What are the four main language testing methods in English?

Writing translation method 1. There are no special requirements for the skills and professional knowledge of the exam, mainly depending on the teacher's subjective judgment. 2. Examination papers usually include translation, writing and grammar. 3. The content of the examination paper has a strong literary or cultural color. 4. Examination papers are generally written in the form of answers and marked manually. 2. Structuralism and psychometrics Structuralism-Psychometrics method is based on structuralist linguistics, which emphasizes that different language components can be tested separately, such as pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary can be tested separately out of context. It is characterized by adopting some methods of psychometrics, and the typical form is multiple-choice questions, which are suitable for statistical analysis after the exam. 3. Comprehensive method 1. Language testing should be conducted in a certain context. 2. Do not deliberately seek to distinguish individual language components, skills or abilities in the test, but emphasize two or more comprehensive evaluations. The main types of questions are cloze, dictation, translation, writing, etc. At the same time, test students' grammar, vocabulary and reading comprehension. 4. Communicative approach is similar to comprehensive approach to some extent, that is, both emphasize the meaning of language rather than the form and structure of language; The difference is that communicative approach pays more attention to the use of language in communication. Main features: 1. There is poor information in the exam, so students can obtain unknown information through known information. 2. Test tasks and projects are related, that is, a project should be based on the completion of the previous project. 3. The exam is highly targeted, and the content of the exam is designed according to the specific needs of students, such as some English for special purposes. 4. Paying attention to a wider range of restrictions is language ability, including language knowledge, language ability and appropriateness of language use. 5. Qualitative evaluation is used to replace or supplement simple quantitative evaluation.