Illustration of City Street View —— How to depict a popular city street view in the Riverside Map of Qingming Festival

Van Gogh19th century famous painting "Street View of Montmartre" will be auctioned. What are the characteristics of this painting? According to relevant media reports, the famous impressionist painter Van Gogh's Street View of Montmartre, created in 1887, will be exhibited and auctioned, and relevant teams will conduct online auctions in Paris, new york and Hongkong through video.

Due to the rarity of this series of paintings, the professional appraisal is about 5 million to 8 million euros.

It is understood that this painting was owned by a French collector's family in 1920 and has never been publicly exhibited since. This is the first public appearance of this painting.

This painting depicts the scenery of windmills and mills in Montmartre, Paris, France.

It is understood that Van Gogh went to Paris in the spring of 1887. Although he only stayed for two short years, these two years were also his important creative period. During this period, he painted the legendary Montmartre series, and then this painting was collected by the collector's family and lasted for a century.

Relevant persons introduced:

When we first saw this painting, we were instantly attracted. A French family has treasured this painting for a hundred years, and now we are deeply honored to introduce it to the world. Most of Van Gogh's paintings in Montmartre are collected by top museums around the world, and only a few are still in private hands. Palace-level works from this classic series are now on the market, which is undoubtedly a story in the art world and a rare opportunity for collectors and art connoisseurs of Van Gogh's works.

1887 In Montmartre, Paris, old mills and song and dance shops can be seen everywhere. It is this unique atmosphere of rural pastoral and urban scenery that attracts many people, including Van Gogh. This strange city attracts Van Gogh to explore life and broaden his horizons, and also allows him to exchange ideas with other impressionist painters and avant-garde art pioneers for the first time. These wonderful encounters ignited his creative inspiration, so the color of his early paintings was single and dull. After this time, Van Gogh gradually became fond of bright colors, so this period of life was the growth period of Van Gogh's creative career and laid the foundation for his mature and outstanding painting style.

How to describe the Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival The Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival is composed of a rainbow bridge and the street surface of Qiaotou Street, and it is one of the popular city streetscapes. At first glance, it is crowded and chaotic; Take a closer look, these people are people from different industries and engaged in various activities. There are some vendors and many tourists on the west side of the bridge. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the booth. There are tea sellers and fortune tellers. Many tourists lean against the railing by the bridge, or point to the railing, or watch the ships coming and going in the river. On the sidewalk in the middle of the bridge, there are bustling people; Some people ride cars, ride horses, carry loads, drive donkeys and transport goods, and others push unicycle. The south side of the bridge connects with the street. On both sides of the street are teahouses, pubs, pawn shops and workshops. There are many vendors with big umbrellas in the open spaces on both sides of the street. The street extends eastward and westward to the quiet suburbs outside the city, but there are still pedestrians on the street: some people are carrying loads, some are driving ox carts to deliver goods, some are driving donkeys to pull trucks, and others stop to watch the scenery of Bianhe River.

There are many boats coming and going on the Bian River, which can be said to be a race in Qian Fan. Some are parked near the pier, while others are driving in the river. Some big ships are overloaded, and the owners hire many trackers to tow them. A big ship carrying goods has sailed under the bridge and will soon cross bridge opening. At this time, the boatman on this big ship is very busy. Some people stood on the canopy and put down their sails; Some are struggling to support the pole by the boat; Some people use long poles to support the ceiling of bridge opening, so that ships can pass safely with the water. This tense scene attracted the attention of tourists on the bridge and nearby boatmen, who stood by and cheered. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly depicts the busy and tense traffic scene on the Bianhe River, adding more vitality to the painting.

Guangzhou Street (9 Ending Chapters) ‖ Eternal Wandering between History and Future Figure/Text: The earth leans on the river.

Streets belong to history and the future. How short the "street now" is, we often haven't had time to watch it carefully, and those street views have become history. Guangzhou Street is just like this-as a historical street, every corner here has a historical imprint, and as a future street, every landscape here is a metaphor for unknown changes.

Being on the street of this southern city, we are destined to capture and feel the present between history and the future, and to wander forever in every moment.

In ancient Guangzhou, most streets meandered naturally along the terrain, and they were always not too wide. The layout is also characterized by changes and irregularities according to local conditions. Except for a few official roads and busy commercial streets, the rest of the roads are usually narrow. Streets are a vibrant part of the city. At first, the traffic in this city depended more on the dense waterway network. Later, with the increase of horses and wheeled vehicles, artificial streets appeared one after another. Streets develop with the development of the city.

During the decades from the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty to the first year of Xing Dynasty, Guangzhou authorities renovated and restored the urban area many times, vigorously promoted brick houses in ordinary houses, and at the same time transformed the square city and widened the streets. Today, Zhongshan Road and Beijing Road are the main streets in the east-west direction and the north-south direction respectively. At this time, the store has begun to take shape. There is also a "rice shop" near Jinguangta Road in the west of the city where foreign businessmen live in concentration.

In the Song Dynasty, Guangzhou continued the practice that began in the Tang Dynasty, and more actively encouraged citizens to burn bricks and make tiles. Brick and tile building materials are widely used in ordinary houses, brick and tile houses have been widely promoted, and urban buildings and streets have taken on a new look. Within the walls of the East-West Three Cities and the East-West Wild Goose Wing City, scattered brick houses, wooden buildings and even bamboo buildings can be seen along the slightly curved and narrow streets paved with bricks and stones, which were common street landscapes at that time.

Most buildings along the street are very low. However, there are more and more buildings with different shapes and huge volume in the downtown and the neighborhood near the city gate. On the basis of the original Lou Hai in the Tang Dynasty, the Shuangmen Gongbei Building, the Haishan Building where the urban shipping department is located, the Liurong Pagoda rebuilt in the Northern Song Dynasty and a large number of pavilions and pavilions are scattered all over the city, which are isomorphic with the Yuewangtai, Yuehua Pagoda and Huaishengguang Pagoda preserved in previous dynasties, forming the streets and urban skyline of ancient Guangzhou. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the urban area of Guangzhou was expanding, the city walls spanned Yuexiu Mountain, and the streets were constantly evolving. During the period from Kangxi to Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the blocks around the west of the city were further developed and netted streets were built, which gradually formed the "xiguan big house" with the characteristics of the late Qing Dynasty and became a unique street view in the west of the city.

Streets effectively expand the city's ability to gather material resources, so there is always a regular product of urban life, that is, the market. In Song Dynasty, Guangzhou had two inner ports: Winter Olympics and Western Australia. Dongao, located in Haohao, Imashimizu, is a salt transportation terminal in Guangzhou, and Western Australia, located near Nanhao Street, is a foreign trade terminal. Both places have prosperous trade and busy streets. Large markets such as rice market, flower market, tea market, fish market, fruit bar, vegetable bar and oil bar appeared along and near the streets in the Ming Dynasty. South of the city is adjacent to Pan Hao Street, which is rich in jade belts and has developed into a trading place for exotic goods at home and abroad, and is called "department store". It can be seen from the evolution of urban areas that many markets are always closely related to streets like other elements of the city.

Another factor, that is, temples, sacred places for citizens to hold religious ceremonies, is also closely related to streets. In a sense, cities and streets all start from these permanent holy places. The formation of the street is not only for traffic, but also for trading, and at the same time, it is also for the surrounding residents to gather together to worship the gods and pin their spirits. The religious life in Guangzhou has a long history. There are five jungles such as Guangxiao Temple, Liu Rong Temple, Haimin Temple, Hualin Temple and Big Buddha Temple, as well as a large number of large and small temples such as Wuxian Temple, City God Temple and Sanyuan Palace all over the city and along the street.

The relatively narrow roads paved with masonry, as well as the compact houses, markets, temples and pavilions on both sides, also constitute the evolving landscape structure characteristics of ancient Guangzhou streets.

With the advent of the global historical era, Guangzhou began the process of urban modernization, and urban streets also began to evolve in modern times. At the beginning, the urban trunk lines commonly known as roads were mostly 13- 16 meters wide. The construction of these modern streets began in the 1980s in 19. 1886 When Zhang Zhidong built the Tianzi Wharf, a road with a length of about 1.5 km was built nearby, which became the beginning of modern streets in Guangzhou. ①

At the beginning of the 20th century, when building the Pearl River embankment from Donghaokou to Shamian, a new street with a length of nearly 1.000 m and a width of 1.06 m was built along the embankment, including three sections: the east embankment, the south embankment and the west embankment. This street along the river is wide and standard. Later, Dongdi No.2 Road, Nandi No.2 Road and Xidi No.2 Road with a width of13-15m were built.

19 18 Guangzhou demolished the city walls and gates, and built new streets with the length of 10 km and the width of 25-33 meters, such as Taiping Road, Fengning Road (now Renmin Road), Yuexiu Road, Wanfu Road, Taikang Road and Dexuan Road. This first large-scale municipal construction project in Guangzhou moved more than 4,000 shops in a short time, which opened the climax of modern Guangzhou New Street construction. Baiyun Road is a tree-lined avenue with asphalt pavement, built in 1925, with a pavement width of 50 meters, which became a model of the street at that time. As of 1928, 62.6 kilometers of new streets have been added in the city. After that, we will continue to promote planning and construction, focusing on urban life and commercial development, taking into account the traffic in suburbs and industrial areas and the access to and from the city, and the layout will be roughly checkerboard-shaped.

In 1930s, when Chen was in charge of Guangdong, Guangzhou's municipal construction was further accelerated, and all the urban main roads were updated into modern streets. 1932, the draft "Guangzhou urban design outline" unifies the standards of urban streets, stipulating that the administrative trunk roads are 30 meters wide and the residential and industrial and commercial trunk roads are 25-30 meters wide. During this period, 24 streets including West Lake Road were built, and thousands of inner streets in the city were also sorted out. 1936 The total length of newly-built streets in the city reached138.8km, and 1949 reached 228km. The speed and scale of Guangzhou's modern street construction were among the top cities in China at that time. Importantly, these streets and their networks constitute the basic urban framework of modern Guangzhou, and are important material and visual symbols of Guangzhou's urban modernization.

Contemporary urban construction in Guangzhou has greatly changed the street conditions in Guangzhou. 1949 After the liberation of Guangzhou, Haizhu Bridge District, Xidi District and Huangsha District were rapidly rebuilt. With the recovery of urban economy, Guangzhou has gradually formed an overall development layout including the central area and the peripheral area, in which road construction has become the focus of urban construction and developed rapidly. At this time, the streets of Guangzhou have both traditional colors and modern characteristics.

Especially after the reform and opening up, on the basis of the rapid expansion of the original streets and cities in the urban area, Guangzhou streets have entered a period of modernization and rapid expansion, and many standard and spectacular main streets such as Guangzhou Avenue, Tianhe Road, Huangpu Avenue, Tiyu East Road, Tiyu West Road, Kang Wang Road, Zhanqian Road and Zhannan Road have been newly opened, as well as many huge street networks such as Wuyang New Town, Zhujiang New Town, University Town, Baiyun New Town and Asian Games Town. At the same time, Dongfeng Road, Jiefang Road, Zhongshan Road, Xingang Road, Wu Shan Road, Jiangnan Avenue and other important sections have been widened and reconstructed, and the physical facilities of these streets have been completely updated.

In 2005, the total length of roads in Guangzhou exceeded 5 100 km, an increase of 22.3 times compared with 228 km in 2005. An unprecedented modern street system has emerged. What is important is that after decades of development, Guangzhou streets have entered a three-dimensional era from the traditional planar "road era", with the organic combination of footbridges, elevated roads, expressways, rail transit and BRT expressways. It constitutes a new landscape of urban streets in this period.

In fact, when Guangzhou's urban streets entered the modernization period, the urban streets in western countries also experienced rich and complex evolution, and formed an equally rich, complex and quite mature street paradigm. Interestingly, shops and houses along the street with public colonnades appeared in Guangzhou at that time, which were closely arranged in arcades with continuous corridors. This arcade only echoes the arcade street that was widely used in ancient Rome when it standardized its street standards more than 2,000 years ago.

It is believed that the design and technology of modern urban streets originated from the street standards and pavement law in ancient Rome. These written laws, which can be traced back to BC 100 years ago, stipulated that the minimum width of streets in ancient Rome was 4.5 meters. There were no rules in the street before, and the houses on both sides were short and small. Later, those towering cylindrical houses appeared in large numbers, and they were densely arranged to form arcades similar to those in ancient Greece. Ancient Rome confirmed this style and stipulated that the maximum height of these buildings along the street should not exceed 20 meters and 6 floors. According to the standard, the streets of ancient Rome were paved with basalt slabs. On both sides of the street are padded sidewalks, usually paved with stones. The width of the sidewalks on both sides is about half the width of the street. This ancient Roman city street with elevated sidewalks is the historical prototype of modern city streets.

In the process of urban street design and planning, urban scholars Kerr Southworth and Ivan Ben-Joseph co-authored The Formation of Streets and Towns, lewis mumford's History of Urban Development and Cliff Mountford's Streets and Squares. There are detailed and in-depth discussions. With comprehensive reference to these discourses, we can briefly outline the development and evolution of a world city street.

After the disintegration of the Roman Empire, many ancient Roman cities declined, and the situation of urban streets deteriorated day by day. In cities such as Rome, Bologna, Naples and Paris, street space is occupied by private buildings and roads are in chaos. At this time, the growing strength of the merchant class showed its strength and demanded to improve street traffic.

During the Renaissance of13rd century, European urban planning experts such as Alberti and Palladio once again emphasized the perfect street layout, which attracted people's attention to urban street construction. Although Alberti praised the wide and straight streets for making the city more magnificent, he praised the winding streets even more. In medieval European cities, streets were usually not wide and slightly curved, with sharp turns and gentle slopes along the terrain. At that time, the street was mainly the traffic line and daily activity space for pedestrians, and the traffic of vehicles was secondary. Slightly narrow streets can make outdoor activities more comfortable in winter, while in the south, people can be protected from the sun and rain.

Albert wrote a comprehensive defense article for this winding street, arguing that this street is still winding like a river, which will make the city more eye-catching, with the functions of safety, intimacy and potential aesthetics, which is both pleasant and healthy. Later, many urban historians believed that nothing was more fair than these evaluations in the analysis of medieval urban streets. On the other hand, Paradio appreciates the streets with colonnades on both sides, and thinks that such streets can not only let residents concentrate on what they want to do without the interference of weather changes, but also conform to the principle of beauty.

At this time, those straight streets with pure geometric shapes are also quite attractive. Among them, Loire Street in Genoa, Italy, which was built in 16 in the 1950s and 1970s, is magnificent and immortal. In the early Renaissance, this street was lined with magnificent mansions of different styles, but they were arranged at the same distance on both sides of the paved street about 8 meters wide. PiorgioVasari, a Florentine, thinks this is the most magnificent street in Italy, and the famous Uffizi Street he designed and built is very similar to it.

Later, the French introduced relatively light and solid street standards on the basis of Roman streets; The British paved the streets low and flat, and the sidewalks were separated by kerbs and raised relatively. This is called a "modern" street. During the17th century, Americans also began to standardize the pavement of urban streets. There are also picturesque suburban streets, straight and orderly streets without interest, and streets with a sense of freedom that return to the medieval style.

The arrival of the motor vehicle era has accelerated the profound evolution of urban streets, although many people once rejected this revolutionary means of transportation, and then gradually accepted it. With the appearance of cars in cities, European and American countries have launched a comprehensive planning of streets, trying to shape more standardized and standardized technical urban streets with perfect spatial order that are suitable for the era of motor vehicles.

Cities all over the world are expanding rapidly, especially London, Paris and new york. In those huge cities, the streets are getting wider and wider. There are not only magnificent new buildings, coffee shops, office areas, hotels and department stores, but also avant-garde buildings in Parisian style and skyscrapers in new york style. At the same time, Paris-style boulevards or Vienna-style city streets surrounded by green trees appeared, and trees were planted on both sides or in the middle of the streets. After that, new street forms such as overhead roads flying in the air, huge cloverleaf interchanges and multi-lane expressways appeared in large numbers.

Among them, there are both criss-crossing linear grid street patterns popular in the early 20 th century; There is also Landborn urban street designed by American urban planners Stan and Wright based on the concept of British garden city-a quiet and dead-end residential street model that breaks through the grid street restrictions and is connected with green space; In the park-like environment, there are elevated streets, which are designed by British urban planner le corbusier according to American grid cities.

Since the 1970s, the concept of * * * enjoying the street has promoted a new revolution in the street design of residential areas, which initially produced the Houlle street model designed and built by Dutchman De Bohr. (4) This model unifies traffic and residential activities in the same space, and its design feature is that streets are regarded as residential public spaces, and traffic is not encouraged to be unimpeded; Pedestrians and cars enjoy the road, but pedestrians have priority and can walk and entertain in the street; There is no strict distinction between roadway and sidewalk; Vehicle speed and driving are limited by natural barriers and curvature. Houlle's idea soon became the basis for the implementation of street sharing in Europe, Japan, Israel and other countries, and formed a "joint street system" which has a continuous leading influence in street construction in various countries.

In the United States, the concept of excellent streets has gradually changed. In the past, the development of wide streets, urban expressways and parking lots consumed a lot of land and objectively formed a large number of idle street spaces. Since 1990s, many cities have launched the "Street Slimming Plan", which greatly reduced the width of streets and promoted moderately narrow streets.

The evolution of cities and urban streets has a long history, rich and complex. Every historical era has a corresponding city, and streets record the history of the city in a material way. Every street is not only a product of history, but also a carrier of history. History keeps accumulating in the streets, leaving the mark of different times. Even after a long time, these traces will still remain and appear in some way, either a building or a street stone, or the shape, structure, scale, atmosphere of the street, or even some traces that are difficult to be detected by years. History is deeply dissolved in the street, and the winding street is a solidified river of history.

We walk on the streets of the city, just like wandering in the long river of history that has passed quietly. Often inadvertently in a corner, corner or eaves, suddenly read about the history of the city and past lives, and realize the sense of historical solidification and existence of the street. This is an extremely important feeling that the street gives us.

In Guangzhou, not to mention the famous streets, just an ordinary street is enough to make people feel the existence of a long history. Liu Rong Road, for example, goes south along this road. In the dense residential buildings on both sides, you can first see the Liu Rong Flower Pagoda, which was built in the third year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasty (AD 537) and rebuilt in the first year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1086). This 57-meter-high tower, together with the whole ancient temple in Liu Rong named after the inscription of Wang Bo, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, is elegant and solemn, which makes people feel back to the Tang and Song Dynasties. Further south, the west side of the street is the old Nanhai County community where Nanhai County was located in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are a large number of overseas Chinese buildings in Nanyang style and the former site of Ta Kung Pao newspaper, which were built in the 1920s and 1930s. On the east side is the administrative office of the prefect's office in the mid-Ming Dynasty and the seat of the Guangzhou General's office, which commanded the Eight Banners stationed in Guangdong during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Now, the door of a general's office painted red has been rebuilt here. The contiguous western-style buildings near Jiangjun West Road in the south mark the modern urban community.

Similarly, entering from the left bank of the Seine River in Paris and strolling along St. Michel Street is like a historical journey. You can see the remains of ancient Rome on the east side of the street. The Gaul-Rome Bath, built in the 3rd century A.D., is located in the Clooney Museum, which has a large collection of medieval artworks. This museum used to be a medieval folk house, which was built between 1480 and 15 10. Especially the tomb of St. Genevieve named after the patron saint of Paris always reminds people of the city during the Roman occupation; The nearby Clovis Road is reminiscent of the historical glory of French King Clovis who defeated the Romans to establish France. Nearby are the world-famous Sorbonne University, which was built in 1253, and the Pantheon, which was built in 1764 and slept with Voltaire, Rousseau, Hugo and other great men. On the west side of the street, there is the Luxembourg Garden built in17th century, from which you can walk to the magnificent Luxemburg Palace. St. Michel Street is considered as a commercial street, but its inherent attributes as a historical carrier have not changed. It is always dynamically condensed with history and presents a traceable historical context.

Many important and unique historical street scenes always quietly entered our hearts at some time long ago. It occupies a corner in the depths of memory. When we walk in the future, we suddenly encounter this street view again, or encounter a similar landscape, our memory is suddenly awakened, and we are immersed in the recognition and thinking of this street view. This kind of recognition and thinking is actually that we know ourselves better. At this time, we know that these things in the street have been hidden in our consciousness and are so important to us.

The most powerful street view is often not an isolated point, but a continuous image stream in the linear space of the street, just like what we see on Liu Rong Road in Guangzhou or Saint Michel Street in Paris. One of the important reasons why streets full of historical buildings and relics are attractive is that they reflect the beauty of continuous winding and change in the linear space of streets.

Sometimes, the street gives people a wonderful feeling: when we first came to a place, we felt so familiar. These buildings, windows, gates, balconies facing the street and arcades at street corners all seem to have been known for a long time. Even the atmosphere in the street is kind, as if our life has been linked with it. Have we met a long time ago, and those pictures have long been hidden in our consciousness? Or do we recall the imitation prototype of the old street with the impression in our hearts? We can only conclude that this is related to history. This street is too mysterious.

There is no doubt that streets are full of vitality because of people's activities. It is history and life, as well as our memories and emotions, that give this street a sense of mystery. This street profoundly explains where and how we came from. If we cherish history and life, and cherish our memories and feelings, then we should cherish the city and its streets.

(Written in Liuhua Hufei)

■ precautions

(1) See A Brief History of Guangzhou edited by Yang Wanxiu and Zhong Guangdong People's Publishing House1March 9961P388; Zhang Zhongli, editor-in-chief of Southeast Coastal Cities and China Modernization, Shanghai People's Publishing House, July 1996 1 P270.

(2) See Zhang Zhongli's Southeast Coastal Cities and Modernization in China, Shanghai People's Publishing House, June 1996, p 27 1-272; A Brief History of Guangzhou edited by Yang Wanxiu and Zhong Guangdong People's Publishing House 1 March, 9961Edition P482

(3) See [America] Michael Southworth, Ivan Soben-Joseph, The Formation of Towns translated by Li, China Building Industry Press, September 2006, p. 1 5.

(4) Dutch, meaning "a garden like a jungle". See the Formation of Towns translated by Michael Southworth and Ivan Soben-Joseph by Li. China Building Industry Press, September 2006, 1 version, P 1 12.

■ This article may feel unfinished, because it is the first chapter of the original text of about 20,000 words. The rest of the main content is to analyze the changes of urban streets and further describe Guangzhou streets. In order to avoid the file being too long, these remaining parts may be sent separately in due course.

■ At the end of this street series, I want to thank my old colleague Yang Heping, who provided beautiful photos (1-8 series photos are all provided by Ms. Yang). Ms. Yang likes "street photography", shooting small places and small people and telling stories with images. She used these techniques to tell some ordinary stories, such as London: Turn a blind eye, San Remo: Lost elegance and Vienna: There is a kind of coffee called melancholy. Without her cooperation, the whole planning of this Guangzhou street graphic series could not be completed. Her exquisite and unique video works greatly add color to this series. I would like to express my sincere thanks!

20 190429