Standardized content of modern Chinese characters

Standardized content of modern Chinese characters

Correct typos and other words

Errors and other characters are collectively called typos. The typo refers to its strokes, radicals, structural parts and so on. Not up to standard. A typo refers to a character.

The word is wrongly written as another word, and the word A is written as the word B, which is another word.

1, typo and typo type

The subjective reasons for typos are insufficient understanding of orthography, insufficient attention to the stroke structure of Chinese characters, and the relationship between drawing more and drawing less.

It's not big, so it's hasty, so it's wrong. The objective reason is that Chinese characters are numerous, complex in structure and subtle in differences, which are difficult to identify and remember.

It is difficult to write, and it is inevitable to make mistakes in application. Knowing the types of typos helps to correct them.

Common typos mainly include the following:

(1) Errors caused by adding and subtracting strokes.

Class, the following "big" is easy to add a little more, wrongly written as "dog"

Water, the top of Yao is easy to be added by mistake.

In advance, the word "Yu" on the left is easy to write an apostrophe, which is mistakenly written as "spear".

At first, it was easy to write a little less on the left and write it as "water" by mistake

② Write the wrong radical.

Alas, the radical "seven" on the left is easily misspelled as "earth".

Chuang, the "Cang" on the left side is easily mistaken as "Lun".

However, on the right, the radical "Zi" is easily misspelled as "Li".

③ Error caused by radial displacement.

Peak, left and right structures are easily mistaken for upper and lower structures.

Sweet, tongue on the left, easy to write on the right.

(4) Writing errors occur due to the influence of radicals before and after words.

Narrow, misspelled as "narrow".

Great, it's misspelled as "Hui Hui".

Blurred, misspelled as "steamed paste"

(5) making Chinese characters in disorder

(Example omitted)

There are mainly the following types of common Chinese characters (all the Chinese characters listed above are Chinese characters):

(1) is written as different characters due to similar glyphs.

Despise your eyes-blink and forget your thoughts-dream therapy gold-metallurgical bed-bedspread

Rent-galloping horse-zebra acupuncture-acupuncture straw-grass grass

(2) Differences arising from the same or similar pronunciation and meaning.

Chanting-chanting and dedication-contributing to summer-deploying special research-learning.

Spread-spread secret honey-secret mode-typical stroke-stroke

(3) Write other words under the influence of the radicals before and after the words.

The essence of powder-crushing and clarity-clarity and freedom-pure posture-purity

Editing-editing gun-gun foaming-taste tempering-exercise

(4) Leave because you don't understand the meaning of words.

Show your true colors-show your true colors-make persistent efforts in intrigue and intrigue-make persistent efforts.

With one voice-with one voice, cross the rubicon-cross the rubicon-cross the rubicon-make up the number.

In addition, the traditional Chinese characters and variant Chinese characters that have been abolished by the relevant state departments are the objects of Chinese character standardization and are generally not allowed to be used.

Yes

2, the method of correcting typos

First of all, subjectively, we should fully realize the serious harm of typos, which destroys the function and capacity of language as a communication tool.

It is easy to cause confusion and misunderstanding in information transmission, thus affecting people's normal communication. Therefore, it is necessary to correct typos as a major event.

Secondly, according to the structural characteristics of Chinese characters, this paper focuses on the analysis of Chinese characters with similar structures and easy spelling. Chinese characters have morphology, pronunciation and semantics.

Unity and typo in the use of Chinese characters are all related to these three aspects. Correcting typos should start from these three aspects.

(1) Pay attention to the font. First, pay attention to radicals with similar shapes. The radicals of Chinese characters have many extremely similar shapes, which can be realized without paying attention.

It's wrong. For example:

I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I am a corpse.

Such approximate radicals can be arranged and compared in groups, and then combined to deepen the impression. You can also remember less instead of more.

Method. For example, some people can't distinguish the two words "bi" and "bi", but in fact, only the three words "sword", "swallow" and "pavilion" are commonly used.

Remember three basic words, and the rest of the numbers will naturally follow.

The second is to remember the strokes of the words clearly. For example, cutting is four paintings; Ying is seven paintings. Remember the strokes, "seven" will not be written as "earth"; "

Ang "would not be written as" Mao ". Another example is:

I didn't-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have-I have guarded-I have stopped.

The subtle differences between these words are only in the length of strokes and the difference between horizontal points, so we should focus on memorizing them.

② Pay attention to pronunciation. Firstly, the phonetic components of pictophonetic characters are analyzed. Some pictophonetic characters have similar phonetic components but different pronunciations, so we can use them.

This helps to distinguish words with similar pronunciation. For example:

Ji: Fake, bitter, shrimp, leisure, remote, defective.

Duan Duan forging, calcination, ceramic tile and satin

Today, John regrets, resents, resents, harps, resents, sings, is greedy, criticizes and tolerates.

The second is to pronounce correctly. Some words have been written into other words because of pronunciation errors. To correct such words, we must first pronounce them correctly.

Pronunciation. For example:

The enemy is in the same boat. Kài (not reading) is in full swing. Tú (not reading tea) is terminally ill. Huāng (don't read blindly)

Needless to say, zhuì ū (not reading) said that he was attacked by jū (not reading) and the enemy's admission ticket was quàn (not reading the paper).

(3) Pay attention to the meaning of words. Many typos are caused by misunderstanding the meaning of certain words, especially idioms.

Correcting typos is very helpful. For example:

When their true colors are revealed, they are all, all. This is not necessary.

Spread like wildfire. It is not a "path".

Follow the rules, Mozi. Not "silence".

In addition, we can also use the characteristics of pictophonetic characters associated with word meanings to correct typos. For example, holding hands means it is related to hands.

Action; Wood characters mostly represent things related to trees. Knowing these characteristics, the following words with similar shapes will not be misspelled:

Tie, carry, stand, jump, shake, copy, fold and hit according to the hanging gear.

Crown analysis of eucalyptus and cinnamon.

(B) to avoid misreading

Misreading refers to disobeying phonetic norms and mispronouncing Chinese characters.

Chinese characters are not pinyin characters, so they can't know each other by their shapes. In addition, there are many Chinese characters with similar shapes, and the phonetic symbols of modern pictophonetic characters can be accurately expressed.

Incorrect pronunciation is an important reason for misreading. The following explains how to avoid mistakes from three aspects: font, pronunciation and voice specification.

Reading.

1. Misreading is caused by glyphs, including analogical misreading and similar misreading.

(1) analogy misreading. Refers to the misreading caused by sound analogy. There are accurate and inaccurate connections between phonetics of modern pictophonetic characters.

There are three cases in which a radical (or word) is used as the phonetic part of a series of pictophonetic words instead of representing pronunciation. Which phonetic aspect?

It is difficult to determine which words are pronounced accurately, and there are no rules at all. In this case, if we make an analogy based on experience.

The pronunciation of pictophonetic characters may cause misunderstanding. For example, common words such as "zhi" and "zhi" are pronounced accurately or basically accurately, but "made"

The word "one" in "one" should be pronounced as y', which is interpreted by many people as ZH?by's analogy to the situation of "fingers and limbs" according to experience, resulting in misunderstanding.

Another example is that the word "Yi" in "Yi" is pronounced accurately, but the word "Ai" in "Narrow" cannot be pronounced by analogy, so it should be pronounced by analogy. Here are some examples.

Children (correct pronunciation is in front of each group)

Mei (mei)- Zhu (ju) Exhausted (hé)- Gu (Gü)

Saliva (tuò)-Chuí (vertical) Naked (Luǒ)-Guǒ (vertical)

Xie (Xie)-Jia(pod)Qu(qù)-xū(virtual)

(2) Misreading the similarity in form. There are a large number of Chinese characters, many of which have little difference in strokes, radicals or structures, and the whole glyph is very similar.

It is easy to misunderstand. For example, the forms of "weak" and "winning" are very similar, so some people misunderstand it as yíng, real.

Ley should be read internationally. Here are some examples (correct pronunciation comes before each group):

????????????????????????? 12

Cheng (chēng)- Tang (bore)(Huāng)- Meng (máng)(blind)

（x）-róng（Rong）（Se）-qiáng（a）

2. Misreading caused by polyphonic words. Among the commonly used modern Chinese characters, polyphonic characters account for about 10%. Multi-tone words are closely related to their meanings, with different meanings and different functions.

On different occasions, the pronunciation of words is often different, such as "blood" in spoken language, "hi" in spoken language and "Xu" in written language. Another example is "strong", which means strong.

Reading qiáng means forcing a meaning to read qi m﹣ng, and reading Jiáng means being stubborn. If you don't know polyphonic words,

In these cases, it is easy to cause misunderstanding in use. Here are some examples (the correct pronunciation is in brackets after the word):

People in need -Ná n times (pān)Yu-fān

Crown shape-crown Shen Xin (crown)-crown

Nylon (guān) Towel-Longxiang (Lê ng) Hall -nê ng

3. Ignorance of phonetic norms leads to misunderstanding. Some words used to have multiple pronunciations, but now they have been standardized and different pronunciations have been cancelled.

Leave a pronunciation, if you still pronounce it according to the past situation, it may cause misunderstanding. For example, "mechanical" used to have two pronunciations, xiè and jiè, but now

The whole pronunciation is xiè. Some people don't know the pronunciation standard, but they still read jiè, and the result is wrong. There are also some words, which are a kind of pronunciation and composition.

Reading softly after words or sentences, if you still read according to your own pronunciation, does not meet the standard of Putonghua pronunciation.

Here are some examples (the correct pronunciation is in brackets after the word):

Stupid (dāi) board of directors-a lifetime story ()-J: and

Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia.

Quality (zhi) and quantity -zhǐaround(ào)-rǐo