Optimize what, establish a fertility support policy system, and reduce fertility.

Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward: "Optimize the population development strategy, establish a fertility support policy system, and reduce the cost of childbirth, parenting and education." The National Health and Wellness Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments 17 jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Further Perfecting and Implementing Positive Fertility Support Measures, demanding that the policy and supporting measures for a couple to have three children be thoroughly implemented, and that marriage, childbirth, parenting and education should be considered in an all-round way, and policies such as finance, taxation, insurance and education should be improved and implemented according to their capabilities.

Childbearing is a family event and a national event. Birth policy is an important part of public policy, which is related to the vital interests of thousands of families and the future of the country and the nation. Research shows that the high cost of childbirth, parenting and education is one of the important factors that affect the family's fertility desire at present. With the change of parenting style from extensive to refined, the family fertility behavior in China has experienced a change from "wanting to live but not living" to "being able to live but not wanting to live". Therefore, reducing the cost of childbirth, childcare and education, and trying to solve the problem of "not wanting to have children" have become the key measures to optimize the birth policy and improve the birth level.

To reduce the birth cost, we must improve the service level of prenatal and postnatal care and improve the maternity leave and treatment guarantee mechanism. It is necessary to improve the overall services of prenatal and postnatal health care. For example, strengthen the construction of high-quality obstetrics and comprehensively improve the conditions for hospital delivery; Improve the level of pre-marital health care, pre-pregnancy health care, prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis services; Expand the trial of labor analgesia, standardize the relevant diagnosis and treatment behavior, and improve the level of labor analgesia; Guide and promote medical institutions to provide targeted services for the masses and improve the level of infertility prevention and treatment. At the same time, improve the maternity leave system. Maternity leave (including extended maternity leave), paternity leave (nursing leave) and parental leave are the three pillars of maternity leave. According to the actual situation, all localities and departments should improve the reasonable sharing mechanism of holiday labor costs, clarify the responsibilities of all parties concerned, take practical and effective measures to protect the holiday welfare of employees, protect their reproductive rights and interests, and help employees balance their work and family relations.

To reduce the cost of child care, it is necessary to develop a universal care service system and build a fertility-friendly employment environment. "No one is in charge of children" is one of the outstanding difficulties generally reflected by the masses. The development of universal nursery service system is the basic project of positive fertility support measures, including increasing the supply of universal nursery service, reducing the operating cost of nursery institutions and improving the quality of nursery service. All localities and departments should be guided by meeting the needs of parents of infants and young children, make precise efforts from supply-side reform, accelerate the development of inclusive care service system, and reduce the time cost and economic cost of family parenting. At the same time, it is necessary to build a fertility-friendly employment environment. Employers can adopt flexible commuting, home office and other working methods to provide convenience for employees who need to send their children to and from school, take care of sick or at home children, and help employees solve their parenting difficulties; Establish a lounge and nursing room for pregnant women, and equip them with necessary maternal and child service facilities to better meet the needs of female employees during pregnancy and lactation.

To reduce the cost of education, we must strengthen the supply of high-quality educational resources and strengthen supporting measures such as housing and taxation. Strengthening the supply of high-quality education resources mainly includes measures such as improving the popularization and inclusiveness of preschool education and improving the balanced development level of compulsory education. We will improve the funding system for preschool education and effectively ensure that children from poor families receive inclusive preschool education. Optimize the structure of compulsory education to ensure that compulsory education degrees are mainly provided by public schools and purchased by the government. At the same time, speed up the improvement of the housing security system. Take care of families with many children in terms of security, leasing and public rental housing allocation, and strive to reduce the burden on families with many children. For example, improve the support measures for public rental housing to promote active childbearing. When allocating public rental housing, all localities can give appropriate care to eligible families with underage children according to the number of underage children.

Population development is a major event related to the development of the Chinese nation. It is hoped that all localities and departments will improve and implement positive fertility support measures, conform to people's expectations, meet people's diverse fertility needs, effectively solve people's worries about fertility, parenting and education, further release people's fertility potential, actively create a friendly social atmosphere for marriage and childbearing, and provide strong support for promoting long-term balanced population development.