Suggestions on garbage disposal in the construction of new countryside?

What are the specific contents of the suggestions on garbage disposal in the construction of new countryside? Here, Zhongda Consulting will answer your questions.

with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of living standards of rural people, the types and quantities of garbage in corresponding villages and towns are increasing, and there are more and more kinds of garbage that are difficult to decompose. In order to achieve the goal of new rural construction of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village capacity and democratic management", the effective and harmless treatment of rural garbage is particularly critical.

(1) Characteristics and hazards of rural garbage

1. There are 691,51 administrative villages in China, with a permanent population of about 5 million. If the amount of domestic garbage generated per person per day is .2 kg, the rural garbage generated every day is about 1, tons, and the annual domestic garbage is about 36.5 million tons, in addition to a considerable amount of industrial garbage and construction garbage. 2. In terms of composition, rural garbage is mainly plastic, fiber, waste paper, glass and kitchen garbage.

3. The pollution problem caused by rural domestic garbage not only affects the sustainable development of rural economy and the smooth construction of new countryside, but also seriously threatens the life and health of urban and rural residents.

a, causing serious damage to water resources

With the development of economy and the increase of China's total population, coupled with the characteristics of scattered living in rural areas, rural domestic garbage has become an important pollution source of the environment. Rural residents are highly dependent on washing powder and plastic products in their daily life, and a lot of pollution caused by these daily necessities can not be effectively treated and discharged. In addition, the recovery rate of waste in rural areas is extremely low, and the residual plastic film and plastic waste take a long time to degrade due to their natural conditions, which has a long-term impact on the environment. Therefore, the pollution caused by daily necessities will not be eradicated, and it will become a serious domestic wastewater if it is not handled in time or improperly. Domestic wastewater pollution accounts for 1/3 of rural environmental pollution, which is discharged into rivers and streams, causing serious damage to water resources. According to relevant data, 83, rural people have unsafe drinking water, accounting for 2.7% of the total.

b, there are hidden dangers of spreading diseases

Rural domestic garbage makes well water green and river water smelly, which makes the number of patients in rural areas soar in recent years. It is either a sudden heart attack or a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, and you often get some inexplicable strange diseases.

c, affecting the harmony between man and nature

Residents who used to live in rural market towns can often bathe and fish in the river ditch, and the water in the river is crystal clear; Although there is water in the river ditch now, it is full of all kinds of domestic garbage, glass bottles, dead animals, etc., and it smells pungent every summer or cloudy day. In the past, birds and flowers were everywhere in the countryside, and farm children could play at will and it was convenient to raise livestock. Now, due to the piles of garbage in many open spaces, farmers have to keep an eye on their children, fearing that innocent children will play with those seemingly beautiful but toxic garbage, and they have to turn free-range livestock into captive livestock, fearing that livestock will get sick or even die if they eat contaminated food at the garbage dump. At the same time, due to the increase of stinking ditches and open-air garbage dumps, in recent years, there are more and more pests such as flies and mosquitoes in rural areas, and the fields in some places have become the world of mosquitoes, which has seriously affected people's normal production and life.

D. The disposal method of transfer makes the government encounter legal difficulties

With the promulgation of the Property Law, the disposal method of domestic garbage in towns and counties all over the country has encountered legal difficulties. Chapter 7, Article 9 of the Property Law stipulates that "the owner of real estate shall not abandon solid waste in violation of state regulations and discharge harmful substances such as air pollutants, water pollutants, noise, light and electromagnetic wave radiation." Article 83 of the General Principles of the Civil Law stipulates: "The neighboring parties of real estate should correctly handle the neighboring relations in terms of water interception, drainage, traffic, ventilation and lighting in accordance with the spirit of facilitating production, facilitating life, solidarity and mutual assistance, and fairness and reasonableness. If it causes obstacles or losses to neighboring parties, it shall stop the infringement, remove the obstacles and compensate for the losses. " Article 85 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste also stipulates that "if solid waste causes environmental pollution, the harm shall be eliminated, the losses shall be compensated according to law, and measures shall be taken to restore the environment to its original state." According to these regulations, when building a landfill, a toilet, a cesspool, a sewage pool or stacking decayed materials, toxic substances, hazardous wastes, malodorous substances, garbage, etc., the neighboring party shall keep a certain distance from the land and living buildings owned or used by its neighbors, or take corresponding preventive measures to prevent air pollution. If it does not keep a certain distance from the adjacent real estate, or its pollution behavior has damaged its neighbors, it should be dealt with in time to eliminate the damage and obstacles, and measures should be taken to deal with it according to the relevant provisions of the Environmental Protection Law and other laws. Obviously, at present, the domestic garbage disposal methods in towns and counties around the country that have not even been landfilled have failed to meet the above requirements, infringing on the neighboring rights of farmers near the garbage dump. According to media reports, Dong Guoliang, a farmer in Huzhuang Village, Caoqiao Town, Wujin District, Changzhou City, has been smelling the stench of the garbage dump every day for 1 years because his residence and fields are near the garbage dump, and his own fields have also been polluted and his harvest is not good. Therefore, Changzhou municipal domestic garbage dump was brought to court on the grounds of adjacent damage. Environmental neighboring right is a legal concept based on the aggravation of environmental pollution and destruction and the realistic needs of people's pursuit of high-level living needs, which undoubtedly poses a new challenge to our government's ruling ability.

2. There are many reasons for the garbage pollution in villages and towns, but the main reasons are as follows:

1. The superior finance has no investment and the rural finance has no ability: At present, the investment in rural environmental protection is seriously lagging behind. In the construction of some hardware facilities, the grass-roots government's ability to provide public services such as environmental protection infrastructure is weak, and the construction of rural environmental protection infrastructure is generally in a blank state. Few towns and villages are equipped with specialized environmental protection agencies and teams, and environmental monitoring and environmental monitoring work has not yet covered the vast rural areas. The lack of environmental protection institutions makes the rural environment unattended, and the departments involved in environmental protection can only take a wait-and-see attitude towards environmental pollution because of lack of funds and manpower, and can only "help". For example, the collection system of domestic garbage is obviously not realistic by relying on the strength of the township itself and which village or town to do it. Villages and towns themselves do not have the ability to treat garbage, and only simple transfer treatment, or even burial, is carried out. Therefore, even if there are policies in the world, in desperation, the grassroots will often "have countermeasures."

2. Rural domestic waste and modern market consumption go hand in hand: In the past planned economy era, the countryside was a self-sufficient natural economy, and there was basically no entry of domestic consumer waste outside the countryside. With the comprehensive promotion of reform and opening up, the market dominates all aspects of rural production and living consumption. Consumer goods are mainly industrial products, and disposable goods are increasing rapidly. Because disposable packaged goods are cheap goods, rural areas with the largest number of poor groups have the widest consumer groups. Therefore, modern market consumption has brought more and more domestic garbage to rural areas.

3. Lack of responsibility for environmental protection in rural areas: the construction of new countryside attaches great importance to the problem of farmers' difficulty in seeing a doctor, but it seems that the protection of farmers' health and the improvement of rural environmental sanitation have not attracted enough attention. In fact, these are two sides of the same problem. If the environment is clean, the body will be healthier. If you are healthy, you can spend less on medical expenses. The direct impact of the lack of awareness of environmental protection in rural areas is the lack of environmental protection ability, which will aggravate the lack of farmers' awareness of environmental protection, which is a very serious interactive effect. Farmers are indifferent to the environmental protection of the place where they live. "Everyone cleans the snow in front of his own door, and never mind the frost on others' tiles." Clean up your home, spotless, but dump the garbage outside the house and no longer deal with it, making it stinky everywhere. The construction of new countryside is to accelerate the development of rural areas. However, "people" is the ultimate goal of development. If people's health and health are not properly guaranteed, development will lose its meaning and the construction of new countryside will lose its direction.

4. Absence of rural environmental protection measures: Due to the influence of the traditional urban-rural dual structure, the focus of environmental protection is often in cities, and rural areas are a vacuum area of environmental protection, and there is a serious lack of environmental management system and management measures, which is a typical disease in rural environmental management at present. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, once pointed out: "Almost all investment in pollution prevention and control in China is invested in industry and cities. However, there are still more than 3 million people in rural China who can't drink clean water, 15 million mu of cultivated land is polluted, 12 million tons of rural domestic garbage is piled up in the open air every year, and rural environmental protection facilities are almost zero. Obviously, the key to the problem of rural domestic waste pollution is the lag of environmental control measures: because rural environmental protection is a blind spot of environmental protection work, it is not only manifested in the lack of investment in rural environmental protection and infrastructure construction, but also makes the corresponding control measures lag behind, which can not fundamentally solve the root cause of environmental pollution.

iii. Suggestions on rural garbage collection and disposal

At present, the collection and disposal of rural domestic garbage is a long and complicated process, which requires the unified cooperation of governments at all levels, the formulation of relevant policies and standards, and the selection of appropriate garbage disposal methods, so as to change the current phenomenon of littering and create a good environment for the production and life of rural residents.

1. Strong supervision by government departments

The rural environmental protection work started late and the foundation is weak. In view of the problem of rural domestic waste treatment, the relevant legislation is still in the blank, and some relevant provisions in the current laws are not targeted and operable, which has caused certain difficulties in the treatment of rural domestic waste pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly legislate, establish relevant laws and regulations to control rural domestic waste pollution, especially reduce or prohibit the circulation of disposable goods, and further improve measures in supervision and punishment to avoid a legal vacuum in supervision. Under the existing supervision system, relevant departments should strengthen coordination and cooperation, earnestly shoulder their responsibilities, improve the supervision level, and severely punish the behavior of deliberately dumping garbage to pollute the rural environment and illegally circulating disposable goods, so as to make the illegal income less than the illegal cost and promote people's behavior consciousness. At the same time, in view of the characteristics that the treatment of rural domestic waste is a public good, it is necessary to make efforts from the institutional arrangement, establish a rural domestic waste treatment system, speed up the establishment of environmental protection institutions at all levels, and enhance the monitoring ability of environmental testing stations. It is necessary to explore the corresponding mechanism to ensure the smooth progress of rural ecological environment protection, and strive to overcome the possible "hitchhiking" behavior and related difficulties in environmental protection.

2, county and city guidance, township responsibility, village-level implementation-planning and coordinating the treatment of domestic garbage

The general collection and treatment procedures of rural garbage, the principle of determining the garbage dump sites, how big the village in Fiona Fang is, how many garbage dump sites there are, who is responsible, the source of funds for garbage disposal, etc., there should be a basic specification and requirement for such issues. With scientific planning, there is a guide to action; With the "guide", places with awareness and conditions can do it first according to the plan; If there are no conditions, we can gradually create conditions to do it. At the same time, scientifically regulating the treatment of domestic garbage and protecting the rural ecology to the maximum extent is not only related to the sustainable development of the ecological environment and economy, but also related to the safety of people's lives. "Once it develops into a situation where people's daily drinking water is difficult to guarantee, its reality is very terrible." The government should use economic means and relevant policies to guide enterprises and the masses to participate in the recycling of garbage resources, foster or help build waste recycling centers, increase the comprehensive utilization rate of garbage, and promote the recycling of garbage.

3. The government should increase investment and improve the basic facilities for environmental protection.

The rural environment should not only be paid attention to ideologically, but more importantly, it should be implemented in action, and the primary and fundamental problems in implementation are environmental protection capital investment and environmental facilities construction. As far as capital investment is concerned, because the financial debts of most towns and villages are very heavy, in the strategy of building a new countryside with "industry feeding agriculture and cities leading villages", the higher-level government will undoubtedly bear more responsibilities. Especially for the construction of environmental protection facilities, it is necessary to speed up the construction of relevant facilities for the operation and treatment of garbage dumps, and try to solve them on the spot as far as possible, so as not to expand the pollution sources. More importantly, it is necessary to root out the root causes, and we should not only focus on the immediate future, but also ignore the long term, otherwise it will cause endless harm.

4. Cultivate cadres and farmers' awareness of environmental protection through system and education

Due to insufficient attention and joint efforts of leaders at all levels, environmental publicity and education have not really penetrated into rural areas. Some cadres and the masses have low environmental awareness, weak awareness of environmental legal system and rights protection according to law, insufficient understanding of the environmental hazards caused by rural domestic waste pollution, and lack of necessary environmental knowledge for guidance in daily production and life, which makes it difficult to adapt to the needs of new rural construction. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of both leading cadres and the broad masses of peasants. To change the traditional concept of political achievements, it is necessary to establish the concept that economic development is political achievements and environmental protection is also political achievements, and to include environmental protection and economic development in the cadre assessment system and attach equal importance to them. In areas with serious environmental pollution, the principle of "one-vote veto" can be adopted to make leading cadres really pay attention to it in thought and action.

5. Rural domestic waste management involves a wide range and a large amount, and only mobilizing the masses to participate is the fundamental point:

It is suggested to sign a "three guarantees in front of the door" agreement with the villagers to ensure that their domestic waste can be put into the garbage bins set up in the village after sorting and collection, and stored separately; By signing agreements, contracting out to individuals and hiring cleaners, each village will make a daily settlement of the garbage piled up by villagers at designated points and transport it to the transfer station.

6. Intensify the publicity of rural garbage classification: The village has not given publicity to farmers on garbage classification according to the types of garbage, so as to urge farmers to classify their own garbage in the process of garbage delivery.

through the above measures or methods, the garbage disposal mode of "household sorting, village collection, town transshipment and county centralized treatment" will be formed, so as to achieve effective and harmless rural garbage disposal and lay a solid foundation for the smooth development of new rural construction.

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