What is the knowledge about bridges?

1. This bridge is an overhead man-made passage. It consists of superstructure, substructure and foundation. The superstructure includes bridge body and deck; The substructure includes piers and abutments; The foundation consists of open-cut foundation, pile foundation, caisson foundation, caisson foundation, pipe pile foundation and pile cap.

2. Main function: to solve the traffic problem across the river or valley with developers, so that vehicles or pedestrians can walk on the bridge unimpeded. Judging from its earliest or most important function, a bridge should refer to a road across the water.

3. The emergence of bridges: Before the emergence of artificial bridges, many natural bridge forms were formed in nature due to the influence of crustal movement or other natural phenomena.

For example, the Liang Shi Bridge across waterfalls in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province, the stone arch bridge (Xianren Bridge) in Guixi, Jiangxi Province, and the "single-plank bridge" formed by natural fallen tree trunks along the river or the natural "suspension bridge" formed by vines winding on both sides.

Extended data:

Bridges can be divided into five basic types according to their mechanical characteristics: beam bridge, arch bridge, rigid frame bridge, suspension bridge and composite system bridge (cable-stayed bridge).

Generally speaking, beam bridges are built in long-span and shallow water areas, and are composed of bridge columns and bridge slabs, and the weight of objects is transferred from the bridge slabs to the bridge columns.

Arch bridges are generally built on water with a small span, and the bridge body is arched. Generally, there are several bridge holes, which have the function of flood discharge. The weight in the middle of the bridge is transferred to the two ends of the bridge, and the two ends are transferred to the middle.

Suspension bridge is the most practical bridge today. This bridge can be built in a place with large span and deep water. It consists of bridge columns, steel cables and bridge decks. Early suspension bridges can withstand wind and rain and will not break. When the storm comes, the suspension bridge can basically stay still.

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