Talking about how to prevent and reduce the training injuries of officers and men in grass-roots fire squadrons.

It is very important for the physical and mental health of officers and soldiers and the safety of the team to take necessary preventive measures in the process of professional skills training of fire fighting forces, and it is also of great significance to the training activities and fire fighting and rescue operations of grass-roots squadrons. The newly revised "Fire Fighting and Rescue Business Training Program" standardizes the technical and tactical training methods and contents of fire fighting forces, and also makes normative requirements for training safety issues. However, during the training process, training injuries still occur from time to time, resulting in non-combat attrition, which not only slows down the overall training progress of the team, but also has a great impact on fire fighting duty and rescue work. First, the performance and types of training injuries. The training of fire forces has the characteristics of particularity, diversity and long-term. Technical, tactical and physical training involves many subjects with high intensity. Carelessness can easily lead to injury. It is particularly prominent that during the training process, the cumulative load of training exceeds the endurance limit of the body, which is the most common situation. According to the investigation of some experts, there are the following kinds of injuries in the daily training of fire squadrons: (1) Soft tissue injuries: abrasions, contusions, lacerations, cuts, penetrating injuries, blind pipe injuries, etc. (2) Muscle injury: muscle sprain, muscle contusion, muscle fracture or rupture, myositis ossificans, muscle spasm or myalgia, rotator cuff injury, lumbar sprain, lumbar muscle strain, etc. (3) Tendon injury: tendon rupture of biceps brachii, lateral epicondylitis of humerus (tennis elbow), tendon sheath cyst, bursitis, etc. (4) Joint injury: wrist or knee ligament injury, knee meniscus injury, joint dislocation, synovitis, hyperosteogeny, disc herniation, chronic low back pain, etc. (5) Fracture: closed or open fracture, incomplete or complete fracture, etc. (6) Multiple injuries: head injury, neck injury, chest injury, intra-abdominal injury, urogenital system injury, pelvic fracture, spinal fracture or dislocation, etc. Others: syncope, heatstroke, drowning, burns, frostbite, poisoning, etc. Second, in the training of injury factors, the following reasons are analyzed from objective factors and subjective factors: (1) objective reasons. The physical quality, mental state, height, bone density (osteoporosis), abnormal structure (flat feet, valgus knees) and fatigue of the trainees are the most direct reasons that may cause training injuries. In-depth analysis of injuries in training shows that four types of personnel are more serious: first, soldiers with poor physical fitness; Some soldiers seldom exercise before joining the army, and their physical fitness is poor. After joining the army, it is difficult to complete all the courses because of the high training intensity and fast pace. They managed to do it, the training intensity exceeded their endurance, and coupled with poor endurance, it was easy to form accumulated fatigue and injuries. Second, soldiers with uncoordinated physical qualities; These soldiers are often injured because of their different consciousness of self-protection and personal action, insufficient coordination of actions in training and lack of necessary self-protection in training. Third, soldiers with poor psychological quality; This kind of soldiers have high requirements for endurance, explosiveness and responsiveness. High-intensity physical training courses, especially the most common aerial work in fire forces, often produce fear and tension, produce psychological barriers, fail to play their due training level, and are prone to injuries. Fourth, introverted comrades; These comrades-in-arms are often embarrassed to show it after being injured, often holding it back, which leads to delayed treatment, and minor injuries lead to major injuries (2) Subjective reasons. First, it is influenced by environmental factors such as training venues, training equipment and personal equipment; In some underdeveloped areas, the performance of grass-roots squadrons is relatively outstanding. Due to the limitation of economic conditions, shortage of funds, nonstandard training venues and backward training equipment, the speed of equipment updating can't keep up with the training of grass-roots fire squadrons in the new situation and new period, and personal training equipment is just "something is there, nothing is there". The more serious this situation is, the greater the chance of injury in team training; Second, the formulation and implementation of the training plan is unscientific; In daily training, most grass-roots squadrons can arrange training scientifically and reasonably according to the training plan of their superiors because of their many training courses and high intensity. However, some grass-roots squadrons do not attach importance to or even ignore the importance of planned training and do not follow the step-by-step training method. There are phenomena such as "hard training but unfortunate training" and "training oppression" in training, which are easy to cause training injuries to some new comrades or beginners. Third, whether the plan is implemented according to procedures; The newly revised "Fire Fighting and Rescue Training Program for Public Security Fire Forces" is a programmatic document to standardize scientific training in the new period and situation, and it is also a guiding document for fire forces training. However, in some grass-roots squadrons, training can't really be carried out according to the rules, and some training projects still adopt the "old methods and local methods", which conflicts with the new requirements of training work under the new situation, affects the development of training work, and also lays hidden dangers for training; The fourth is the ability and quality of trainers; Most instructors are trained by grass-roots squadrons, and their abilities and qualities are not developed overnight. The uneven ability and quality of trainers also exists objectively. Whether the training course can be implemented as planned, whether the training is scientific, whether the training is gradual, and whether the training is guaranteed. , are closely related to the trainer's own ability, quality and job responsibilities. The ability, quality and job responsibilities of coaches are also one of the indirect factors that cause training injuries. Three. Preventive measures of training injury Training injury is a difficult problem that puzzles the training and development of fire forces, and it is also an important topic that grassroots cadres with troops are very concerned about. The existence of training injury directly affects the training work of grass-roots squadrons, damages the physical and mental health of officers and men, weakens the combat effectiveness of troops, and greatly hinders the improvement of training quality. On the contrary, scientific training can not only prevent and reduce training injuries, but also be the best way to improve the physical fitness and technical and tactical level of officers and men. So, how to effectively prevent and reduce training injuries? I think we should start from the following aspects: First, strengthen psychology and education to eliminate the bad psychology on the training ground. In order to help officers and men overcome the bad psychological factors in training, we should further strengthen psychological expansion training and improve the psychological quality of training. For soldiers with poor psychological quality, it is necessary to strengthen psychological adaptability training, approach actual combat as much as possible in terms of training intensity, difficulty and environmental adaptation, eliminate the fear and nervousness of officers and men, cultivate the character of keeping calm in times of crisis, adjust psychological tension by consciously relaxing body muscles and change the tense psychological state. Therefore, psychological education and psychological counseling should be carried out in time during training. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen education and guidance, so that officers and men can establish a sense of being prepared for danger in times of peace, do a good job in psychological prevention, and strengthen the education of common sense in preventing training injuries, so that soldiers can understand the basic structure of the human body and the parts prone to training injuries, master the laws of common training injuries in different seasons and at different times, the precursors of general training injuries and the first-aid measures after training injuries, and effectively carry out education in the training ground, infiltrating every link and every officer in training, and eliminating and overcoming bad psychology. The second is to arrange scientific training reasonably. It is also one of the effective measures to prevent training injury to master the law of human movement and arrange the amount of exercise reasonably. It is wrong for scientific training to stay only in words, and it should be seriously implemented in action. In all kinds of training, the changing trend of human load capacity is: at the beginning, the activity capacity of the body gradually rises, then reaches and maintains the highest level for a period of time, and finally gradually declines. According to this law, it is necessary to make a training plan scientifically, arrange the amount of exercise reasonably, arrange the training content as compact as possible, and the training time should not be too long. We should oppose the "fatigue war" and the operation of incompetent players to prevent injury accidents. First, the training plan must be scientific and reasonable. When making a training plan, we must proceed from reality, considering both the completion of training tasks and the necessary training time. It is necessary to ensure that all training contents are implemented and arranged reasonably according to the climate and seasonal characteristics. We should not only ensure the steady improvement of training quality, but also consider the physical and psychological endurance of fighting, and truly make scientific planning, flexible arrangement and strict training. The second is to insist on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Because of the great individual differences, it is impossible for everyone's training results to be at the same level, which determines that trainers must adjust their working ideas and explore training methods, so that top trainers can "eat enough" and low-level trainers can "keep up", train at different levels, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. The third is to adhere to gradual progress. Training should adhere to the principles of easy before difficult, simple before complicated, decomposed before coherent, lay a solid foundation, improve steadily, persist in overcoming impatience, and not arbitrarily increase the amount and difficulty of training. For example, strength training of upper and lower limbs and lumbosacral muscles can be organized separately; Endurance training and explosive training can be interspersed; Skills should be decomposed first and then coherent, paying attention to safety protection; After long-distance running, it is more suitable to do some sprints and arm stretching to improve the explosive force of muscles and avoid fatigue fractures. Facts have proved that only scientific training can effectively improve the training effect on the basis of ensuring training safety. The third is to fully prepare for training. Warm-up activities are the induction stage of each training process. Its main purpose is to make the muscles, joints, viscera, breathing and blood circulation of human body enter an excited state from a static state through various moderate fast, slow, strong and weak activities, strengthen the functional activities of various system organs, overcome physiological inertia and prepare for training. If you don't do warm-up activities, you will suffer from insufficient physical adaptability if you directly carry out intense operations with a large amount of exercise. So you must warm up before each training. There are many ways to prepare for activities, and organizers should do some special preparatory activities according to the training plan. For example, skills training should highlight the warm-up exercises of upper limbs and waist, and physical training should highlight the warm-up exercises of lower limbs and waist and abdominal muscles. The basic requirements of warm-up activities are to keep the whole body warm, to make all joints and muscles of the body fully active, and to make the nervous system excited. Such as some sports competitions or unarmed gymnastics. At the same time, you can also use physical and mental relaxation to adjust the participants' nervous psychology. If the officers and men are allowed to "roar", it will help to eliminate the waste gas in the chest, activate the mood, reduce the psychological pressure and improve the training quality. The fourth is to do a good job in safety protection during training. Protection and rescue is an indispensable safety measure in the training of fire forces, especially in physical fitness and skill training, and it is also a basic skill that officers and men should master. Safety protection can not only promote participants to master the essentials of action, prevent injury accidents, but also cultivate everyone's collectivism spirit. Strengthening safety protection is of great significance to speed up the mastery of action essentials, prevent sports injuries and improve training quality. Like other general training, there are many safety protection methods in fire fighting force training. Trainers should choose effective methods according to the characteristics and dangers of the trainees. The commonly used methods in training mainly include protecting others and self-protection. The protection of others law is mainly a method to protect the operator from danger according to the actual situation when the operator may encounter danger in training. For example, in the process of single parallel bars training, when the operator falls off the bar, the protector should come forward in time to protect it from falling. Self-protection is a way for operators to get rid of danger according to the actual situation when they encounter danger in training. The training content of fire fighting forces is wide and the movements are difficult, including climbing, running, jumping and crossing. And sometimes the protective facilities are poor. In case of danger, it is very difficult to rely entirely on the protection of others. Therefore, trainers should especially strengthen the cultivation of subordinates' self-protection ability in peacetime, and rely on self-protection methods to get rid of dangers and prevent accidents. There are many methods of self-protection, and the commonly used ones are mainly bending arms, knees, bending, rolling, turning and so on. For example, when the operator falls off the board, he should change his body posture in time and turn over when his body touches the ground to reduce the impact on his body. Although protection and help have different meanings, they are closely related in actual training. Reliable protection can enhance the operator's confidence and sense of security, so as to concentrate on the operation. In a sense, help is also a reliable protection, helping the operator to complete the operation smoothly. When acting as a protector, the protector must be highly focused and carefully observed, and must not be careless. When necessary, emergency measures should be taken actively and decisively to prevent training accidents. Fifth, we should pay attention to arranging the finishing activities after training. It is essential for soldiers to relax after training. Trainers should arrange the finishing activities after training in time according to the characteristics that soldiers are easy to get tired. The so-called finishing activities, also known as relaxation exercises. It is a measure to restore and improve human working ability. It mainly includes some breathing movements and slow whole body activities. It is required that the amount of exercise should not be too large, and it must be changed from small to large, so that the muscles of the whole body can be relaxed as much as possible and the body gradually returns to normal. Commonly used methods are: after exercise, jogging, self-massage, stepping on the other side for massage, etc. If the relaxation after training is neglected, for some soldiers, after strenuous exercise, it is easy to cause long-term leg pain and muscle soreness, which lays a hidden danger for muscle strain and creates obstacles for the next training. For example, after long-distance running training, all parts of the body are fully relaxed and in an open and excited state. If you suddenly calm down and don't relax in time, it is easy to make your body in a state of long-term tension, and muscle contraction is an important reason for varicose veins or muscle spasms. You can take methods such as pinching, kneading and massage to relax all parts of your body. On-the-job training activities of fire fighting forces pay attention to highlighting the whole staff and effectiveness. Effectively preventing and reducing training injuries will undoubtedly play a positive role in the smooth development of duty post training activities. When organizing all kinds of training, grass-roots commanders should seriously grasp the key links in training, apply scientific methods, physical exercise, health and other disciplines to training, and combine human kinematics to minimize the harm caused by training, ensure the integrity of training, and achieve the purpose of improving training quality and enhancing fire fighting and rescue capabilities. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2