Why is it said that "a gentleman is known as righteousness, and a villain is known as benefit" (4

"A gentleman is concerned with righteousness, and a villain is concerned with profit." It means: A gentleman values ??morality, while a villain values ??interests. From "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren", Confucius said: "A gentleman is a metaphor for righteousness, a villain is a metaphor for benefit."

The fundamental reason for the emergence of "A gentleman is a metaphor for righteousness, and a villain is a metaphor for benefit" is the existence of the central idea. Confucius said: "A gentleman takes righteousness as a quality and etiquette as a practice." Whatever a gentleman does or does not do, it is only after "righteousness and comparison" that a gentleman does it. A gentleman turns things around.

Junzi: This saying that the gentleman and the villain are completely different and completely opposite are seen many times in "The Analects of Confucius". In fact, almost all we see are people in between. Therefore, when understanding, we must have a "dynamic life" perspective, that is, a "gentleman" is regarded as a person who "determines or strives to become" a gentleman, and a villain is a person who "has no intention or gives up to become" a gentleman. Only with this understanding can we further claim that if a gentleman is slack, he may become a villain; if a villain makes progress, he may change his appearance. In this way, Confucius' educational work can have substantial effects and effects.

Villain people use external things as standards and reference, and mainly judge by profit. When they act, they do not act according to righteousness, what should or should not be done, but according to what is beneficial or not, whether there is more profit but less profit. The villain is influenced by things.

A gentleman acts according to "righteousness as a quality", so he can achieve "being rich and noble without righteousness, is like a floating cloud to me", "having it everywhere, but not everywhere", "clothing in tattered robes, and Those who are dressed like foxes and raccoon dogs stand up, but those who are shameless." It is precisely because a gentleman has established his own inner standard - righteousness, that he can be "tranquil but not arrogant", "Sickness is incompetent, and the patient does not know it", "Introspection does not make you feel guilty, why should you worry and fear", "A gentleman seeks wisdom from others" Self, the villain seeks help from others." The differences, etc., all stem from this difference in intention when acting, and the gentleman and the villain are distinguished.

Specific meaning: It refers to the different values ????of a gentleman and a villain. Those with high moral standards only need to be righteous, while those with low qualities can only act for profit and harm. A gentleman must distinguish right from wrong when doing things, and a villain must consider the pros and cons of everything.

In the eighth year of Chunxi (1181), Zhu Xi once invited Lu Jiuyuan to the lecture hall of Bailudong Academy to talk about the chapter "A gentleman is likened to righteousness, and a villain is likened to benefit." He used "the distinction between righteousness and benefit" to explain it. Discuss the differences between Confucianism and Buddhism to explain yourself as the theoretical basis for learning. The listeners were very moved, and some even cried. Zhu Xi also asked Lu Jiuyuan to write the lecture notes "Lecture Notes on the Analects of Bailudong Academy" and carve the lecture notes on stone as a commemoration.