What competition is trampoline?

Trampoline is a competitive sport in which athletes demonstrate acrobatic skills by bouncing off the trampoline, which belongs to gymnastics.

history

The history of trampoline can be traced back to Comanche Indians in North America in the middle of19th century. Acrobats in China Circus have used similar trampolines for at least 200 years.

The pioneer of modern elastic trampoline is French acrobat Du Trampoline. He weaves a protective net with hemp rope to strengthen the safety of "trapeze", and uses the elasticity of the net to throw the actors into the air to complete various actions. In 1930s, George Nissen, an American diving champion, made a trampoline similar to today's to help his diving and flip training, and later founded Nissen Trampoline Company. During World War II, the United States used trampolines to train pilots and navigators in positioning skills, and achieved good results. Later, it gradually became a sport and was widely carried out in American middle schools and universities. 1947 the first national trampoline exhibition competition was held in Texas. Since 1948, it has been included in the official competition and introduced to Europe. 1958, Britain began to hold the All England Trampoline Championship, 1964, the first World Trampoline Championship was held in Britain, 1969, and the first European Trampoline Championship was held in Paris, France. 1999 The International Trampoline Federation became an association of the International Gymnastics Federation, and the 27th Olympic Games in 2000 became an official event, with two events for men and women, with 12 athletes participating in each event.

Trampoline classification

Trampolines are divided into online and single jumping events.

On-line: With the help of the elasticity of the elastic bed, the human body bounces into the air and does various gymnastics movements and somersaults in the air. There are ten required movements and optional movements in individual, double and team events, which are graded according to the arrangement, difficulty and quality of the movements.

Single jump: The race is completed on a narrow and long wooden track covered with a thick blanket.

On this runway, athletes have to complete a series of difficult technical movements, including forward somersault, backward somersault, forward somersault and backward somersault, and finally land on the mat at the end of the runway. According to the regulations, the whole set of movements should consist of less than eight single movements, and finally it must end with somersault.

Rules and knowledge

Two gold medals for men and women on the Olympic trampoline line.

In the individual competition, athletes have to complete three sets of movements, and each set of movements consists of 10.

The characteristics of a set of trampoline movements are mainly manifested in the high-floating movement, the rhythmic connection and transformation between movements, including leg take-off, back bounce, abdominal bounce and sitting bounce, with no pause and jump in the middle of the whole movement.

A set of trampoline movements should consist of various forward and backward somersaults, rotating or non-rotating somersaults.

Athletes' full set of movements should show graceful body posture, correct movement skills, ideal height and good body control ability.

During the competition, athletes are not allowed to wear jewelry and watches. Female athletes must wear white socks in the competition. Violators will be disqualified from this round of competition.

Each contestant can be protected by 1 coach; Under no circumstances should there be more than four protectors around the net.

After the referee gives the signal, the athlete must start the first action within 1 minute, otherwise the points will be deducted. When an athlete does an action, except for jumping with his legs apart, all other actions require his feet and legs to be close together and his toes to be straight. According to the action requirements, the body posture can be group, bent body or straight body.

There cannot be repeated actions in a group of actions, otherwise the difficulty of repeated actions will not be calculated. If the first set of actions in the preliminary round is repeated, 1.0 points will be deducted for each repetition.

The referee only grades the actions completed online. If there is an interruption in the game, the action after the interruption will not be graded. At the end of the whole set of movements, the athlete's feet must fall on the net in a controlled way and keep his upper body upright, otherwise points will be deducted according to the rules.

The referee's score is 0. 1 The referee is responsible for deciding the validity of the final score.

Due to poor posture in the competition, 0. 1 ~ 0.5 points will be deducted for each action;

Touch the net with one hand or both hands, 0.4 points will be deducted;

Touch the net with both knees or hands, sit on the net, lie flat or lie on your back, and deduct 0.6 points;

Touch the spring, cushion, trampoline frame or safety platform, deduct 0.6 points;

Drop or fall on the spring, cushion, trampoline frame or safety platform and protective pad, 0.8 points will be deducted;

1.0 points when falling or jumping out of the trampoline buckle;

During the competition, 0.3 points will be deducted every time the support staff or coach talks or hints to the athletes;

Deduct 1.0 points for each intermediate (straight) jump in a set of movements; Additional action deduction 1.0 points;

Deduct 0. 1 ~ 0.3 points if the specified time is exceeded.

1, trampoline frame length 5.050m, width 2.9 10m, height1./50m, net length 4.028m, width 2.0 14m, spring1/kloc-. In the trampoline competition, athletes need to complete the required movements and optional movements. In the trampoline event, athletes need to do three different sets of movements. The first set of movements is a prescribed routine, in which only the "difficulty score" of two movements is calculated, and the second and third sets of movements are optional routines.

The scoring composition of a trampoline routine is divided into "technical score", "difficulty score" and "synchronization score". "Technical score" is an evaluation of the athletes' action completion, with a full score of 10. In the formal trampoline individual routine, there are five "technical judges" who will evaluate the "technical score" on the spot according to the athletes' completion, and the sum of the three "technical scores" in the middle is the "technical score" of this action.

Another main component of trampoline routine is "difficulty score". The calculation of "difficulty score" is mainly determined by the number of flip cycles of the action. "Isn't the difficulty frame generated the same?" What is the truth? 6.5 points. When the world's top athletes are training, the "difficulty score" of the whole set of movements can reach about 17- 18.5. There was a difficulty score of 18.5 in the 2004 Canadian Championship. "Difficulty score" plus "skill score" is the final score of trampoline athletes in individual routines.

In the double trampoline competition, the "synchronization referee" will also evaluate the "synchronization score" of the routine according to the synchronization of the performance of the two athletes. The perfect score of "synchronization score" is 10, and the final score of a synchronization routine is "synchronization score" plus "technical score" and "difficulty score".

Gymnastics has become a special sports activity, especially competitive gymnastics, which has experienced a period of development and perfection.

Take the record of Olympic gymnastics competition as an example. 1 Athens Olympic Games, 1896, with pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, horizontal bar and climbing rope. But there is no floor exercise, only men's gymnastics competition.

In the subsequent Olympic Games, the gymnastics competition added fire stick gymnastics (later changed to light equipment gymnastics), Swedish gymnastics, European gymnastics and other gymnastics competitions. 1932 The floor exercise was added to the Los Angeles Olympic Games, which made competitive gymnastics take shape. 1 1 At the Berlin Olympic Games, the gymnastics competition really formed the current men's hexathlon; Men's gymnastics competition cancelled gymnastics competitions such as light instrument gymnastics, Swedish gymnastics and European gymnastics. The Olympic Games also set up women's gymnastics, but the perfection and finalization of women's gymnastics was completed in 17 Rome Olympic Games 1960.

Development of China

Trampoline started late in China. Trampoline was listed as an official project by the State Sports General Administration on 1997. In 2002, the national trampoline team was established. However, due to the good foundation of gymnastics, trampoline has developed very rapidly in China. In 2003, China won the first runner-up in the women's team in the World Championships. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, China trampoline athlete Huang Shanshan won the individual bronze medal. And won the men's and women's online team champion in the World Trampoline Championship in 2005. Now, the goal of the China trampoline team is to win the gold medal for the motherland at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. In Doha, training teams, accumulating competition experience and winning gold medals are the goals of China trampoline athletes.

Watch the game guide

Be there early for the game, and then leave after the game. Entering and leaving the venue should be orderly, not crowded, and respect the old and love the young.

Don't walk around during the game. It's best to walk around when the game is suspended or rested.

Don't make any noise in the venue, behave in a civilized manner, don't litter anywhere, and don't smoke.

When watching the game, the mobile phone should be turned off or set to vibrate and mute.

Learning the necessary competition knowledge depends not only on the graceful movements of athletes, but also on their movement techniques and styles. We should not only appreciate the superb skills of athletes, but also feel their tenacious style and inner quality. Not only cheer for domestic players, but also applaud foreign athletes. Be enthusiastic but not manic, be enthusiastic but not measured.

Athletes need to get rid of all distractions, calm down and concentrate all their energy on the action to be completed before doing the action. At this time, the audience should concentrate on watching, don't applaud, don't cheer, and don't shout the names of athletes.

Don't use flash when taking photos, because flash will distract athletes, affect their judgment of space height and time orientation, and may even cause mistakes or injuries in the game. Cheer loudly when the athletes are about to enter the stage, and applaud at the end of the athletes' actions. This is the proper and appropriate behavior.

Gymnastics is an event scored by the referee. When you think the referee is unfair, don't boo, don't be impulsive, and control your emotions. This unfairness may be just because you don't know enough about the rules, but encouraging athletes, understanding referees and continuing to watch the following games is the best choice.

After the game, please take the garbage out of the venue when you leave the venue.