Intellectual youth going to the countryside

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) and Guo Cheng, in order to solve the employment problem in cities, urban youth were organized to move to rural areas, especially remote rural areas, in the mid-1950s. As early as 1953, People's Daily published an editorial "Organizing High School Graduates to Participate in Agricultural Productive Labor". In 1955, Mao Zedong put forward that "the countryside is a vast world, where you can make great achievements." It became the slogan of educated youth going to the countryside later. From this year on, the Youth League began to organize farms to encourage and organize young people to take part in the reclamation movement. 1962 proposed to organize a nationwide movement to go to the countryside. 1964, the central government of China set up a leading group for this purpose.

1966, under the influence of the cultural revolution, the college entrance examination stopped. By 1968, many middle school graduates could not enter universities or find jobs. In addition, the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution in 1966-68 made China's leading bodies realize that they needed to find ways to resettle these young people so as not to get out of control. 196865438+On February 22nd, Mao Zedong instructed People's Daily to publish an article entitled "We also have two hands, don't be idle in the city" [source request], which quoted Mao's instruction that "educated youth should go to the countryside and receive re-education from poor and middle peasants ...",1969. The whole country also began to organize. From 197 1, many problems of rural educated youth began to be exposed, and at the same time, China began to assign some jobs to the educated youth who were decentralized from the city. Most of the educated youth who return to the city in this way get the opportunity to return to the city through relationships. The minutes of the May 7th Project accused the educated youth of "going to the countryside" as "disguised labor reform". By 1976, even Mao Zedong felt the seriousness of the problem of educated youth and decided to reconsider. But today, millions of young intellectuals are still assigned to the countryside every year. [Source Request] The death of Mao Zedong put the issue of educated youth on hold.

Back to the city

1977 resumed the college entrance examination, and most rural educated youths tried their best to return to their hometowns. /kloc-in the winter of 0/978, the educated youth in Yunnan expressed their demands in the form of asking for a wish and stopping work, which once again made the people feel the urgency of the problem. 1on may 8th, 980, Hu Yaobang, then general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposed not to go to the countryside again. On June+10/October 1 day, 65438, it was basically decided that the educated youth who used to go to the countryside could go back to their hometown cities. However, there are still a large number of educated youth stranded in rural areas or the third place outside their hometown cities. At most, only one of the children of educated youth can move back to their parents' hometown city, and there are restrictions on age and marriage.

statistics

From11950 s to11970 s, the total number of educated youth who went to the countryside was estimated to be between 1200 and180,000.