What is the current status of the development of vegetable protected areas in China?

In recent years, the production of vegetables on protected land has developed rapidly in various places. In particular, winter warm-type solar greenhouses and spring greenhouses (including single-slope greenhouses and large arched greenhouses) are more commonly used protected land cultivation facilities. . The purpose of protected land cultivation is to produce off-season (time difference) vegetables to meet supply and improve efficiency. However, as the area of ??protected areas continues to expand, the crops are often the same, the crops are single, and the varieties have similar characteristics. As a result, the market time is concentrated, and there is a peak season in the off-season, and the efficiency is still not high. For example, during the New Year's Day and Spring Festival period in 1999, the sales of greenhouse leeks in our county were not smooth due to the centralized market, and the price was only 0.15-0.20 yuan per kilogram. However, the price of spring leeks sold in the open field after the Spring Festival is as high as 1.5-2.0 yuan per kilogram. Therefore, just having protected land cultivation facilities may not necessarily lead to high efficiency in vegetable production.

The development status of the vegetable protected land in Lu'an, Anhui is now elaborated as follows:

As an important industry in the economic development of our region, the vegetable industry plays an important role in increasing farmers' income and increasing agricultural efficiency. played a very important role. At present, although the vegetable industry in our district has gradually developed, it has not yet formed an industrial base, the production scale is small, and the degree of production standardization is low. Some problems have been plaguing the development of the vegetable industry in our district, and also plaguing every one of us. Workers, for this reason, we should do some analysis and put forward some immature ideas of our own to strengthen the vegetable industry in our district and increase farmers' income.

1. The current situation of the vegetable industry in our district

At present, the total vegetable planting area in our district is 210,000 acres, with a total output of 250 million kilograms and an annual output value of 265 million yuan. The protected vegetable production area is 6,750 acres, of which the greenhouse area is 2,900 acres and the greenhouse area is 3,850 acres. After years of development, our district has basically formed a vegetable production pattern that combines the near, middle and outer suburbs; and some other towns and villages have a certain scale of specialized production of potatoes, green onions, red peppers, etc. on the basis of self-sufficiency. Third line base.

2. Problems in the vegetable industry in our region

1. The land used for growing vegetables is decreasing year by year. Our district has always been the main summer and autumn vegetable production and supply base in our city and even surrounding areas. However, in recent years, the cost of production materials, coal, electricity and other agricultural production materials and labor costs have increased, causing the cost of vegetable production to increase year by year. Some protected areas are uncontracted, resulting in idleness; coupled with direct grain subsidies, subsidies for improved seeds, agricultural machinery Some favorable agricultural policies such as subsidies have no effect on vegetable growers. In recent years, the purchase price of field crops has risen rapidly, and the benefits of planting field crops have become better year by year, causing some farmers to change vegetable fields into field fields. The influence of some factors such as open fields and open fields in our district Vegetable production in protected areas has shrunk.

2. Vegetable production is scattered and the degree of industrialization is low. Most of the vegetable cultivation in our district is carried out by one household, and the production is relatively blind and haphazard. The ability to withstand market risks is low, and it is easy for farmers to suffer from cheap vegetables. In addition, due to the lack of funds, technology and talents, etc. Due to the constraints of various factors, the vegetable industry in our district has a low starting point, slow development, and a low degree of industrialized management.

3. Vegetables are pollution-free and not very harmful. In recent years, due to the unreasonable use of agricultural inputs, such as unreasonable fertilization and pesticide use, unscientific harvesting of agricultural products, unreasonable discharge of industrial "three wastes" and urban garbage, the market access system and market supervision and management have not been fully established. Lack of strict regulations, etc., has led to serious pollution of agricultural products. In particular, farmers use chemical fertilizers unreasonably and even use some high-residue and highly toxic pesticides, blindly pursuing high yields, seriously destroying the original quality of vegetables. Pollution-free vegetables are far from reaching standards. .

4. Off-season vegetables are basically blank. The vegetable production in our district has been able to meet the vegetable supply of residents in our district for three seasons, and a small amount of it is exported. However, off-season vegetables are rarely grown in our district. Around the Spring Festival when off-season vegetables sell best, vegetables in our district need to be imported from other places, and the vegetable farmers do not take a positive attitude towards this and carry out compensation trials, so that vegetables from other places enter the market in our district in large quantities around the Spring Festival. Vegetable production in our area is also a shock.

5. Market information is not flexible.

At the same time, detection methods must be improved to truly ensure that pollution-free vegetables achieve high quality and low prices. Adjust the quality structure and achieve new breakthroughs in quality and safety levels. Focusing on the key links before, during and after production, we will promote quality and safety control throughout the entire process "from land to table". First, do a good job in publicity. Farmers try to use high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides and apply organically mature fertilizers as much as possible to achieve "pollution-free" from the source. Second, market access should be thoroughly publicized, a coding system should be implemented, vegetables should be sold with codes, and the producers of unqualified products can be traced. Third, do a good job in field and market monitoring. Organize personnel to conduct inspections and market spot checks from time to time, and deal with unqualified products seriously. In fact, our vegetable farmers have long realized that product reputation is the key to pollution-free vegetables occupying the market. However, due to management reasons, there is a problem of high quality but low price, which seriously restricts the enthusiasm of producers, and for us consumers, it is completely We understand the importance of eating pollution-free vegetables and foods, but we just don’t know which ones are truly pollution-free. In the past few years, pollution-free vegetable testing points have been established, and several fixed sales points, sales stalls and mobile vehicles have been identified. The results are good and have played a certain role in promoting the production of pollution-free vegetables. Consumers are more interested in pollution-free vegetables. The level of recognition has also improved to a certain extent, but has disappeared in the past two years. I think we should raise funds from various sources to establish a standardized pollution-free vegetable production demonstration base, which will serve as a demonstration for the pollution-free vegetable production bases that have been built and rebuilt in our district. This will drive up the level of pollution-free vegetable production in our region.

4. Adjust cultivation methods and achieve new breakthroughs in planting methods. Research on off-season vegetable planting technology as soon as possible and promote it comprehensively to fill the gap in this area in our region. Establish demonstration gardens, demonstration fields, and demonstration sheds so that farmers can see and learn, play their role in training, demonstration, and guidance, and drive farmers to self-adjust and develop. Compared with the development speed of the vegetable industry, in recent years, there has been insufficient innovation in planting methods and farming systems, and development has lagged behind. Farmers have excessively followed traditional planting habits, sowing at the same time, and going to the market in a centralized manner, which has increased the contradiction between concentrated production and balanced market demand. It is necessary to make full use of the characteristics of vegetables with many types, rich varieties, complex cultivation, and flexible planting methods, increase promotion efforts, optimize the combination of facilities, varieties, technologies, cultivation methods, and planting models, and sow seeds in batches in the same area. Harvest and market in batches to avoid excessive listing volume at one time and affecting economic benefits.

5. Establish a complete information service system. To bring about qualitative changes in the vegetable industry, government departments must increase capital investment, accelerate the establishment of computer networks covering cities, districts, and townships, gradually form a modern information collection, processing, and dissemination system, and timely release market information for vegetables and other agricultural products. Demand and price information, establish vegetable product price information and vegetable production early warning system; the district vegetable department should guide farmers to organize production according to market demand, prevent and overcome blindness in vegetable production, and minimize the loss of farmers' income caused by information occlusion reduction; at the same time, it is necessary to give full play to its advantages in technology, information and other aspects to provide high-quality services before, during and after production to vegetable farmers, so that farmers can plant with goals, sell in markets, and increase production and income.

6. Highlight scientific and technological services. Investment and promotion of vegetable scientific research generally favors hardware facilities and ignores software investment that may bring huge indirect benefits such as talent training and technical services. Due to limited investment, vegetable technicians update their knowledge slowly and lack the ability to re-learn and re-educate. Conditions, new vegetable technologies, new varieties, and new materials cannot be popularized in a timely manner. It is necessary to increase support for vegetable technology promotion departments and establish a team of high-quality technical personnel who are capable of both literary and military work, that is to say, they can not only engage in scientific research Such a professional technical service team that can carry out technology promotion and is also good at marketing will bring the level of vegetable science and technology in our region to a new level.