When did the Ministry of Construction clearly put forward the principles, tasks and requirements of speeding up urban landscaping?

First of all, it is necessary to clarify the guiding principles for building a conservation-oriented city landscape. In accordance with the requirements of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, we should fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, adjust measures to local conditions, make rational investment, give priority to ecology, and make green scientifically, and put the concept of conservation throughout the whole process of urban landscaping planning, construction and management, so as to promote the implementation of the national strategic goal of energy conservation and emission reduction, guide and promote the transformation of urban development mode, and promote the sustainable development of cities.

In addition to the * * nature of implementing conservation policies in other fields, the landscaping construction of conservation-oriented cities has its own uniqueness. Its characteristics are developmental, social and long-term. The "Opinions on Building Conservation-oriented City Landscaping" (draft) just issued by our Ministry clearly puts forward the main measures for building conservation-oriented city greening. The expandability mentioned here is to explore, study, analyze, summarize and improve the actual situation in various places from the breadth and depth of saving, so as to make its connotation richer, more scientific and reasonable and more operable. The so-called sociality is mainly manifested in the social and ecological benefits of landscaping itself. As a social welfare undertaking, the development of landscaping must be led by government planning and investment, but it needs to mobilize the extensive participation of the whole society, make maximum use of market mechanism and value law to guide the investment of various social funds and social forces, and at the same time, it must always accept the supervision of the whole society. The so-called long-term nature is mainly manifested in the fact that landscaping is the main carrier of urban ecological environment and the most important and only vital infrastructure that affects the long-term development of cities. The future of the city, the quality of life of our next generation and the ecological carrying capacity of the city all depend on the present situation of our landscaping construction and the guiding ideology of urban landscaping. Because cities consume so much energy and are the main body of waste gas emissions, the United Nations Under-Secretary-General once said that "cities are either a disaster for mankind or a brilliant future. What will happen in the future depends on what we do today. " Whether we can treat the city well today, whether we can really take the road of scientific development, persist in developing green through science and technology, and build a conservation-oriented landscaping city with scientific connotation determines whether our future generations can have blue sky, green land and clear water, and whether they can have a better urban ecological environment.

In addition, the long-term nature of building-saving landscaping is also reflected in the social and ecological benefits of landscaping determined by the growth characteristics of plants. The embodiment of these benefits takes time to accumulate and can never be immediate. Rome was not built in a day. Jiayuguan city can have today because of the development and accumulation of the city for decades, especially in the past 20 years. Since it is a long-term accumulation, it needs strict requirements, standardized management and careful care in the whole process of urban landscape construction.

Second, the construction of conservation-oriented urban landscaping must adhere to the basic principles of adapting to local conditions. China has a vast territory, and there are great regional differences in natural climate and natural resources, as well as significant differences in society, economy, history, culture and development level. Therefore, the construction of conservation-oriented landscaping must proceed from the local reality and local microclimate characteristics, and formulate a conservation-oriented urban landscaping work plan suitable for local reality and its own conditions according to local conditions, and must not be copied. Everyone comes to Jiayuguan to study, mainly to learn their innovative spirit, their working methods and their pragmatic working attitude. Only in this way can the construction of conservation-oriented landscaping achieve results.

Third, in the implementation of conservation-oriented landscaping, we should always adhere to the principle of reasonable investment. Ensuring capital investment is a necessary prerequisite for doing a good job in the landscaping of conservation-oriented cities. Because landscaping is a kind of social public welfare urban infrastructure, it is especially necessary to ensure financial input and improve the efficiency of capital use, and we must never simply regard conservation-oriented landscaping as the compression of funds. It cannot be said that the investment in landscaping construction last year was100000 yuan, and it will be reduced to 8 million yuan this year, which means saving. This idea is wrong! What we need to analyze and compare is, where was last year's100000 yuan mainly used? How many green spaces have been built? How much green did you add? How will this year's increase to120,000 yuan be used and how much green will be built? It is always clear that on the basis of protecting the existing greening achievements and maintaining the existing green quantity, the green quantity should be appropriately and reasonably increased to adapt to urban development. In addition, conservation needs to pay attention to scientific methods, and landscaping cannot be simply regarded as civil engineering or greening engineering. Urban landscaping is a comprehensive subject, which not only has the characteristics of engineering, but also has the connotation of culture and art, and is also the carrier of biodiversity in urban ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously advocate the application of native plants in order to play a greater ecological function and reduce the maintenance and management costs after the completion of green space. At the same time, scientific planning, rational allocation, ecological construction, advanced drip irrigation technology and water recycling should be adopted to improve the efficiency of fund use.

Fourth, the implementation of conservation-oriented landscaping should adhere to the principle of ecological priority. The core purpose of urban landscaping is to serve citizens, build a livable environment and give consideration to biodiversity, and the ultimate goal is the harmony between man and nature. Adhering to the principle of ecological priority is the essential requirement of people-oriented landscaping, the primary task of conservation-oriented landscaping, and the basis for maximizing the ecological benefits of urban green space. Adhering to ecological priority does not hinder the embodiment of humanistic value endowed by gardens. China's garden art is extensive and profound, including broader connotations such as philosophy, humanities and aesthetics, and it is the crystallization of Chinese national culture. The core idea of China's garden art is different from that of the West. Western gardens embody rationalism, and its core idea is that human beings can transform, overcome and control nature. Western gardening art pays attention to symmetry, pursues grand scenes and recreates nature. On the other hand, China gardens learn from nature. "Although they are made by people, they are just like nature", and they emphasize the harmony with nature. Because different gardening ideas at home and abroad have aroused the keen concern of foreign gardeners about China's garden construction, they think that China's classical garden construction concept is a sustainable landscaping construction policy that truly reflects the original ecological value and meets the requirements of human development in 2 1 century. Therefore, we must not sell ourselves short, blindly worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries, and always invite western landscape masters in the construction of urban landscaping. In fact, western landscape masters are still laughing at money: "It's too late for us to learn from China! You China people have paid a high price for us to do this plan that we are willing to give up. " This must be highly noted!

Fifth, adhere to the principle of scientific greening. Landscaping runs through the whole process of urban planning, construction and management. On the one hand, landscaping workers are required to have rich scientific knowledge, and landscaping should match and coordinate with the natural climate, ecological landform, economy and culture of the city. On the other hand, the planning and design of the landscaping system should be scientifically and reasonably arranged according to the urban nature, development goals, resource carrying capacity and land use layout. Last year, we proposed that the core of conservation-oriented landscaping is "three sections", namely, saving land, water and money. What I want to emphasize this year is that on the basis of adhering to the "three sections", we will add "four reductions". "Three festivals" is the foundation of conservation-oriented urban landscaping, and "Four Degrees" fully embodies the social, ecological and economic benefits of conservation-oriented landscaping.

The so-called "four reductions", the first is to reduce the urban heat island effect. Cities in China are densely populated cities. The average population density in the built-up area is about 1 10,000 people/square kilometer, and the population density and building density in the downtown area are relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the heat island effect through landscaping. In Beijing, Chengdu and other cities, the heat island effect in the hottest places in summer has exceeded 6 degrees, even as high as 8 degrees, which poses a serious threat to people's normal life and work. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the heat island effect in the city center through landscaping, which is one of the main means to deal with climate warming and prevent urban climate disasters.

The second is to reduce air and water pollution in cities. Urban air pollution and dust pollution can be mainly reduced by the adsorption of garden plants, especially adult trees and street trees. American scientists say that each adult tree can provide 3000 dollars of ecological value, mainly referring to its adsorption and purification functions. Planting some beneficial aquatic plants in rivers and ponds can effectively purify water quality, optimize water body, reduce COD index of water body, remove phosphorus and nitrogen, and restore water ecology, which is the cheapest way to save energy and reduce emissions.

The third is to reduce the energy consumption of urban buildings and infrastructure. As we all know, the biggest air pollution in the world comes from the energy consumption of cities. Burning one ton of coal can produce two tons of sulfur dioxide gas. Most cities in China need heating in winter and air conditioning in summer. If the three-dimensional greening and vertical greening of building walls, roofs and balconies are widely promoted, most cities can save 30% of energy consumption, which is a very amazing saving. Chongqing recently promulgated the Regulations on Energy Conservation and Greening, which requires that the three-dimensional greening policy be seriously implemented. They screened out more than 50 kinds of native woody herbs suitable for roof greening through experiments, and publicized and educated the citizens of the city to popularize roof greening. In addition, planting tall trees on the sunny or sunny exterior walls of multi-storey buildings can also achieve the effect of energy saving in summer.

The fourth is to reduce the energy consumption of urban transportation and extend the service life of urban roads and other infrastructure. Why should we advocate planting street trees between motor vehicle lanes and non-motor vehicle lanes? Because street trees are "common people's" trees, they provide shade for pedestrians and cyclists in summer and provide wind and dust protection for people in winter. If trees are planted properly in the parking lot, the temperature of the car body will be greatly reduced, the fuel consumption of automobile refrigeration will be reduced, and the automobile exhaust pollution will be greatly reduced. As a small tropical country, since the founding of 1965, Singapore has always regarded landscaping construction as an important basic work to build a garden country and improve the living environment. Anyone who has been to Singapore will notice that most of the street trees there are umbrella-shaped, and the shaded crossings on both sides can cover the whole asphalt road, which can not only bring shade to pedestrians and vehicles, but also greatly reduce the road temperature and prolong the service life of the road. It is understood that this street tree was domesticated and cultivated after it was specially introduced into the African grassland. I once asked their officials: "Singapore is so rich, with a per capita income of more than $20,000, and few people ride bicycles. Why do you need such a big umbrella? " He said: This is an energy-saving tree. The temperature here is as high as 40 degrees in summer. In the past, people used water to cool asphalt pavement to prevent it from softening and aging. This street tree can cover all asphalt roads, which is not only beautiful, but also does not need to water the road surface, and the service life of the road surface is at least doubled.

Therefore, the core of conservation-oriented city landscaping is "three sections", but it is more important to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction through "three sections" and achieve the effect of "four reductions". It is necessary to closely combine landscaping with energy conservation and emission reduction, carry out experimental research in combination with local conditions, and fully tap the profound connotation of conservation-oriented landscaping.