Some common English words about F 1 motor sports.

Analysis:

Aerodynamics: The study of air flow characteristics above and around objects plays an extremely important role in the design of F 1.

Vertex (bending center): the midpoint of the turning line of the car, to which the driver points the car when entering the corner.

Appeal: the action taken by the team against the race officials because they thought the drivers had been unfairly punished.

Ballast: the fixed weight in a racing car, which is used to keep the balance of the racing car to the maximum extent and make the racing car meet the minimum weight regulations.

Side panel: a part of the car body, which is vertically placed between the front wheel and the side box to make the air flow through the two sides of the car smooth.

Blister: the result of overheating of a tire or a part of a tire. Overheating will soften the rubber and lumps on the tire surface. Blister may be caused by improper selection of tire formula (such as using too soft formula), high tire pressure or improper * * *.

Body: carbon fiber part of integrated frame, such as hood, cockpit top, nasal vertebrae, etc.

Touchdown: the car body is severely compressed, and the car chassis hits the track surface, reaching the bottom of the suspension stroke.

Brake balance: a switch in the cockpit, which is used to adjust the distribution of braking force between the front and rear wheels according to the driver's wishes.

Chassis: The main parts of a racing car, the engine and suspension system are all mounted on the chassis.

Sharp turn: a group of sharp turns with alternating directions, usually used to slow down the vehicles on the track, usually modified from the previous high-speed turns.

Clean air: the air conditions are stable and not turbulent, providing the best aerodynamic environment, which is usually possible for the first car.

Cockpit: the area on the chassis that accommodates the driver.

Rubber compound: the main factor that determines tire performance. The ideal tire formula should not only provide grip as much as possible, but also maintain durability. The typical formula of F 1 tire contains 10, such as rubber, polymer, sulfur, carbon black, oil and other chemicals. And each component includes a large number of derivatives to increase or decrease the degree of a certain aspect. A small formula change will affect the whole performance.

Diffuser: the part of the vehicle at the rear of the bottom where the airflow leaves. The design of diffuser is very important because it controls the speed of air outflow. The faster the outflow speed, the smaller the air pressure under the vehicle, so the vehicle can obtain greater downforce.

Downforce: Downforce generated by aerodynamics when Xiangqian Che is driving. This will help to improve the traction and handling of the vehicle when turning.

Drag: aerodynamic drag when the vehicle is moving forward.

Free-to-get-off penalty: arbitration penalty during the competition. Drivers must enter the pit, pass at the speed limited by the pit, and then return to the race without stopping.

Tire puncture point: a certain area in the tire is seriously worn due to sudden braking or side slip. This will damage the handling of the vehicle and often lead to serious body vibration, which may force the driver to change the tires at the maintenance station.

Formation circle: one lap before the start of the race, the cars start from the starting parking space and circle the track, and are rearranged in their respective starting parking spaces to prepare for the official start of the race.

Gravity: A physical force that is equivalent to several times the unit of gravity due to the rapid change of direction or speed. The driver will bear a strong G force when turning, accelerating or decelerating.

Gravel trap: an area composed of gravel, designed outside the curve to prevent the car from rushing off the track.

Grip: an index to measure the traction of a vehicle, which will affect the difficulty of turning control.

Installation ring: a lap after arriving at the track to test some basic functions such as throttle, braking and steering. The vehicle drove directly into the maintenance area without crossing the finish line.

Intermediate tire: it has more grooves and patterns than dry tire, but less than wet tire, and can be used under mixed conditions.

Jump start: start from the starting parking space before the five red lights go out. The sensor will detect this movement and will be punished for stealing.

Left foot braking: a very popular braking method in the 1990s. Due to the appearance of manual clutch, the driver can let his right foot only step on the accelerator and his left foot only step on the brake.

Lollipop (stop sign board): The sign on the stick in front of the car when the car stops, which is used to tell the driver that he should brake and remind the driver to prepare to input 1 when the car descends from the jack.

Master of ceremonies (track staff): the staff responsible for checking the safety of the race on the track. Matthew usually plays several roles, including paying attention to the audience to ensure that they will not cause danger to drivers and firefighters in the race, removing cars parked on the track and waving various flags to inform drivers of the track situation.

Monolithic structure: a single frame, in which the cockpit is placed, the engine is fixed at the rear, and the front suspension is arranged at both sides.

Oversteer: When the driver turns to the bending center, the vehicle will "flick its tail". This usually requires reverse locking to correct.

Paddle: the lever at the back of the steering wheel, which is used by the driver to shift gears up and down.

Paddock (paddock): A limited area behind the maintenance area for the motorcade to place transportation equipment and temporary bases, which is not open to the public.

Parc ferme: an isolated area where vehicles will be driven after qualifying and official races. Team members are not allowed to touch cars unless under the strict supervision of competition officials.

Pit stop board: A board rising from the outer wall of pit stop to tell drivers the time before and after the race position and distance.

Pit wall: the place where team owners, managers and engineers stay during the race, usually under the ceiling to prevent the monitoring instruments from being wet or exposed to the sun.

Maintenance area: An area on the track separated by a retaining wall and a straight starting line. Vehicles come here to change tires, refuel, or change in practice. Each team's cars are parked in their respective areas.

Plank: A hard board (also called anti-skid block) placed in the middle position (front to back) at the bottom of each racing car, which is used to check whether the vehicle chassis is too low. If the board is excessively worn, it can be clearly seen from the appearance.

Pole position (pole position/starting): the first person to start, awarded to the fastest driver in qualifying.

Exercise: On Friday and Saturday mornings of Grand Prix Week, drivers will go to the track to find suitable settings for their cars and prepare for qualifying and official races.

Qualifiers: On Saturday, drivers can finish as soon as possible. This result determines the starting order of the official qualifying. The fastest driver in the qualifying preliminaries will be the last to start in the official qualifying.

Protest (* * * *): The action taken by the team when it thinks that other teams or competitors have violated the rules.

Qualifiers: On Saturdays and Sundays, drivers are allowed to work alone for as long as possible. The fastest driver in the preliminaries started last. The fastest driver in qualifying got pole position.

Reconnaissance circle: the circle from the pit to the parking space. Drivers can run a few more laps, but they have to go through the pits because the track is crowded with team workers at this time.

Withdrawal: The car had to withdraw from the race due to an accident or mechanical failure.

Ride height: the height between the track surface and the floor.

Safety car: guided car. If the car needs to slow down during the race, the safety car will be taken out of the pit and guided forward in front of all the cars.

Inspection: the official technical inspection of the car to ensure that there is no violation of the rules.

Shakedown: A short test with different components for the first time. The driver didn't make 100% effort to create the fastest lap.

Sidepod: it is located on both sides of the single body, extending to the tail wing next to the driver, and there is a radiator inside.

Slipstream (Wake/slingshot effect): A driving strategy in which the driver closely follows the preceding car, at which time the resistance will be reduced and the car will be pulled out before the next corner, hopefully reaching a higher speed, thus overtaking like a slingshot.

Spare car: an extra car, sometimes two, prepared by each team for the game. Used when the car is damaged and cannot be repaired in time, also known as model T.

Splash and dash (): At the end of the race, the driver enters the pit and only refuels to make sure he can finish the race.

Flight attendant: One of the three senior officials appointed in each grand prix, who is responsible for making various decisions.

Stop-and-go penalty (penalty stop 10 second): A penalty, the driver must stop at the pit 10 second, during which he cannot refuel or change tires.

Tear strip: the transparent plastic film on the driver's helmet. Glue it before the game starts, and when it gets dirty, you can tear off a layer.

Telemetry: A system that transmits data related to the engine and chassis to the fleet computer, so that the engineers of the fleet can monitor the condition of the vehicles accordingly.

Traction: A measure that a vehicle transfers power to the track surface to propel the vehicle forward.

Traction control: A computer control system used to detect whether the driving wheel of a vehicle loses traction, that is, whether it slips. And let the wheels get as much traction as possible to effectively get more power.

Turbulence: the flow path is blocked, and the airflow is broken. For example, when the airflow meets the tail, the horizontal airflow is disturbed.

Tire compound: the mixture of various rubbers in the tire manufacturing process. Range from soft, medium to hard. Each offers different performance and wear characteristics.

Tire heater: an electronic blanket that wraps the tire before it is loaded on the car, so that the tire can approach the ideal working temperature when it starts.

Understeering: the front wheel of the car is limited in turning, and the driver tries to point to the bending center but stay away.

Undertray: the independent floor is connected with the bottom of the load-bearing car body by bolts.