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What is the origin of corporate culture?
The Origin of Corporate Culture
We often hear entrepreneurs talk about it? Corporate culture? I like to use it whether it is a clear question or an unclear thing. Corporate culture? Make an overview and a summary. In fact, most people don't really understand what corporate culture is, let alone really create it.
Favorite to use? Corporate culture? There are generally two kinds of managers who explain the problem: the first is the senior management, who have systematically studied management knowledge and used various management methods. After reaching a management level, they find that corporate culture is an efficient management tool, and the future management trend must be cultural management; The second kind is low-level. They don't have much management knowledge and can't explain clearly when they encounter problems, but they are right? Culture? Worship, they love to use corporate culture to explain the unclear reasons. Either way, they all agree with the importance of culture and realize that the crux of the problem, the solution and the way out for development may all be related to culture. In this era, corporate culture is an unavoidable topic for any entrepreneur. To achieve the greatest success, we must understand, create and make good use of corporate culture.
The rise of Japanese enterprises in the late 1970s was the direct reason why western scholars began to pay attention to corporate culture. William? Ouchi's Z Theory (198 1), Terrence? Deere and Allen? Kennedy Corporate Culture (1982), Thomas? Peters and George W. Robert Waterman's "Seeking Advantages" (1982) and other monographs set off a wave of corporate culture research and practice, and since then, the discussion and creation of corporate culture has never stopped.
The earliest official appearance? Corporate culture? The term "Management Science Quarterly" was published in 1979, and pettigrew was in? Corporate culture research? Used for the first time in the article. Many scholars try to define? Corporate culture? Some people think that corporate culture is the convention, ceremony and ceremony (Deal and Kennedy,1982; Trice and Beyer, 1984), some people think it is a control and trading mechanism (Jones,1983; Wilkings and Ouchi, 1983), some people think it is a shared, taken for granted and inherent assumption (Schein, 1985), some people think it is a mode of sharing values and beliefs (Deshpande and Webster, 1987), and some people think it is a kind of corporate habit. Schein( 1985) believes that corporate culture refers to the sum of * * * common consciousness, values, professional ethics, codes of conduct and norms followed by all members under certain social and economic conditions. ? This definition has been generally recognized, but under the influence of this definition, people often limit corporate culture work to ideas and systems, and this understanding and operation is incomplete.
In China, the Book of Changes was the first release? Words? And then what? Change? Two words together? Observing astronomy is to observe the changes of time; Look at the humanities again. In order to turn it into the world, Shuo Yuan will be official? Words? And then what? Change? United as one word? Sages rule the world, and virtue precedes martial arts. Where martial arts flourish, it will not work, and culture will not work, so it will be punished. Good morning. Culture? The significance of the Wenzhi Enlightenment is very obvious. Modern farewell to the sea? Culture? Definition: ① Broadly speaking, it refers to the sum of material and spiritual productivity and material and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social practice. In a narrow sense, it refers to spiritual production capacity and spiritual products, including all social ideologies: natural science, technical science and social ideology. ② Common sense. (3) the floorboard of the civilization and enlightenment of the ancient feudal dynasty in China. Quit the sea, right? Culture? Although the broad interpretation is very broad, it completely contains? Culture? The concept and content, and the current research and operation? Corporate culture? Relatively similar. Therefore, corporate culture is the sum of material and spiritual productivity and material and spiritual wealth created in practice under a certain social and cultural environment through the long-term advocacy of core figures and the recognition of all members (Song Lianke, 2007).
Corporate culture can be divided into several levels, and three-tier and four-tier methods are popular. The three-layer theory divides corporate culture into core layer, middle layer and outer layer, while the four-layer theory divides corporate culture into spiritual layer, system layer, behavior layer and material layer. The spiritual layer is a kind of spiritual achievement and cultural concept that has been produced and formed for a long time in the process of production and operation under a certain social and cultural background, including values, enterprise spirit, enterprise thinking, enterprise philosophy and so on. And it is the sum of corporate ideology. The system layer mainly refers to the management system, management methods and policies formulated by the organization in production and operation management and the management atmosphere formed by them. The behavior layer is produced by the members of the organization in their production, management, study and entertainment activities, and it is a dynamic embodiment of the spiritual layer and the institutional layer, including cultural phenomena in organizational management, education and publicity, interpersonal activities and cultural and sports activities. The material layer is an artifact culture with material form as its main performance, which is composed of products or services created by organization members and various material facilities. The core layer corresponds to the spiritual layer, the middle layer corresponds to the system layer and the behavior layer, and the outer layer corresponds to the material layer. Corporate culture is a system, and all levels have internal relations. Only internal unity can form a stable culture.
The main characteristics of corporate culture
Uniqueness
Corporate culture has distinct personality and characteristics and is relatively independent. Every enterprise has its own unique cultural deposit, which is determined by its production and operation characteristics, enterprise traditions, enterprise goals, staff quality and different internal and external environments.
right of succession
Enterprises are born, exist and develop under certain time and space conditions, and corporate culture is the product of history. The inheritance of corporate culture is reflected in three aspects: First, it inherits the excellent essence of national culture. The second is to inherit the cultural tradition of the enterprise. The third is to inherit the practice and research results of foreign corporate culture.
get along well with
The integration of corporate culture is reflected in its coordination and adaptability with the corporate environment. Corporate culture reflects the spirit of the times, and it must be integrated with the economic environment, political environment, cultural environment and community environment of the enterprise.
humanity
Corporate culture is a people-oriented culture, the most essential content is to emphasize the core role of human ideals, morality, values and behavior norms in enterprise management, and to emphasize understanding, respecting and caring for people in enterprise management. Pay attention to all-round development, inspire people with vision, unite people with spirit, motivate people with mechanism and cultivate people with environment.
complete
Corporate culture is an organic whole, and human development is inseparable from the development of enterprises, thus guiding employees to integrate their personal goals into the overall goals of enterprises and pursue the realization of the overall advantages and will of enterprises.
novel
Innovation is not only the call of the times, but also the inherent requirement of corporate culture itself. Excellent corporate culture often innovates in inheritance, and reforms and develops with the changes of corporate environment and domestic and foreign markets, guiding everyone to pursue Excellence, efficiency and innovation.
Main types of corporate culture
According to the task and operation mode of the enterprise
Deere and Kennedy divided corporate culture into four types: strongman culture; Work hard and enjoy culture; Attack culture; Process culture.
1. Tough guy culture. This culture encourages internal competition and innovation, and encourages adventure. Corporate culture characteristics with strong competitiveness and fast product renewal.
2. Work hard and enjoy the culture. This kind of culture pays equal attention to work and entertainment, and encourages employees to complete less risky work. Corporate culture characteristics of weak competitiveness and relatively stable products.
3. Gambling culture. It has the characteristics of putting all your eggs in one basket on the basis of careful analysis. Generally speaking, corporate culture is characterized by large investment and slow results.
4. Process culture. This culture focuses on how to do it, and there is basically no feedback on the work, so it is difficult for employees to measure what they have done. Corporate culture with strong authority and ability to complete tasks step by step.
According to the state and style of the enterprise
1. Dynamic type. Features are: re-organization, pursuit of innovation, clear goals, external orientation, good communication from top to bottom, and strong sense of responsibility.
2. Stagnant type. The characteristics are: quick success and instant benefit, no lofty goals, self-interest, self-protection, introversion, slow action and irresponsibility.
3. Bureaucracy. Features are: routines, red tape.
According to the nature and scale of the enterprise
1. Greenhouse type. This is unique to traditional state-owned enterprises. Not interested in the external environment, lack of adventurous spirit, lack of incentives and constraints.
2. Types of scavengers. Small and medium-sized enterprises are unique. The strategy changes with the environment, the organizational structure lacks order and the functions are scattered. The foundation of the value system is to respect leaders.
3. Garden type. Trying to maintain the dominant position in the traditional market, paternalistic management and employee motivation are at a low level.
4. Large plant type. Unique to large enterprises. It is characterized by constantly adapting to changes in the environment and encouraging employees' initiative and enthusiasm.
Enterprises attach importance to various factors.
1. Grade type. Owned by a company operating in a monopoly market. Non-personalized management style, pyramid organizational structure, emphasis on compliance with standards, norms and rigid procedures, lack of competition within the organization, people secretly intrigue.
2. Types of professional managers. Work-oriented, clear standards, strict reward and punishment system, flexible organizational structure and fierce internal competition.
3. technical type. Technical experts are in power, paternalistic, focusing on technical secrets and functional organizational structure.
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