How to view the current situation of mass incidents in our country?

Scholars also have different views on the current research status of domestic mass emergencies. Some scholars believe that the study of domestic mass incidents has achieved the following main results: "From an in-depth perspective, it shows the characteristics of gradual and in-depth advancement. From the perspective of research scope and research methods, there is an overall investigation of mass incidents across the country. , and there are partial discussions on mass incidents in different regions and departments: there are both macro-countermeasure analysis and case-based empirical analysis, showing the diversity of research fields and research methods. Generally speaking, it is related to the groups in the early stage of reform and opening up. Compared with sexual incidents, the current development trends of domestic mass incidents that deserve special attention include the following:?

1. The tendency of organization is becoming increasingly obvious, developing towards organized planning?

< p> Most of the initial organizational forms of group events are spontaneous and loose. The main body of group events is composed of a group of people who have a certain interest relationship. In this special group, there may be organizers and planners, as well as ordinary people. Participants, their purpose is for some special interests of the group, so their behavior is consistent and utilitarian. Once a certain interest is satisfied, the group will no longer exist. Therefore, this kind of "group nature". Most of the "incidents" do not have an organized appearance, or there is no mastermind and core organization that controls the entire incident. Their group actions may show some traces of organization, and the resistance has a certain structure and momentum, but there are many participants. It is a temporary gathering of people, usually only a group of people gather with their own purposes, make on-site motions, make temporary plans, and then put forward various demands that involve the common concerns of the participants and are easily accepted by society.

At present, domestic mass incidents show an increasingly prominent tendency to be organized.

First, large-scale mass incidents are now well organized, and major and major mass incidents are basically instigated and well prepared. , there are leaders or backbones to connect, direct and control. There are a considerable number of organizations (or spontaneous organizations) established at the beginning of the brewing of group incidents. It is not difficult to find "capable people" or "high-level people" in some incidents. The shadow of "participation".

Second, in terms of communication, various methods are used, such as verbal notifications, telephone notifications and even written notifications to promote mass gatherings, and various means are used to promote group interaction.

Third, in terms of strategic selection, it generally does not involve core social concepts, but seeks the basis for action within the traditional political discourse and legal framework, giving its actions a meaning that is in line with dominant values, and strives to be reasonable and legal, and try its best to It may be depoliticized, and attention should be paid to avoid being interpreted as "going against the party and the government" and being labeled as opposing the government. For example, many incidents have always used the "survival needs" of laid-off workers and vulnerable groups as moral support, in the name of "needs." They used the banners of "Eating to Eat" and "Going to Work" to win the sympathy and recognition of the masses. Another example is that students from Zhengzhou Shengda College "changed their faces" because of their diplomas. They wore T-shirts with "Integrity" printed on them and shouted, "Give me back my academic certificate; give me back my diploma." The meaning of the slogan "Parents' hard-earned money" is self-evident. The fourth is to choose sensitive days to cause trouble. Unify the slogan and dress during the action, put up banners, slogans, distribute leaflets, and find ways to put pressure on the government. Fifth, in terms of behavioral methods, some cases show a certain degree of restraint, such as the Xianyang "10·24 Incident" (2004) and the "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Migrant Workers Filling Roads to Block Roads to Petition for Justice" (2006). On the premise that the level of organization of mass incidents increases, another possibility will arise. The expression of mass incidents is more limited to the category of rationality; some mass incidents are through negotiation, bargaining, concessions, and compromises. Solve the problem in a way that leaves room for the resolution of the conflict. ?

2. More "indirect stakeholders" are participating, and the number of "action masses" is increasing

Generally speaking, the people gathering at the scene of mass incidents can be divided into three types , that is, the "participants", "opponents" and "spectators" of the event. Participants are obviously seeking their own interests, while more members of society are just bystanders of the event (that is, "indirect stakeholders"), and they do not have any profit motivation to participate in the event. Today, more "indirect stakeholders" are involved in mass incidents, constituting the basic masses of mass incidents. Participants in early stage mass incidents were highly homogeneous in composition, and most of them were disadvantaged groups whose interests were relatively damaged during the transition period.

In today's cases involving a large number of people, many participants have not directly harmed their own interests, but are just ordinary bystanders. In many mass incidents, as long as someone takes the lead in making trouble, the development of the incident may be responded to by a hundred people, and bystanders can easily become members of the public. The detonation process of current major mass emergencies is generally characterized by the rapid gathering of personnel from all aspects of the scene, the surge in number, and the rapid formation of a certain scale and mutual response. At the same time, because group emotions are infected by communication, it will promote excessive group behavior, and excessive behavior will promote a fanatical state, causing the group's emotional venting and difficulty in controlling it.

From the behavioral characteristics of the participants, there are big differences between the current participants and the early participants. At present, the emotions of participants in mass incidents are becoming more and more confrontational. Based on the psychological and emotional consensus of the masses, the number of "action masses" on the scene has increased, excessive behavior has become prominent, and even illegal occupation of public places has occurred. Surrounding and attacking important organs, departments and key units, triggering extreme behaviors such as beating, smashing and looting. The violent confrontations of current mass incidents have obviously intensified the possibility of the transformation of the nature of contradictions, that is, the possibility of transforming from economic issues or issues of right and wrong into issues between ourselves and the enemy, and from non-confrontational to confrontational. ? As for the reason why bystanders become more participants, some researchers believe that "this kind of conflict is caused by the accumulation of people's dissatisfaction with some public power holders"; other researchers believe that, “The less people are able to use speech to protest, the more likely they are to turn to violence. Even people who are not directly involved in violence may therefore be more sympathetic to group incidents involving violent resistance.” "Indirect stakeholders" ignored social risks and became direct participants in the incident. To some extent, it shows that the nature of the incident is quietly changing, which may indicate that domestic mass incidents have entered a new stage. ?

3. Foreign political forces try to get involved in domestic mass incidents and promote the transformation of interest demands?

Recent domestic mass incidents have occurred in the starting point of the conflict and the language of the "litigation subject" There are some subtle changes, from land issues to environmental pollution, to the purpose of declaring and establishing the abstract "legitimate rights and interests" of farmers as a social group. The content of the struggle is becoming more and more extensive and profound. Against this background, the state and form of mass incidents have become more complicated. Some foreign political forces have used mass incidents and certain socially sensitive issues to spread rumors, slander, maliciously hype, attack China's political system, and vilify the Communist Party of China. and the image of the government. Some group incidents were originally caused by the pursuit of economic interests and were limited to specific interest demands. However, with the intervention of certain overseas non-governmental organizations or "civil rights defenders", economic issues have shown signs of politicization, even in the case of individual cases. Regions show a tendency to “seek solutions to problems outside the system.” Some general mass incidents are meddlesome by people with ulterior motives and intensify into serious mass emergencies. Behind some incidents with cunning and changeable behavior and obvious politicization trends, the possibility of the intervention of extreme individuals and groups with certain political purposes or seeking certain social interests cannot be ruled out. We must pay great attention to and attach great importance to the variability of the nature of conflicts to prevent major mass incidents from evolving into mass emergencies due to improper handling, and evolving into riots, riots and social unrest. ?

4. The social mentality is extremely fragile, and the "resentment variable" is growing

The current public social mentality environment in some areas of the country is fragile, even abnormal, and there are some thought-provoking points. Social mentality imbalance is an important predisposing factor for group incidents. The incident in Chizhou, Anhui was originally just an ordinary traffic accident. It was not a big incident but it evolved into a major mass incident where tens of thousands of people gathered. In the Harbin "BMW car collision incident", an ordinary BMW car became a symbol of power and money, triggering great public hatred for "the rampage of rich people". In the "10.18 Incident" in Wanzhou, just a "rumor about civil servants" was the reason why tens of thousands of people gathered. The onlookers obstructing the police from performing their official duties shows that the masses have doubts about the fairness of the local government's administrative actions.

The decisive catalyst in the Wanzhou incident was a lie and its rumors: the perpetrator lied that he was a national civil servant and could handle anything that happened. This alone was enough. The onlookers were angered, and then amplified and distorted, and a mass incident took place."

Why can a lie cause such a huge emotional reaction from the public? Follow-up research found that the cause of the incident seemed simple and had a certain degree of chance. However, the incident in Wanzhou had its inherent inevitability. It was the result of the deep-seated contradictions and problems accumulated in the early Three Gorges resettlement work. An ordinary traffic accident, a simple criminal case, or even a lie fabricated to embolden people may lead to an irrational venting of the collective unconsciousness of the group. This mentality of dissatisfaction with society, the government, and reality may be worse than that of the group. The sexual incident itself is scarier. In the process of social transformation, the people's extreme distrust of local governments and the extremely fragile public mentality are the greatest dangers to social stability.