Inventory of improved sugarcane varieties

In the more than 50 years since the establishment of Longchuan Farm, more than 250 excellent sugarcane varieties have been introduced for trial planting from various sugarcane areas across the country. I found that among them, the following varieties have good benefits, large promotion areas, and play a large role in production.

Introduction and propagation of improved sugarcane varieties

1. India 419 (Dehong 581): introduced from Lujiang and Yingjiang counties in 1957, it is a high-yield, late-maturing, large-stem improved variety . The plant is tall, the cane stems are even, and the stems are slightly zigzag-shaped. The internodes are cylindrical, the stem color is purple, the leaf sheaths are easy to fall, the growth potential is strong, the budding is fast, the tillers are many and neat, the perennial root is good, and the adaptability is wide. There are about 5,000 effective stems per mu, and the average yield per mu is 5 to 6 tons. Good ones can reach 9 to 10 tons. The sugar content in February is about 15. The disadvantages are that there are many leaf diseases, bromeliad disease and eye spot disease will occur, flowering is early, and the root phenomenon is more serious. In the 1960s, it was the dominant variety on the farm, with a planting area of ??more than 60,000 acres. In the 1970s, it was replaced by Taiwan Sugar 134.

2. India 290: Introduced from Kaiyuan Sugarcane Station in 1958, it has strong growth potential, fast and numerous tillers, and good perennial roots. It is a medium-stem variety with slender leaves, red-purple stems, and cylindrical shape. , drought-resistant, barren-tolerant, strong lodging resistance, no flowers, small amount of cattail seeds. The cane stems are not uniform enough, have medium sugar content and pure taste, and the average yield per mu is 3 to 4 tons. The disadvantage is that there are many leaf diseases and serious premature aging. In the mid-to-late 1960s, it was one of the leading varieties after India 419, with a planting area of ??more than 2,000 acres. It was later replaced by Cloud Cane 59/115.

3. Yuetang 56/268: Introduced from Yuanjiang County and Lujiang area in 1965, it is a mid- to late-maturing, large-stemmed, high-sugar variety with upright stems, slightly waisted and drum-shaped, and medium-sized sugarcane skin. Hard, broad leaves, few bristles, easy to defoliate, weak tillering ability, high stem formation rate, effective stems per mu is 3000-4000, tolerant to heavy water and fertilizer, relatively resistant to moisture logging, under good water and fertilizer conditions, the yield per mu is high 8~10 tons. The sugar content is 15-17, with the highest ever reaching 19.75. Disadvantages include weak tillering power, insufficient effective stems, uneven cane stems, mid-to-early flowering, and severe root phenomenon. In the 1970s, the total promotion area was more than 1,000 acres, which quickly expanded to 20,000 acres. It was one of the best varieties in Dehong Prefecture.

4. Taiwan Sugar 134: Introduced from Kaiyuan Sugar Cane Station in 1958, the plant is tall and upright, the cane stems are uniform, the internodes are slightly waisted and drum-shaped, the stems are yellow-green to purple-red, medium in color, medium in maturity and large in size. Stem species, medium sugar content, fast and neat germination, high tillering rate, well-developed root system, good perennial properties, easier to produce high and stable yields, generally 4 to 5 tons per mu, and up to 7 to 8 tons under good conditions. No or late flowering. The disadvantages are that there are more leaf diseases, more serious yellow spot disease, premature aging, and serious insect damage. In the 1970s, planting expanded rapidly, replacing "India 419" as the main planting variety on the farm at that time. The total planting area reached more than 4,500 acres, accounting for 60 to 70% of the total area. After being promoted to all counties in Dehong Prefecture, it grew to more than 45,000 acres. By 1986, there were still 44,378 acres in the state, becoming one of the main varieties in the state.

5. Yunzhi 59/115: introduced from Kaiyuan Gan Science Research Institute in 1965. The plant is tall and upright, with uniform cane stems, yellow-green stem color, cylindrical internodes, and late-maturing middle stems. It has strong growth potential, fast and neat budding, many tillers, high stem formation rate, up to 7,000 effective stems per mu, strong perennial rooting, drought tolerance and barren tolerance. The average yield per mu is 4 to 6 tons, and under good conditions it can reach 7 to 8 tons. The leaf sheaths are not easy to fall off, making it difficult to peel off leaves. Flowering occurs in mid-to-early period, the root phenomenon is more serious, the sugar content is low in the early stage, and the yellow spot disease on the leaves is serious. Because of its stable and high yield, it is still very popular. It was promoted in the 1970s and in the mid-term, it became another popular variety in the farm and surrounding villages. The planting area once reached more than 80 acres. In 1983, there were still 12,107 acres on the farm. In 1986, there were still 7,500 acres, accounting for 30% of the total sugarcane area. There are still 26,005 acres in the state. This variety is the variety that has been promoted for the longest time. Counties are continuing to expand planting area.

Inventory of improved sugarcane varieties

6. Guitang No. 5 (64/73): introduced from Kaiyuan Sugarcane Research Institute in 1973, in the 1970s Promotion in the mid-to-late 1990s. It is a medium-maturity, medium-high sugar, large-stem variety. The cane stem is cylindrical, light yellow to dark red, with obvious water plugs. The stem is hard, the leaves are long and scattered, there are few bristles, good defoliation, and tillers. It has medium strength, strong perenniality, wide adaptability, and good working characteristics. It is characterized by high hammer strength, high fiber content, less reducing sugar, slightly oblique plants, easy lodging, and no flowering. The average yield per mu is 5 to 6 tons, and under good conditions it can reach 9 to 10 tons. In the late 1970s, more than 3,000 acres were promoted and planted, and it was listed as one of the key varieties promoted in Dehong. In 1986, there were 2,100 acres remaining in the field, and the state owned 41,643 acres. It is one of the leading varieties in the state and plays an important role in the state's cane sugar production. Made a great contribution.

7. Guitang No. 11 (73/167): Introduced from Guangxi Ganke Research Institute and Nanning City Farm in 1979. It is a medium-early maturing, large-stemmed, high-sugar variety with light red to purple sugarcane stems, cylindrical internodes, high germination rate, fast germination and emergence, dark green and thick seedling leaves, strong tillering ability, oblique leaves of the seedling plants, and jointing ( After elongation), it stands upright, has a high stem formation rate, and has 4000 to 4500 effective stems per acre. It is easy to defoliate and has few setae. It has good yield, with an average yield of 5 to 6 tons per mu. If the water and fertilizer conditions are good, it can yield 8 to 10 tons. The shortcoming of non-flowering or late flowering is that the ratoon cane stems are not uniform enough and lodging will occur after high yield. Since 1983, planting has been rapidly promoted. In 1986, the planting area reached 1,675 acres, and in 1987, the total area reached 2,862 acres. It has become an important member of the farm's sugarcane seed collective and is a valuable seed.

8. Xintai Tang No. 16: Introduced in the early 20th century, it is a medium-large stem species, an early-maturing variety, with cylindrical internodes. The stem color is yellow-green before exposure, lavender in the early stage after exposure, and turns to lavender in the later stage. It is light yellow. Germination, high tillering rate, neat growth in the seedling stage, vigorous growth in the early stage, high stem formation rate, many effective stems, uniform cane stems, not prone to lodging and heading, resistance to mosaic disease, strong smut resistance, mu The yield is generally more than 6 tons, with good ratoon properties. The yield of ratoon cane is stable, the sugar content is high, reaching 16.65 in February, the gravity purity is high, the reducing sugar is low, and it is resistant to exposure to sunlight. It is an early-maturing, high-yielding, high-sugar variety. Disadvantages: When the air humidity is high during the elongation period, the leaves are susceptible to brown streak disease. This variety is suitable for cultivation in various types of soil with medium and high fertility. It is one of the varieties grown in Longchuan Farm from rice to sugarcane. This variety has high buds, tillers and mature stems, so the amount of seeds can be appropriately reduced.

9. Xintai Tang No. 20: Introduced in the early 21st century, a medium- and small-stem variety, an early-maturing, middle-yielding, high-sugar variety. The internodes are cylindrical and the stem color is light purple. It germinates quickly and neatly, has many tillers, good ratoon properties, vigorous growth throughout the growth period, erect sugarcane stems, high stem formation rate, and many effective stems, 5,500 to 6,500 per mu, with an average yield of 6 to 7 tons per mu. The sucrose content can reach 16.55 in February, with high gravity purity and low reduction. It has strong adaptability and can be planted in paddy fields and dry land with medium and high fertility. It has many types of tillers and thin stems, which can save the amount of seeds in cultivation. Disadvantages: This variety is susceptible to borer damage, especially in the seedling stage. It is one of the best varieties currently grown on the farm.

10. Xintai Tang No. 25: introduced to the farm around 2002, with medium-large stems, long cane stems, cylindrical internodes, substantial and solid cane stems, no heading and flowering. The sugarcane stem is yellow-green, turns lavender after exposure, and is easy to defoliate. Its morphological characteristics are similar to "New Taitang No. 16". This variety is early-maturing and high-yielding, with high sugar content, neat buds, strong tillering power, vigorous growth, easy row sealing, easy weed control, good perennial rooting, and has excellent drought tolerance? Taitang No. 10?, resistance to smut and mildew. Rot, leaf blight, leaf burn, etc. The average yield per mu is more than 7 tons, and the highest yield can exceed 10 tons/mu. This species is suitable for planting in water and dry soils and on high-fertility land. Water and dry sugarcane fields with good water and fertilizer conditions have high yield potential, and the yield per mu can reach 10 tons. Disadvantages: This variety has low yield when grown on poor soil. It is one of the improved varieties promoted on the farm.

11. Guangdong Tang 93/159: introduced in the early 21st century.

The middle stem is large, solid, with a thick base, long internodes, and is generally cylindrical. The unexposed part of the cane stem is greenish-yellow, and it is yellow-green after exposure. The cane stem has no air roots, no cracks and cork patches, and the cane stem is uniform. , beautiful sugarcane shape. It is an early-maturing, high-yielding, high-sugar variety. It has high germination rate, strong tillering, many effective stems, uniform sugarcane stems, good ratoon properties, and strong lodging resistance. The general yield per mu is 6 to 8 tons, and the sugar content is high, reaching 16.6 in November and 16.94 in December. It reached 17.88 in January, and the average sugar content from November to January was 16.99. The gravity purity of cane juice is 94.24, the reducing sugar is 0.34 lower, and the fiber score is 10.94. This variety has high water and fertilizer requirements. The disadvantage is that plots with poor water and fertilizer conditions are not suitable for planting this variety. This variety has the advantages of high germination rate and strong tillering ability. It should be planted sparsely and the number of effective stems per acre should be controlled at about 5,000. This variety has early-growing plants and strong ratoon properties, so it can also achieve high yields with ratoon sugarcane. After its introduction, it was quickly promoted throughout the farm and became one of the improved varieties on the farm.

12. New Taiwan Sugar No. 10: introduced in the late 1990s. Medium to large stems, the plant is upright and compact. The stem bark is light yellow and turns gray-green after exposure. The internodes are conical with obvious wax powder bands. It is a medium-early maturing, high-yield and high-sugar product. The buds are uniform, the stems are numerous, not hollow or heart-shaped, the roots are good and not prone to lodging. There are about 6,000 effective stems per mu, and the average yield per mu is 8 to 9 tons. The average sugar cane content is 14.13%, it is resistant to waterlogging, and it is rough and easy to manage. It is suitable for planting in sugarcane fields with medium water and fertilizer conditions, especially paddy fields where rice is converted into sugarcane. With strengthened management, the yield per mu can reach more than 10 tons. Disadvantages: Not suitable for planting on barren land, prone to damage from thrips and chafers. This variety has a large planting area on the farm, especially the main variety planted by the rice team, and is one of the farm's leading varieties.

13. New Taiwan Sugar No. 22: introduced in the early 21st century. Medium-large stem species, with a thick base, a slightly smaller head, long raw stems, and inverted conical internodes. The unexposed part of the sugarcane stem turns light yellow, and after exposure it turns dark purple. It is a medium-ripening variety with high sugar and high yield. It has good germination, slow growth in the early stage, and fast growth in the middle stage. No. 57 has a well-developed hair group, is easy to defoliate, is resistant to lodging, and has good perennial properties. There are about 5,600 effective stems per mu. The average yield per mu is 7 to 8 tons, and the sucrose content is at its peak. The February period can reach 15.58. Disadvantages: Heading and flowering occur in different years, and mild infection with smut. This variety is suitable for planting in paddy fields, gentle slopes, and flat dry lands with medium to high soil fertility. It is also an excellent variety that the farm mainly promotes and cultivates during this period.

14. Guitang 17 (Guitang 89/5): a new variety introduced to the farm in the early 21st century. This variety has tall and upright plants, medium-large stems, cylindrical internodes, solid, and dominant hollows. The shaded part of the cane stem is light green-yellow, and the exposed part is light purple-red. It is a medium-late maturing, medium-large stem, high-yield, high-sugar variety with high germination rate, strong tillering ability, strong growth in the seedling stage, good perennial rooting, high stem formation rate, fast and neat growth in the early stage, vigorous growth, no heading and flowering, There are about 5,500 effective stems per mu, and the average yield per mu is 6 to 7 tons, which is 15 to 20 more than that of Guitang No. 11. The sucrose share is 14.98 per month. Disadvantages: Cultivation requires high soil and is prone to lodging. Suitable for planting in dry land, paddy fields, and soil with medium or lower fertility (including medium fertility). It is a popular variety for planting on poorer land in dry lands on farms.

15. Yuetang 86/368: Another improved variety introduced by the farm after 2001. Medium to large stem, the sugarcane stem is smooth and even, the stem color is purple-red, and turns brown-purple after exposure, the wax powder is thick, the internodes are long, and it is cylindrical. This variety is a medium-late maturing, high-yielding, high-sugar variety. It has good budding and tillering, stable growth in the early stage, fast growth after jointing, strong growth potential, strong and uniform sugarcane stems, many effective stems, good ratooning, and many strong seedlings. The average yield of sugarcane per mu is 6 to 7 tons, with an average sugar content of 14.14%. It is drought-resistant and not prone to lodging. Disadvantages: Rainy days or when sugarcane fields are too wet to harvest sugarcane will have a greater impact on the ratoon roots in the coming year. It is suitable for planting on dry slopes with medium fertility and above, where it can best maximize its high yield potential. It is an excellent variety for dryland cultivation promoted by farms.