How to solve the problem of American phonetic symbols and American English word pronunciation?

The first step in learning English is to learn pronunciation. There are 26 letters in American English, of which the letters a, e, i, o, and u are vowels, and the remaining 21 are consonants. The letter y is sometimes used as a vowel. Each letter can have one or more pronunciations. Therefore, American English has 50 phonemes. The written form of phonemes is a phonetic letter, that is, a phonetic symbol. A phonetic letter is a phonetic symbol, which represents a phoneme. . To learn phonetic symbols, you must first learn the pronunciation organs, including the nasal cavity, upper palate, soft palate, oral cavity, tongue (end of tongue, front of tongue, middle of tongue, back of tongue), vocal cords, upper gums, upper lip, upper teeth, lower teeth and lower lip, etc.

The first group of KK phonetic symbols: /i ? p b t d/

/i/ Long vowel, the corners of the mouth are slightly open, the gums are close together, and the lips are stretched to both sides, showing a flat shape . The vowel letter e is pronounced as /i/ in the stressed open syllable, and in the stressed opposite open syllable.

/?/ For short vowels, the lips are slightly open, the gums are half-closed, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised, slightly lower than the long vowel /i/, and the lips are flat. Emits from the back of the mouth.

/p/ The lips are tightly closed and then suddenly opened, allowing the air to rush out of the mouth and making a plosive sound without vibrating the vocal cords.

/b/ The lips are tightly closed, and then suddenly opened, allowing the air to rush out of the mouth, making a plosive sound, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/t/ The tip of the tongue presses against the upper gums, and then bounces off the tip of the tongue. Air flows out of the mouth, but the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/d/ The tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, and then flicked away. The airflow is ejected from the mouth, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

Pinyin practice. pea pea bee eat eat bit bite beat tip tip deep

The second group of KK phonetic symbols. / k g f v/

/?/ The lips are flat, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is slightly raised, slightly lower than /?/.

/?/ The mouth is wide open, the lips are stretched to both sides in a flat shape, and the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth. This sound is commonly known as butterfly sound.

/k/ The back of the tongue presses against the soft palate, and then suddenly leaves, letting the air out, like a cough, but the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/g/ The back of the tongue presses against the soft palate, and then suddenly leaves to let the air out, but the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/f/ The upper teeth lightly touch the lower lip, and the airflow passes between the lips and teeth, causing friction and the vocal cords do not vibrate. If the upper teeth are pressed tightly against the lower lip, the airflow will be blocked and friction will not be formed, so the sound cannot be made.

/v/ The upper teeth lightly touch the lower lip, and the airflow passes between the lips and teeth, causing friction, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

Pinyin practice: egg egg get arrive fat fat bag bag, bag key key, key kid child big big give give fact fact feet foot

KK phonetic symbol group 3: / ɑ ɑ ? s z θ ?/

/ɑ/ is a long vowel, the mouth is open, the mouth is wide, the tongue is flat, the tongue tip is away from the lower teeth, and the mandible is drooping.

/ɑ/ is a short vowel, the mouth is open, the mouth is wide, the tongue is retracted, and the lips are rounded.

/?/ Long vowels, the lips are small round and protrude forward, and the tongue is retracted.

/s/ The lips are slightly open, the tongue is relaxed naturally, the air is sent out between the teeth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/z/ The lips are slightly open, the tongue is relaxed naturally, the airflow is sent out between the teeth, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/θ/ The tip of the tongue is slightly extended, the upper and lower teeth gently bite the tip of the tongue, and the air is supplied without vibrating the vocal cords. If the upper and lower teeth bite the tip of the tongue tightly, the airflow will not be able to come out of the gap, and the sound will not be pronounced.

/?/ The tip of the tongue is slightly extended, the upper and lower teeth gently bite the tip of the tongue, and the vocal cords need to vibrate while blowing air.

Pinyin practice car car art art sort category talk talk fond favorite best best zest passion bath bath thought think than compare

KK phonetic symbol group 4: / ? h l r/

/?/ For short vowels, the lips are stretched flat to both sides, the tip of the tongue is away from the lower teeth, and the middle of the tongue is slightly raised.

/?/ Long vowels, flat lips, slightly open upper and lower teeth, the tip of the tongue rolled up toward the gums, and the middle of the tongue raised.

/?/ For short vowels, the lips are slightly open, the tongue is flat, the middle of the tongue is raised, and the mouth is naturally relaxed to produce the sound.

/h/ Open your lips naturally, exhale naturally, and the vocal cords do not vibrate. This sound only appears before vowels.

/l/ The tip of the tongue presses against the upper gums and bends slightly with force. The airflow is sent from the side of the tongue and the vocal cords vibrate.

/r/ The tip of the tongue is curled upward, the lips are slightly protruded, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Pinyin practice: color color lucky girl first forget forget dollar dollar have love love little small bread

KK phonetic symbol group 5: /u ? m n ?/

/u/ has a long vowel, the mouth shape is small and round, protruding outward, and the tongue should be retracted.

/?/ For short vowels, the mouth is open and slightly protruding forward, and the lips are rounded and slightly relaxed.

/m/ The lips are closed tightly, the tongue is flat, the air is sent out from the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords vibrate.

/n/ The lips are slightly open, the tip of the tongue touches the gums, the air comes out of the nostrils, and the vocal cords vibrate.

/?/ The lips are open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower gums, and the back of the tongue is naturally pushed upwards. The airflow is sent out from the nasal cavity and the vocal cords vibrate.

Pinyin practice: good could move spoon medicine spoon money room room need thin morning morning

KK phonetic symbol group six: /e o a ? t? d ?/

/e/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and /?/, which are heavier in the front and lighter in the back. The shape of the mouth changes from half-open to half-closed. , the vowel letter a is pronounced as /e/ when the stressed open syllable is stressed, and when the stressed relative open syllable is stressed.

/o/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and /?/. Its pronunciation also has a range of motion. The shape of the mouth changes from half-open to half-closed, and the vowel letter o is stressed. For open syllables, the stress is pronounced relative to /o/ in open syllables.

/a?/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /a/ and /?/, which are heavier in the front and lighter in the back. The mouth shape changes from fully open to semi-closed, and the vowel letter i is stressed. For open syllables, the stress is pronounced /a?/ relative to the open syllables.

/?/ The lips are separated and slightly trumpet-shaped, the tip of the tongue is raised behind the upper gums, the tip of the tongue is close to the upper gums, air is supplied, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/?/ The lips are separated and slightly trumpet-shaped. The tip of the tongue is raised behind the upper gums. The tip of the tongue is close to the upper gums. When air is supplied, the vocal cords need to vibrate. This sound comes from French.

/t?/ The lips are separated, slightly tilted outward, in the shape of a trumpet, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, and the vocal cords do not vibrate when exhaling forcefully.

/d?/The lips are separated, slightly tilted outwards, in a trumpet shape, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, and the vocal cords need to vibrate when exhaling forcefully.

Pinyin exercises: same same late late show show life life flash flash pleasure pleasant charm charm change change job work joke joke

KK phonetic symbol group 7: /a ts dz tr dr/

/a?/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /a/ and /?/, which are heavy in the front and light in the back, and the mouth shape changes from fully open to semi-closed.

/?/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and /?/, which are heavier in the front and lighter in the back. The lips change from round to flat, and the mouth shape changes from half-open to half-closed.

/ts/ The tip of the tongue presses against the upper gums, blocking the airflow. The airflow is sent out between the tip of the tongue and the gums, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/dz/ The tip of the tongue presses against the upper gums, blocking the airflow. The airflow is sent out between the tip of the tongue and the gums, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/tr/ The lips are rounded and protruded forward, the tip of the tongue is upturned and attached to the back of the upper gums. The tongue body is similar to /r/, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/dr/ The lips are rounded and protruded forward, the tip of the tongue is upturned and attached to the back of the upper gums. The body of the tongue is similar to /r/, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

Pinyin practice: house house shout shout joy joy noise noise train train try dry dry dream dream seats seats reads reading

KK phonetic alphabet group 8: /?r ?r ? r or hw w j/

/?r/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds: /?/ and retroflex /r/, with the lips half closed to half open.

/?r/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and retroflex /r/. The tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, and the lips are opened from more than half to slightly less than half. On, the sound /?/ is between /?/ and /?/.

/?r/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds: /?/ and retroflex /r/. The lips range from round to flat and natural, from half-closed to half-open.

/or/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds: a back vowel and retroflex /r/. The lips range from round to flat and natural.

/hw/ The lips are slightly rounded, the back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate, the mouth slowly slides open to both sides, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/w/ The lips are slightly rounded and protruded forward, the back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate, the mouth slowly slides open to both sides, and the vocal cords vibrate.

/j/ The lips are stretched to both sides in a flat shape, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Pinyin practice: dear dear beer beer care care share ***ensure sure your your year young young wait wait watch watch

The pronunciation guide refers to the United States English pronunciation rules, the biggest feature of American English is that the spelling and pronunciation are consistent. For example, brother is spelled with a letter r, so the pronunciation of the letter r must be pronounced. Another example is fast, which is a stressed closed syllable, so the letter a must be pronounced with its short sound. Another example is clerk. In American English, pronounce it according to the pronunciation rules of stressing the er in the r syllable, and pay attention to the retroflexion.

1. English syllables can be divided into three types: open syllables, closed syllables and r syllables. Open syllables can be divided into absolutely open syllables and relatively open syllables.

Absolute open syllable - the vowel letter is the last letter in the syllable. If the syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter will become a long vowel.

a ? April April agent agent station station nation country invitation invitation relationship relationship baby baby lady lady lazy

e ? me I be he he she she ye this, that (Old English definite article) we we

i I I pie send die die lie lie?tie tie

o ? go go no no

u ? mu Greek letter μ nu Greek letter ν Sue Su blue blue glue glue

y ? sky fly fly dry spy spy shy cry my mine

relative Open syllable - a vowel letter is followed by a consonant letter and a silent vowel letter e. If the syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter will become a long vowel.

a-e ?cape cloak, cape name name tape tape age age sage sage

e-e ?these these

i-e ? bite bite five five kite kite

o-e ?rose rising nose nose rope thick rope note note

u-e ?tube test tube cube June June (note that the long sound of u is /ju/, but u is after the middle sound on the tip of the tongue To pronounce /u/)

y type typing

Closed syllable - the vowel letter is followed by one or several consonant letters. If this syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel The letters are pronounced as short vowels.

a ?mat mat map map bag bag cat cat fan fan hat hat bat racket apple apple pal partner wax national nationality nationality algebra algebra ?album album value value

e ?egg egg well well red red hen hen pen pen bed bed bell bell

i ? lick lick six six bib bib pig pig pin pin kiss kiss ink ink hill hills

< p>o ?ox bull on...octopus octopus box box socks socks operate operate, operate ostrich ostrich

u ?sun sun umbrella bus bus gun gun nut walnut uncle uncle, uncle, uncle under under...

r syllable - the vowel letter is followed by the letter r. When this syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter will be pronounced as a retroflex long vowel.

or porch porch pork horse horse horn horn fort breakwater morning corn corn fork fork

ar arm arm armchair armchair car car card card cart two-wheeled carriage farm farm park park garden garden

ur turtle surf turkey turkey turkey fur fur hurt pain purse nurse

er mermaid mermaid

ir birthday birthday circus circus dirty dirty dirt bird bird circle round girl girl, daughter

The vowels should be weakened in unstressed syllables, but when o is in an unstressed syllable at the end of a word, it is not weakened and still reads /o/.

y rainy sunny sunny puppy pony pony baby baby happy happy

The vowels in the unstressed r syllable are weakened into weak retroflexes sound.

er ?sister sister brother brother under...under rooster rooster winter winter marker marker mother mother

A vowel letter (combination) that represents a syllable and another vowel letter ( If there is a consonant letter between the combination), and the consonant letter is assigned to the next syllable, the first syllable will be the stressed open syllable, and the vowel letter will have its long sound. Such as student, open means open.

If the consonant letter between the two vowel letters (combination) representing a syllable is v, v is generally classified as the first syllable, and the first syllable is a stressed closed syllable, and the vowel letter is pronounced Short tone.

The same is true for some monosyllabic words ending in vowel +ve. For example: seven seven clever live give give have have

The vowels in stressed syllables ending with -dy, -ty or -ry are also pronounced as short sounds. Such as: study, city, body, very, etc.

If there are two or more consonants between the vowel letters (combinations) representing a syllable, the first consonant letter is classified as a stressed syllable, so the syllable is a closed syllable and the vowel The letters are pronounced with short sounds: yellow, the under of yellow is under...

The stressed syllable of multi-syllable words is generally the third to last, and there are several consonants in the middle of the vowels regardless of the stressed syllable or the unstressed syllable. Letters and stressed syllables must have at least one consonant letter, so the stressed syllables of polysyllabic words are generally closed syllables, and the vowel letters are pronounced as short sounds. For example: American, holiday, family, interesting, interesting

Some polysyllabic words not only have stressed syllables, but also have sub-stressed syllables. The syllables are generally classified as closed syllables, and the sub-stressed closed syllables are The pronunciation of vowels is generally weaker than the pronunciation of vowels in stressed syllables, but louder than the pronunciation of unstressed syllables, making it the second strongest sound in this word. For example: competition competition television

u in stressed syllables usually has a long vowel sound, which is an open syllable for stress: university funeral student

Words ending with -tion, The stress falls on the syllables before -tion, such as: mention mentions information information

There are also some special pronunciations:

a after w: watch watch swamp wetland quantity quality quality what what

a any any many Mary Mary vary

Next are the pronunciations of some vowel letter combinations.

ai tail tail rain rain paint paint pain pain jail jail nail nail rail maid servant

ai chair? chair pair a pair, a pair said

ai aisle aisle

ai fountain pool mountain mountain curtain curtain certain determine

ai Taipei Taipei Taiwanese Taiwanese, Taiwanese, Taiwanese

ay bay bay ray ray way road say say hay hay pay pay May lay put

ay says say

ay Friday Friday Sunday Sunday

ee reeds reed eel eel bee bee peel skin jeep jeep feel feel see see teeth teeth

ea sea sea meat peanut walnut peach peach eagle eagle leaf leaf pea pea

ey key key

oa road toast toast toad coal goat goat boat coat soap soap

ow rainbow rainbow pillow pillow yellow yellow window window hollow hollow bowl bowl row row low

< p>ui suit suitable for juice fruit

au August sauce sauce sausage naughty naughty applause

aw paw draw draw saw saw, see straw straw strawberry strawberry lawn lawn?

oo moon moon zoo zoo roof roof rooster rooster boots food spoon medicine spoon room room

oo book: book cookie cookie woods forest wool wool hook hook look look foot foot cook chef

ea head head sweater sweat sweat pear pear lead lead bear bear leather fur

al call tall fall autumn ball ball wall wall

al half half calf calf salmon

al palm palm calm calm

ew dew dew few almost no view view hew chop new new nephew nephew newspaper newspaper

The pronunciation of English consonant letters is more regular than that of vowel letters and is basically fixed. Some consonant letter combinations also have fixed pronunciations, such as ch, sh, th, ph, and wh.

In some consonant letter combinations, the consonants are silent, such as:

b bed bed book bench bench box banana banana body body boy boy

d desk desk doctor doctor deer deer duck duck doll doll door door dog dog, male dog dancer dancer, dancer

f food food family family four foot five five fence fence fork fork father father

h hat hat hen hen head home hand hand hammer hammer house house horse

j jewel jewelry jam jam jacket jacket juice juice jump jump jelly jelly jeep jeep jar jar

k kite kite kiss kiss key key, key king king kangaroo kangaroo kitchen kitchen kettle kettle kick

l leg leg lake leaf leaf lion lion lemon lemon live live lips light light

m monkey monkey moon moon milk milk map map mask mother mouth man man

n net nose nose nest number nail nail neck neck nurse nurse napkin napkin

< p>p pants pants park park pig pig pencil pencil pink pink path path pear pear pen pen

qu question question quarrel quarrel quilt quilt quiet quiet queen queen quarter

< p>r rope rock rock rainbow rose rose rose ring ring rug rug rooster rooster rabbit rabbit

s sun sun sofa silver silver sink sink, sink sign mark soap soap six six seven seven

t towel towel teacher teacher tie table table toe toe tea tea two ten

v vase vase veil veil violin violin van van vomit vomit vest vest village village

v p>

w wall wall window Windows Windows operating system Walkman wind watch word word wash wash woman woman

x ax ax X-ray X-ray box box (x is at the beginning of the word , sometimes pronounced /z/, such as yam yam yellow yellow yoyo yo-yo

z zero zero zoo zoo zebra zebra zipper zipper

ch beach seaside lunch lunch cheese cheese bench bench church church chicken chicken chair

chair cherry cherry

sh sheep sheep shirt shirt ship boat fish fish dish plate push push shoes shoes shovel shovel

wh whale whale white white wheel wheelchair wheelchair wheat wheat whip whip whistle whistle whisper whisper

th brother brother feather feather leather father father mother mother

th thumb thumb three three bathmat bathroom floor mat thirsty thief thief bath bathtub mouth mouth teeth teeth

th p>

ph photo photo elephant elephant telephone telephone trophy trophy pharmacy pharmacy alphabet alphabet

However, the etymology of English single words is complicated, and the pronunciation sometimes retains the pronunciation of the original etymology. It is not a simple rule. solved. For example, in the following group of words, o must be pronounced as a long vowel in the stressed closed syllable.

only both roll, roll don't won't comb hair

The following words o are in stressed closed syllables or stressed relative open syllables, It should be pronounced as a short vowel /?/.

other other another mother mother brother brother nothing son son ton won won, won monk monk among... between the three or more cover cover

dove pigeon come come become some some sponge sponge

c is sometimes pronounced irregularly, such as: indict prosecution, soccer English football, Celt Celtic, cello cello, baccy tobacco, caecitis appendicitis, facade front.

As long as you study hard, you will be able to learn English well. Hope I can help you.