Joke Collection Website - Bulletin headlines - Project management: how to manage projects in an orderly and controllable way.

Project management: how to manage projects in an orderly and controllable way.

As the front platform of construction enterprises, the project department is not only the place where life factors gather, but also the place where all kinds of contradictions are most concentrated. It can be said that the orderly and controllable project is a blessing for the project department and the construction enterprise. Once the project is out of control, it is not only a disaster for the project department, but also a disaster for the construction enterprise. Safety and quality accidents occur frequently, and the cost of operation and management is geometrically enlarged. It is difficult to meet the requirements of bidding competition of enterprises, and the social reputation of enterprises is discredited ... Can the project be controlled in an orderly manner, then how can the project construction management be managed in an orderly manner? Recently, the author interviewed Yu Xianjiang, general manager of China Railway 11th Bureau No.4 Company. According to the characteristics of the current railway passenger dedicated line construction, combined with his long-term experience as a project manager and company, Mr. Yu answered this question from three aspects: management concept, grasping the construction start-up and how to embody the execution through process management.

Thought is the forerunner of action.

Concept construction mainly focuses on the following five aspects:

First of all, it refers to the idea of God. At present, the investment in a new railway line ranges from tens of billions to nearly hundreds of billions, and the investment in a project section ranges from more than 2 billion to tens of billions. As the construction unit (owner), it is difficult for the railway investment company to specifically supervise each bid section. For example, the engineering blocks responsible for the construction management of subsidiaries are basically managed by the management organization at the headquarters level of the group company (referred to as "the bureau"). Some activities and intentions of the construction unit related to railway engineering construction management are conveyed to the project department of the subsidiary by the representative of the bureau, and the projects responsible for the construction management of the subsidiary are also supervised and managed by the bureau on behalf of the construction unit. Therefore, the railway project management, construction schedule and key projects, work inspection and pricing, and the usual inspections of subsidiaries are also the responsibility of the bureau, and all funds are allocated by the bureau. To a certain extent, the bureau refers to more important than the construction unit. It is more important than anything to strengthen communication with the bureau, harmonize the relationship with the bureau, respect and understand the bureau, obey its command and arrangement, report to the bureau in time, and truly understand and digest its work intention.

The second is the concept of quick victory. At present, the characteristic of railway passenger dedicated line construction is the word "fast". This is because railway construction has been in arrears for a long time, which has led to railway transportation becoming a scarce resource for a long time. This scarce resource has affected the economic and social development of China. Accelerating railway construction is not only the requirement of the Ministry of Railways, but also the requirement of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for railway construction in China. It is also the requirement and expectation of the whole society. If the railway construction is slow, it will miss the people and the country, and it will also be unfavorable for our railway construction enterprises to seize the opportunity to achieve great development. The first requirement of this round of railway passenger dedicated line construction is the word "fast". For example, the Shijiazhuang-Wuhan passenger dedicated line built by our company has a construction period of only seven or eight months from entering the site to erecting beams. Therefore, one step ahead often takes the initiative. The (Wu)-Hanyi (Chang) railway project undertaken by our company took the lead after entering the site, and set four firsts in the construction field of the group company. The construction unit organized two on-site meetings in the bid section, which not only won honor for our company, but also won honor for the headquarters of the group company. The headquarters of the group company and the owner sent a letter to congratulate the project department and the company.

The third is the concept of starting with high standards. At present, both expressways and high-speed railway passenger dedicated lines have high requirements for civil engineering standards, such as railway passenger dedicated lines, which require zero settlement for subgrade settlement and high requirements for civilized construction and line construction. Starting with high standards, we must first start with standards and specifications, formulate high standards and determine high specifications according to the characteristics of engineering construction, and organize construction and supervision in strict accordance with standards and specifications. In the process of construction, the first step is to grasp the template. Samples can not only take the lead, but also put us in an active position. When the construction unit or the headquarters of the group company is inspected, it will attract attention, leave a good impression and take the lead, and it is easy to get into the top few when checking.

Fourth, security is a killer concept. Security is a major event, which is related to the safety of national property and people's lives. From the central leadership to the ordinary people, they attach great importance to safety issues. The safety work of construction enterprises is even more difficult to do. Once there is a security problem, there will be endless troubles. Even if the railway or highway engineering construction is tight, the site is busy and the construction period is tight, no matter what happens, we must stop to deal with the safety problem. It can be said that the construction period, economic benefits and social reputation will be damaged, and the central and local governments will veto safety production by one vote. Once there is a big safety problem, the Ministry of Railways will immediately stop the enterprises that have accidents from participating in the bidding competition. For example, the Maluqing Tunnel of Yiwan Railway has many sudden water inrush accidents, causing casualties. Although it is caused by geological factors and sudden natural disasters, it is unpredictable and irresistible, which still has a certain impact on the company. Since the second half of last year, through paying close attention to safety management and strict responsibility system for production safety, the situation of safety construction has improved and the safety situation has stabilized. We must keep a clear head, we must not relax the concept of safety management for a moment, and we must maintain the situation of safety production and construction.

Fifth, efficiency is the ultimate goal. Economic benefit is the foundation of an enterprise. Without economic benefits, enterprises can hardly survive. Since last year, our company has taken various measures to strengthen cost management and pay close attention to economic benefits. Judging from the financial accounting at the end of the year, the economic benefits have improved compared with the past, but there is still a long way to go. We should continue to work hard to improve and strengthen cost pre-control. It is necessary to advocate a concept of honor and disgrace in the whole company, such as cashing in the payment according to regulations, winning more economic benefits for the company, and being ashamed of not paying and losing money. To pay more for the company, win more profits for the company's projects and meritorious personnel should be strongly commended and rewarded, the return of project benefits should be written into the company's development history, and the meritorious personnel who improve the company's economic benefits should be written into the company's development history to create a good atmosphere for everyone to contribute to the company's economic benefits.

A good beginning is half the battle.

A good beginning is half the battle. What does a good start include?

1, the project manager should know something about the project. As soon as the project enters the site, the project director should first concentrate on the project quantity, design drawings, geological conditions of the construction section, on-site construction environment, local hydrological and climatic environment, human environment, nodes and difficulties of key and difficult projects, opinions of the construction unit (or bureau headquarters) on node arrangement of key and difficult projects, which direction railway track laying should start and the arrival of key and difficult project drawings, etc. Around the above engineering information, it is necessary to know where the risks to be guarded against and the related resources that must be prepared come from, how to organize and arrange, when the construction will be in place, and so on. For example, the construction geology of hu jia wan Hanging Blue Arch Bridge in Wuhan-Guangzhou No.1 Bid Section, Fengdingding Tunnel in Wuhan-Guangzhou No.4 Bid Section, and Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity Bridge have become the difficulties in the whole line. Except for the postponement of land acquisition and demolition, we all have insufficient understanding of geology and foundation.

2. Scientifically recognize, select and employ people. According to the relevant regulations of the company, except the person in charge of finance and operation is appointed by the company, the management personnel of other positions are recommended by the company in principle, and the project manager decides whether to choose or not. This requires the project manager to learn and adhere to the scientific concept of knowing people, selecting people and employing people, grasp the basic laws and characteristics of staffing, and achieve complementary personality, age structure and advantages, and consult relevant personnel recommended by the company through various ways and means.

3. The project management structure should be reasonable. In the past, the investment in a project bid section was at most 670 million, and the largest was about 100 million. In recent years, with the arrival of a new upsurge in railway construction, a project bid with an investment of 300-400 million yuan is no longer a big bid. At this year's working meeting of China Railway Co., Ltd., Li Guorui, chairman of the head office, and Jin Puqing, president of the head office, made it clear that railway projects within 2 billion yuan should be managed by an engineering company. In this way, how to manage the project is particularly important. For example, Hanyi Railway and Shiwu Railway Project Department are directly managed by the construction team, and Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity Railway Project Department has two branches, which are managed by the branches to the construction team. The problems exposed by this management model are low operating efficiency and high management cost. Of course, it doesn't mean that the project department can't set up a branch, blindly asking the project department to directly manage the construction team, but to analyze the specific situation. Assuming that the railway engineering task assigned to us by the group company is tens of kilometers or hundreds of miles, we should consider setting up a branch company. In a word, advocating flat management and improving management efficiency and operation efficiency are principles that must be adhered to.

4. Master the basic principles of site selection. No matter which project, once organized, the first thing to consider is which location is the most ideal for the project department, that is, the place far from the construction site. First, it is not convenient to find and solve problems in time. Second, it is not convenient to organize and supervise the construction site. Third, it increases the cost of management services. The mixing station serves the construction of bridges and tunnels, and the amount of concrete works is large. If it is far from the site, it will undoubtedly increase the transportation cost. The location of the concrete mixing station is most conducive to the construction of bridge concrete pouring and tunnel concrete lining. According to the positive and negative experience, the project department chooses the place closest to the key and difficult projects; The mixing station should be selected in a lot of concrete construction, that is to say, it should be selected near the bridge and tunnel construction and with good service road, so as to facilitate the transportation of sand, cement and concrete to the bridge and tunnel construction site. Whether it is the location of the project department or the mixing station, the only purpose is to be close to the construction site and then close to the construction site. The purpose of being close to the site is to serve the needs of site construction and operate efficiently.

5, to have a new understanding of "trilateral". "Trilateral" refers to the settlement, land acquisition and construction we mentioned before. According to the past practice, we should settle down first, then seize land and organize construction and production. With the rise of a new round of railway climax, all projects are closely around the word "fast", and the order of "trilateral" is reversed, that is, land acquisition-construction-settlement. From several new railway projects last year, we deeply felt this. In Shanghai-Nanjing intercity, compared with Erlian, we put border settlement in the first place, that is to say, we put our main energy on settlement. The second company is just the opposite of us, focusing on land acquisition construction first. The second company is one step ahead of us, and the result is step by step, while the construction progress of our project has been lagging behind the second company. This is called not catching up with others step by step. After the projects such as Hanyi Railway and Shiwu Railway were put into operation, the land acquisition construction was not relaxed, and the homes of the projects were not settled well, so they were temporarily rented in temporary residences, and the land acquisition, site construction and working face were opened in an important position. The result is step by step. Now all the events, once notified to play, have been arranged by the hour, not by the month, ten days and weeks. Time is money, time is victory, and time is credibility. It is no exaggeration to use it in the project department.

6. Assign special personnel to stare at the design institute. Appointing someone to stare at the design institute is to keep regular communication with them, strengthen interaction, respect their understanding and establish deep friendship. When designing and plotting, we should give priority to designing and providing drawings for me to meet our construction needs, especially for the drawings of easy-to-start projects, important and difficult projects and key node projects. We should strive for priority design and plotting and organize construction first.

7. Assign special personnel to supervise the power supply. It is very important to meet the power supply in time for the normal development of construction, such as high-speed railway construction. Once on the horse, not one or two or three or five construction units are waiting for electricity, but all construction teams are waiting for electricity. We must never ignore it and attach great importance to it. Last year, the Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity Railway, Hanyi Railway and Shiwu Railway Passenger Dedicated Lines were launched because the power supply delayed the construction of our company. Once the power supply department can't meet the needs of construction and production, we have to buy generators to generate electricity. First, the cost is too high, and second, it is difficult to meet the needs of construction and production. Therefore, we can't afford to wait for electricity from the power supply department or rely on generators to generate electricity. As soon as the project starts, power supply must be the top priority, and the main person in charge of the project should personally grasp this problem.

8. The construction of the construction access road is a big account. Usually, we often hear the saying "If you want to be rich, build roads quickly" or see the slogan "Speed up infrastructure construction and break the bottleneck". In fact, this statement is also very suitable for the project "three links and one leveling" (water supply, electricity supply and access). In particular, the smooth access road is very important, and the access road is impassable. Transportation of sand and gravel materials through access roads, subgrade filling and excavation construction are inseparable from access roads. For the off-line subgrade earthwork and bridge construction team, the construction front is long, and it will cost a lot of money to build construction access roads, especially in the south of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There is much rainy season and much surface water. If we don't make great efforts to build the construction access road, the car will break down in a few days. In the past, when we were building in the south or the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, some projects always wanted to dig some money from the sidewalk. As a result, because of the fear of spending money to repair the service road and repeatedly engaging in the service road, the normal construction was affected, and the money spent and the manpower and material resources invested in repairing the service road were even more. The project manager should attach importance to the construction of access roads as much as land acquisition and power supply. To put it simply, firstly, we should concentrate on quick repair, and secondly, we should set a high standard. If it is delayed for half a month or a month, the repaired sidewalk will be broken at both ends in three days.

9, scientifically prepare the construction organization plan. Whether the construction organization design is scientific or not has an important influence on the guiding role and operation effect of the whole project. How can it be called science? According to the order of track laying, ballastless track construction and beam erection, especially the position and beam erection direction of the beam-making yard, the construction period of the off-line project should be arranged, and the construction organization design should be carried out accordingly, so as to prioritize and organize the construction production in a balanced way.

10, resource allocation should be balanced. The project is the place with the most active demand for production factors and the most varieties. If the configuration is properly organized and fully utilized, it can run efficiently. Once the configuration is unreasonable, not only the operation efficiency will be greatly reduced, but also the construction production will be passive. How to achieve rational allocation and overall consideration? No! The reference source could not be found. Try to choose mechanized construction mode, reduce manpower construction, improve construction efficiency and meet the needs of the construction period. No! The reference source could not be found. Try to choose one or two internal construction teams. Numerous facts have proved that the internal team can stand the test at critical times. It can be said that the internal team is really the backer and the pillar. Judging from the requirements of the rapid construction of railway passenger dedicated lines at present, large internal teams should be selected for small projects and professional internal teams should be selected for large projects, so as to ensure the needs of emergencies and emergency treatment and overcome the bone project. No! The reference source could not be found. , equipped with the principle of mechanical equipment. Adhere to the special machinery and equipment, must be equipped with their own, can not be subject to the market. Popular machinery and equipment should be solved through socialization, reducing the pressure on companies or projects to buy machinery and equipment, and focusing more funds on the cutting edge.

1 1, and the "28" relationship should be properly handled. What is the "February 28th relationship"? That is, at the beginning of the project, 80% of the project director's energy should be spent on external coordination and 20% on dealing with some problems internally. After the project is officially started, the project supervisor should devote 80% of his energy to construction organization and site management, and 20% to external coordination. When the project enters the closing stage, the project supervisor should devote 80% of his energy to the change claim and the funds are in place, and 20% of his energy to the closing project.

Execution is the key to process management.

First, establish rules and regulations and establish strict management. No! The reference source could not be found. Establish a training system. Training should be organized in time for new workers, new technicians, new team leaders, new teams and new technologies. The focus of training is to know what to do, how to do it, to what extent and what to pay attention to. These contents should be truthfully told to everyone. No! The reference source could not be found. Strict contract management system. According to the contract management regulations, all teams must sign contracts according to the contract management process before entering the site. All contracts must adhere to the examination and approval (approval) and filing (filing) system. For special projects that the construction unit urgently needs to start and the construction period is tight, the team can be organized to enter the site first, but the construction contract must be signed within one month after entering the site. All highway projects must be signed before the stage. No! The reference source could not be found. , ledger management system. We should continue to do a good job in the ledger of materials and equipment, and make great efforts to do a good job in the ledger of engineering quantities (how much is the engineering quantity, how much has been priced under construction, and how much has not been priced under construction). The first responsible person of the engineering quantity ledger is the chief engineer of the project department, and the project manager is responsible for leadership. If the bill of quantities is not well executed, the chief engineer and the project manager should be held accountable. Fourth, the safety management system. The project department should pay attention to the implementation of the safety system according to the characteristics of the project, and the project leader must take the lead in implementation. Five, adhere to the standby system. The side station is an indispensable link to supervise and guide the on-site construction, especially for the concealed engineering construction, it is necessary to implement the side station system. Six, the main leaders of the project and key and difficult projects linked to the system.

The second is to guide the way and standardize the operation. Set high standards for quality and site management, construction organization and starting point for each job. No matter what kind of work, we should have high standards and strict requirements, and work according to standards and norms. Every job should first pay special attention to the model and guide it through the model.

Third, we must grasp the main contradictions. What is the main contradiction? That is, key projects, difficult projects and controlled projects, such as tunnel construction. At first, the main contradiction was tunnel entrance and bridge construction, and the main contradiction was the construction of pier in water, especially before flood or rainy season. In cantilever beam construction, the main contradiction is the construction period, and so on. In a word, the main contradiction between each unit project and different periods (stages) is not static, but constantly changing. For example, the main contradiction after construction is to grasp the sample, to meet the inspection during construction, and to pay attention to the change of claim when finishing. In short, as the main manager of the project, we must follow and understand the construction laws and grasp the main contradictions according to law, so that the construction and production of the project will not get stuck.

Fourth, pay attention to inspection and emphasize credit evaluation. At present, leaders at all levels attach importance to the on-site inspection and credit evaluation of the construction team. Whether it is a railway project or a highway project, the on-site inspection and credit evaluation are linked, and the bidding is linked. If the credit rating does not meet the specified requirements, you are not allowed to participate in the bidding of railway projects, and so are highway projects. The credit rating is very poor. The construction unit and the local transportation department will not only issue a notice, but also report it to the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Transport for online notification. As a project management team and subsidiary, we must attach great importance to it. Always know when the construction unit will organize the inspection and appraisal, when the superior leader will go to the site to inspect and guide the work, what aspects the superior leader should check when he goes to the site, where to start, what is the focus of the inspection, and what is the work style or characteristics of the inspection team members. Only in this way can we have a clear aim and achieve the desired effect.