Military service system in the Republic of China

During the Beiyang government, the recruitment system was adopted. 19 15 formulated the draft regulations on provisional conscription, which divided military service into four categories: standing, reserve, reserve and national, but it was not implemented. Warlords often recruit soldiers themselves, and they don't follow the custom. After the establishment of the Kuomintang government, the recruitment system was still used. 1933, the Kuomintang government promulgated the military service law and implemented the conscription system two years later. There are two kinds of military service: national military service and long-term military service. It is stipulated that all men who have reached the age of 18 ~ 45 and refuse to accept the standing service will be subjected to national military service, training at ordinary times and being called up in wartime. Standing military service is divided into active service, active service and continuous service. Men aged 20-25 were recruited into the camp and served in active service for 3 years. After the expiration, he will retire from active service for six years. I usually go to my hometown to participate in the prescribed exercises, and I will be recalled to the camp during the war. After the expiration of active service, continue to serve until the age of 40. The task is the same as active duty. Regiments, divisions and military regions have been set up in various places as military service organs. In fact, the Kuomintang government only attaches importance to active recruitment, and other regulations have not been implemented. Recruiting active servicemen, called conscription, is actually to catch Ding.

Education and Training System The military organs of the Beiyang government and the Kuomintang government have issued training programs, codes of conduct, teaching models, and orders on important matters in combat. , but most of them have not been realized. Most of the training contents and requirements are decided by the army commander. Many troops (mainly non-lineal) are actually unpractical teachers. However, various military schools are more formal. The education of army officers can be divided into two levels: the army officer school that trains junior officers and the army university that trains senior officers. During the Kuomintang government, military schools such as infantry, riding, artillery and engineering were also established as further education between training and further study. The navy and the air force have naval schools and aviation schools respectively. In addition, there are some military medical, surveying and mapping, quartermaster, ordnance and other schools to train technical officers. At the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the National Defense Research Institute was established to train senior commanders and staff officers in joint operations of land, sea and air. During the Republic of China, most military academies copied the textbooks of Japan, Germany, the United States and other countries, and hired some foreigners as instructors.

Logistics supply system The Army takes strategic units (divisions or armies) as the supply units, and directly requests the War Department (later changed to the Military and Political Department), and the transportation will be solved by itself. The navy and air force are issued according to the organizational system. 1933, the military commission set up a station director department to be responsible for the supply and transportation of military supplies for combat troops. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Logistics Department of the Military Commission set up resident agencies in various war zones and group army combat areas, which were responsible for the supply of various armies and divisions, and were transported to the front by the trench troops. After the establishment of the Ministry of National Defense, the supply headquarters set up by the Joint Logistics Headquarters and the supply bureaus of various provinces and regions provided supplies for the front and rear troops.

The military system of the Republic of China was adapted to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. It not only retains the remnants of feudal military system, but also is influenced by capitalist countries. There are many changes in form and content, which are different from the military system of the feudal dynasty in China's history and have certain progressive significance.