How to evaluate bids

In the process of bidding and purchasing, a lot of information needs to be kept secret for a certain period or even a long time, including the list of potential bidding suppliers, the list of members of the bid evaluation Committee, the pre-tender estimate, the commercial secrets of suppliers and so on. If the confidentiality work is not done in place, it will inevitably affect the fairness of the bidding and procurement results. Therefore, the confidentiality of bidding needs to be guarded everywhere, not only to prevent the leakage of the bid evaluation process, but also to keep many details confidential.

Information leakage undermines the mechanism of fair competition.

In the pre-demonstration and design stage of the bidding project, suppliers who are good at public relations and exploiting loopholes often use the means of "sugar-coated cannonball" to win over and corrode the handling personnel of the purchasing unit in order to obtain some information that should not be known first, and then occupy a favorable position in the bidding activities. Some purchasing units' managers are of low quality and can't stand the temptation of interests, and they will also take the initiative to find target suppliers to disclose key information to them, which will cast a shadow over fair competition.

In the process of bidding activities, "openness" mainly involves three aspects. First, after the bidding agency takes over the procurement task, but the bidding information has not been made public, the bidding agency and its personnel disclose the relevant contents of the bidding matters to a single supplier in advance; Second, the bidding procurement unit and relevant staff disclose the names and quantities of potential bidders who have obtained the bidding documents to others, so that others can know the basic situation of competitors. Although this kind of behavior is sometimes caused by unintentional or negligence in the work, it is very likely that bidders collude in bidding and reach a "secret agreement" to carve up improperly high profits, which is manifested in driving up the bidding price and increasing the expenditure of the purchaser; Third, the personnel of the bidding procurement unit disclose the "pre-tender estimate" and "evaluation criteria" to potential bidders, so that the suppliers who have obtained the "pre-tender estimate" and know the "evaluation criteria" can "have a definite purpose" in their quotations, which can directly affect the bidding results.

In bid evaluation, judging from the selection of judges, tendering agencies usually adopt the principle of random on-site selection before bid opening, which is worth popularizing. However, some tendering agencies inform the members of the bidders' jury before the bid opening to show the standardization of the procedures and give bidders enough time and opportunities to engage in "small moves" and "work". Judging from the scale of the judges' library, if the number of judges in the judges' library is limited and there is little choice, the bidder can completely "cut off the supply" before the start of the bidding activity, so there is also the problem of leaking secrets in the establishment and use of the judges' library; Judging from the supervision of bid evaluation, in some bidding activities, many judges always carry communication tools and use them on the spot, which objectively provides the possibility for judges to leak secrets. The independent bid evaluation advocated at present also provides a private space for judges to leak secrets.

After the bidding activity, it seems that the confidentiality of bidding is insignificant. In fact, the really important confidentiality should be in the "post-bidding period", and the core thing in this period is the bidder's business secrets. Some tendering agencies are lax in the management of bidding materials, such as data loss and random borrowing. In addition, the quality of their employees is uneven, inadvertently revealing the business secrets of bidders. For successful suppliers, once their powerful trade secrets are exposed, they will lose their advantages, and their competitors will follow suit. For the unsuccessful suppliers, if their business secrets are leaked, the blow will be "fatal".

Pay attention to distinguish the information disclosure period.

The Measures for the Administration of Tendering and Bidding for Government Procurement of Goods and Services stipulates: "The tendering and procurement unit may organize the on-site inspection of potential bidders or hold a question-and-answer meeting before the bid opening according to the specific conditions of the bidding and procurement project, but it shall not organize the on-site inspection of only one bidder alone or separately"; "Before the bid opening, the bidding procurement unit and relevant staff shall not disclose to others the names and quantities of potential bidders who have obtained the bidding documents and other bidding situations that may affect fair competition"; "... the list of members of the bid evaluation committee shall be determined in principle before the bid opening, and kept confidential until the bid winning result is determined"; "Suppliers have questions about government procurement matters, which can be put forward to the purchaser, and the purchaser shall reply in time, but the answer is

The content shall not involve trade secrets.

"

The above provisions create an institutional barrier for information confidentiality in the process of bidding and procurement, which is conducive to operation and implementation.

Reflect openness, fairness and justice.

Employees should strengthen their sense of confidentiality.

First, it is necessary to strengthen the education of clean government and professional ethics for bidding and procurement practitioners.

Constantly improve employees' ideological consciousness

Political quality,

Build a psychological defense line against corruption and change,

So that the majority of government procurement practitioners consciously resist all kinds of violations.

Wind erosion, actively prevent the occurrence of duty crimes.

Second, we should set up a bid evaluation committee at the most appropriate time.

Whether the judging experts randomly selected or not,

Or by

Selection method to determine the bid evaluation experts,

The general principle is that

"

Sooner than later.

"

Practice has proved that,

The time interval is decided by experts.

The long that target time interval,

The easier it is to get wind of it,

The more opportunities there are for speculators.

General procurement items,

receive ready

While consulting the bidding documents,

Unde that supervision of supervisors and notary,

Random sampling or selection on site,

Ensure that when opening bids

Before confirmation and notification are in place, insiders are not allowed to go in and out at will, especially experts are not allowed to bring communication tools into the bid evaluation site.

It is necessary to establish a mechanism to prevent leaks and an emergency remedy mechanism after leaks.

Pay attention to establishing review discipline,

shirk [evade] one's responsibility

Work hard on the accountability system. Employees should take practical actions to prevent the disclosure of government procurement information.

"

underflow

"

The bidding procurement unit shall establish a mechanism to prevent leakage and an emergency remedy mechanism after leakage.

On the one hand, as much as possible

Blocking information disclosure channels and putting an end to bidding information.

"

Run, run, drip, leak

"

On the other hand, there should be comprehensive remedial measures.

And contingency plans,

Once information is leaked, it should be quickly prevented from spreading again.

So as to eliminate the negative effects.

If the leaked information has been

Affect open competition and bidding results,

We must make a quick decision,

Stop bidding activities.

Bidding procurement units should also increase related work.

For the assessed personnel, they can sign.

"

Liability contract

"

Way, explain the task, clear responsibility.

Project bidding embodies openness, fairness, impartiality and merit, and bid evaluation is the core.

Bidding method

, the State Planning Commission and seven ministries.

12

Ministry of Construction Order "Interim Provisions on Bid Evaluation Committee and Bid Evaluation Method"

Eighty-nine

Order "Housing Construction and Municipal Infrastructure Workers"

Measures for the Administration of Bidding for Construction "

(hereinafter referred to as.

12

Order sum

Eighty-nine

Order)

, made specific provisions on bid evaluation. But,

Due to China's investment system,

Engineering pricing system and other factors,

Judging from the project evaluation, many of them are exposed.

The methods, standards, procedures and composition of bid evaluation committees vary from place to place. How to embody the theme

learn,

Justice,

Reasonable bid evaluation in line with engineering practice,

Many explorations and attempts have been made in various places.

I stick to my point of view.

Talk about some views on work practice.

First, several problems in bid evaluation

First, the evaluation method.

12

Order sum

Eighty-nine

The order stipulates the comprehensive evaluation method and the lowest evaluated bid price method.

Or other bid evaluation methods permitted by laws and regulations.

In the actual project bidding,

Generally, the method of quantitative percentage system is adopted.

Bid estimation

Its quantitative index setting and score setting,

It is difficult to accurately weigh its scientific nature.

The construction unit in order to consider since

Egoism,

There are often tendentious opinions on its bid evaluation index and quantitative score.

The standard of grading seems to be male.

Fair and reasonable, but often there will be problems in the specific bid evaluation. How to make a comprehensive evaluation and what indicators should be used? how

Judge the lowest price, etc. It is difficult to determine accurately in practical work.

Second, the issue of judges and experts.

1

according to

12

Order sum

Eighty-nine

Order requirements, qualified experts in the province, prefecture-level cities have established an expert database.

The conditions of the library,

However, in underdeveloped areas, there are few qualified experts.

Assistant engineer with the title of border county in our province.

I can count several.

County-level local engineering projects are extracted from the provincial expert database.

It also involves costs and traffic conditions.

question

The expert database established from the county level will appear again tomorrow.

Bid evaluation,

Nowadays, most local colleges and universities have similar engineering titles.

The strange phenomenon that all bidding construction enterprises invite them out for dinner. 2. The phenomenon of illegal bidding by judges and experts is more prominent in county-level places. Due to the limited conditions, some enterprises try their best to understand the list of experts and attract some experts for a long time. Some judges are sneaking around in the bid evaluation. 3. Generally, the bid evaluation committee should be determined before the bid opening according to the requirements of 12, but it is difficult to accurately grasp the time before the bid opening.

Third, the problems existing in bid evaluation

1, the project bid evaluation generally enters the bid evaluation stage after the bid opening, and many unforeseen problems are often encountered in the bid evaluation. Due to factors such as quotation, pre-tender estimate, differences in tender documents and bid evaluation methods. It is common to have a heated argument in the bid evaluation team. Major deviations and minor deviations cannot be stated in the bidding documents and order numbers. Detailed 12. The tender preparation of the tendering unit cannot be perfect, and there are always some shortcomings. If the evaluation method is rough and the judges have different opinions, it is difficult to form a unified evaluation result. Or the owner is stubborn, and the bid evaluation will not be fair to all bidders. 2. Open, transparent, scientific bid evaluation and effective supervision have always been advocated and hoped by regulatory authorities and tendering units. Because many judges and experts are mostly staff of enterprises and institutions, rather than national civil servants, it is a difficult problem to supervise their bid evaluation and daily behavior. In recent years, the problem of collusion between judges and bidders in violation of discipline is more prominent.

Second, the evaluation problem analysis

First, due to the investment system, project price system and other factors, on the one hand, the project management model is not completely legalized. On the other hand, builders and bidders are accustomed to the traditional project pricing method, and have not formed a benign competitive market and competitive consciousness. 1. China has moved from a planned economy to a market economy, but it has not completely followed the market economy. After all, the bidding of engineering projects has only experienced more than 20 years of history. After all, the "Bidding Law" was promulgated in a short time. At present, it is still in the stage of crossing the river by feeling the stones. 2. Because of the great differences in economic development, human resources and geographical conditions, it is impossible to completely solve the problem by formulating several laws and regulations. 3. For the tangible construction market, the bidding agency, bidding management organization, bidding supervision organization and the supervision system of judges have not been accurately positioned. Especially at the county level, it also involves the establishment, funds, personnel, fees and so on. In some places, project bidding is a mere formality, especially in county-level places, and it also involves issues such as establishment, funds, personnel and expenses. In some places, project bidding is a mere formality, especially bid evaluation, and even controlled by a few people. Lack of complete and systematic management conditions. Second, as we all know, a standardized market needs legal system to manage and operate. The laws and regulations of project bidding will gradually match the needs of market development. But the rule of law needs talents to implement it. Bidding for engineering projects requires the owner to have personnel to manage the project, or to entrust the personnel of intermediary agencies (such as supervision companies), personnel of bidding agencies, experts of judges, personnel of bidding enterprises and several personnel to have a certain professional level, so that the bidding for engineering projects can be carried out normally. In most economically backward places, not to mention the level of bidding enterprises, even the personnel of the operating institutions of project bidding, some of them only graduated from high school or junior high school, and a few of them are not even clear about the minimum professional terms, and have not received professional training. How to manage project bidding well and how to implement bidding laws and regulations in practice?

To sum up, problems in bid evaluation are inevitable, and it is a good thing to expose problems from another angle. If there is a problem, we can study the solution. Third, measures to solve the problem of reasonable and fair evaluation

The bidding procedure of engineering project is very simple, which is nothing more than announcing the project-bidding registration-confirming bidders-bidding-enterprise bidding-bid opening-bid evaluation and calibration. Among them, the preparation of bidding documents is the key, and the core content of bidding documents is the evaluation criteria and methods. Due to different engineering projects, the methods and standards of bid evaluation should also be different. The evaluation criteria and methods are scientific and reasonable and fair to bidders. It is reasonable and fair for the tenderee and the bidder to ensure that the judges and experts conduct fair evaluation according to the evaluation criteria. The author believes that the fairness of bid evaluation should be guaranteed from the following aspects.

Measure 1: The bidding management organization should close the bid evaluation criteria to ensure the scientificity, fairness and rationality of the bid evaluation criteria. The bid evaluation method proposed by the owner or the tendering agency reflects the owner's interests and tendentious opinions to a great extent, and every setting and quantitative index of the bid evaluation method should be carefully studied and analyzed.

① For general civil projects, there is not much technical comparability, and the key is price competition. Its bid evaluation criteria and methods should be standardized and simplified as much as possible. Even non-professionals can easily understand the bid evaluation, so the operation and supervision are very simple. The "Percent Scoring Method" promulgated by our province in 2000 has this feature and has played a positive role. In practical work, we will simplify it again, and the compliance review of tenders will be conducted by professionals and representatives of construction units, supervision units and bidders. The tender shall be sealed separately from the technical tender and the commercial tender. The bid opening and evaluation are divided into two stages: the first stage, the bid opening and evaluation of technical bids. If the construction scheme, mechanical personnel, construction period and conditions meet the requirements, they shall be examined and approved, and if there is little quantitative difference between bidders, they shall be publicized. In the second stage, the bidder and the judge * * * will review, that is, after the commercial bid is issued, the judge and the bidder will jointly calculate the comprehensive pre-tender estimate and quotation score according to the evaluation criteria, and the comprehensive pre-tender estimate and quotation score will be calculated by * * *. Because the calculation formula is fixed, every time the quotation comes out, you can know at a glance what the bidder's quotation score is through formula one. If the technical bid score is added with the quotation score, the bid score is obtained. This reduces the human factors of the judges and greatly increases the transparency of bid evaluation.

(2) For technical, professional and complex engineering projects, the bid evaluation criteria that meet the project shall be formulated separately. Due to different technical requirements, the emphasis is also different, such as bridges and docks with special structures. The focus of the construction party is not the lowest price, but how to ensure its quality technically. For this kind of project, the standard of bid evaluation should fully focus on scientific and reasonable technical objectives, followed by price. Quantitative indicators and numerical values of bid evaluation criteria should be considered from a professional perspective in combination with engineering practice. The methods of bid opening, bid evaluation and bid selection should not be the same as those of general projects. Only when the technical bid has passed the evaluation can it enter the commercial bid evaluation, that is, participate in price competition.

Measure 2: ① Select bid evaluation experts by combining random selection with direct employment. Considering the local conditions, the number of evaluation experts is appropriate. When determining the judges' experts, the experts in the expert database will be randomly selected before the bid evaluation, and other experts will be hired directly. The determination of judges is based on the principle of randomness and combination with engineering practice, which makes it impossible for bidders to do work before bidding. (2) For the experts hired as judges, detailed judges' manuals shall be formulated to clarify their responsibilities, rights, interests and obligations, and written letters of appointment shall be issued by the employing agencies, which shall be filed by the bidding management agencies and supervision departments. Once it is decided to participate in the bid evaluation before bidding, the judges naturally understand that they are included in the key supervision object within the time limit. (3) When evaluating general projects, the judges can randomly determine. If the investment is large and the technology is complex, the experts directly hire professional experts, and the experts from provinces, prefectures and counties combine to ensure the rationality of the evaluation of technical and commercial tenders.

Measures 3, ① How to get the evaluation results of the project is the concern of the tenderee. The project bid evaluation can adopt the method of news unit intervention. The judges' comments are all made under the camera. When evaluating bids, the judges' score sheet shall be signed in real name, and the score sheet after bid evaluation shall be audited by the supervision unit. If there are no problems, it will be stored in the file. (2) After the bid evaluation results are notified to all bidders, the effective time is 24 hours or longer, so that the bidders have time to complain. If a bidder finds that individual judges participating in the bid evaluation have violated laws and regulations, which affects the fairness of bid evaluation, he may apply to the supervision department for reconsideration, and the supervision department will organize a review. In short, the scientificity and fairness of bid evaluation should be fully integrated with our actual situation. With China's accession to the WTO, economic development needs a level playing field. With the gradual deepening of the country's rectification and standardization of the market economic order, it is inevitable that the bid evaluation should be fair and reasonable. Due to China's different national conditions, different places, different projects and different situations, the specific methods of bid evaluation should also be different. But the method, process and result of bid evaluation should be fair, and the construction market will be fair.

Comprehensive bid evaluation method and lowest bid evaluation method

2010-06-011:08:15 | classification: bidding management | font size subscription comprehensive bid evaluation method and lowest bid evaluation method.

The main bid evaluation methods all have their own characteristics, emphases and difficulties.

Article 4 1 of the Bidding Law stipulates that

Article 41 The bid of the winning bidder shall meet one of the following conditions:

(a) to meet the comprehensive evaluation criteria specified in the tender documents to the maximum extent;

(two) to meet the substantive requirements of the tender documents, and the evaluated bid price is the lowest; Only the bid price is lower than the cost.

It can be seen from this clause that the main bid evaluation method is (1) comprehensive bid evaluation method; (2) The lowest bid evaluation method.

I. Comprehensive bid evaluation method: (commonly known as "scoring method")

Features: All terms related to the qualification, technology, business and service of the tenderer are converted into a certain score, with a total score of 10. Review and check each indicator of the bidder, and give the score. Finally, the bidder with the highest score was selected as the winning bidder.

When evaluating bids, the judges score independently and do not discuss with each other; Finally, summarize the scores.

Advantages:

1, it is relatively easy to formulate bid evaluation methods and standards for specific projects;

2. When evaluating bids, the judges can easily "score" against the standards;

Key points:

1, the specific items, indicators and scores to be evaluated must be listed in advance in the bidding documents;

2. Formulate bid evaluation criteria according to relevant laws and regulations, and shall not be modified without authorization; For example, the price share accounts for 30-60% and cannot be changed beyond the quota.

3. The standard of score value should not be too general. You can't set the "price score" to 40 points without detailed rules; To explain the specific score of each bidder, it is necessary to subdivide the indicators of each item, including "technical score of 30", including those assessment indicators, and the standard method of how to calculate the score or deduction.

Difficulties:

1, it is difficult to formulate the scoring standard in detail, accurate to every score;

2. It is difficult to find the balance between standard scores such as technology and price;

3. Specific parameters and calculation methods such as "benchmark price" are difficult to formulate and publish in advance; Especially at present, there are many unfair competition behaviors that are easily destroyed by individual bidders or judges;

4. It is difficult to meet the wishes of the tenderee to the greatest extent after the standards are refined.

Disadvantages:

1, the specific implementation, bid evaluation methods and standards may be varied, it is difficult to unify and standardize;

2, in the absence of pre-qualification bidding, it is easy to set unreasonable qualifications, leading to "discriminatory" terms, resulting in injustice, resulting in

3. If the grading standard is not detailed enough, the "discretion" of the members of the bid evaluation committee is easy to be too large;

4. The phenomenon of "the highest bidder wins" is easy to occur, which causes doubts about government procurement and bidding.

Second, the lowest evaluated bid winning method:

Features: The bidder's technical, commercial and service-related index requirements are converted into prices according to unified standards, and the lowest bidder is the winning bidder. When evaluating bids, the members of the bid evaluation committee may be of the same major or different majors, which are complementary; You can discuss and negotiate with the judges, put forward opinions independently and summarize the evaluation conclusions.

Key points:

1, for qualifications, qualifications, performance and other conditions, adopt "qualified pass"; Methods to eliminate unqualified ". Be superior to or exceed, refuse.

For example, the current practice of international bidding for mechanical and electrical products is: first, conduct a "preliminary review", that is, a "conformity review" (review whether there is a power of attorney from the legal representative;

Whether to sign, etc. )-then review the compliance of business conditions-then review the compliance of technical indicators-and then convert the price; Finally, make a comparison.

2. Under special circumstances, it is allowed to "increase the price" for bidders under certain circumstances. For example, in international bidding, for "domestic production and domestic supply", 15% of "price increase" is directly allowed, that is, the bid for domestic production and supply is compared with the bid price of direct import after+15%, and the lowest bidder wins the bid. Where technical and commercial indicators allow deviation, the deviation part will also be converted by "price increase", which is generally 0.5%.

Advantages:

1, which is most suitable for public procurement with funds such as financial funds, and better reflects the purpose of "just need" public procurement.

2. Under the principle of not violating laws and regulations, meet the requirements and wishes of the tenderee to the maximum extent;

3, through competition, highlight the characteristics of bidding can save money, according to statistics, the general saving rate is about 10%.

4. Scientific and meticulous bid evaluation; Each bidder can be informed of the reasons for not winning the bid.

Disadvantages:

1, the preparatory work in the early stage (before bidding) requires higher requirements; In particular, as long as one of the key technical and commercial indicators that need to be marked with "*" does not meet the requirements of the tenderer, it can be judged as "substantially not responding to the requirements of the tender", regarded as "unqualified" and cannot be re-entered.

2. When evaluating bids, the requirements for the judges are relatively high; It needs careful evaluation and calculation to get the result. It takes time.

3, although in most cases, the problem of "the highest price wins" is avoided; However, for some projects that use public funds but have competitive needs, it is difficult to accurately delineate the conversion relationship between "technical indicators" and prices, and it does not reflect the true meaning of "cost performance"; For example, the current international bidding.

Positive deviation (high-level technical factors, the price increase factor is only 0.5%, and sometimes it does not reflect the real level gap; Even if the tenderee has funds, it will introduce higher-level and higher-priced equipment and technology.