Knowledge points of senior high school English grammar by People's Education Press.

The width, thickness and accuracy of knowledge determine the maturity of people. Everyone is more successful than others, just learning a little more knowledge and using a little more heart. Next, I will share with you some grammar knowledge of senior high school English taught by others, hoping to help you. Welcome to read!

People's Education Press Senior High School English Grammar Knowledge 1

Countable nouns and their singular and plural

countable nouns have two forms. When referring to a person or thing, use the singular form; Used in the plural when referring to two or more people or things.

When using the countable noun singular, be sure to add the indefinite article a/an.

(memory formula for changing the complex number)

When the singular number is changed into the complex number, remember the rules;

There are several special points, which are often taken in the college entrance examination.

The rules for changing the singular form of nouns into plural form are as follows:

1 Add -s

to the suffix of general nouns, such as: book → books

room → houses

day → days

2 Nouns ending in s, ss, ch, sh, x, Add -es

such as: bus → busses

glass → glasses

watch → watches

dish → dishes

box → boxes

3 nouns ending in "consonant +y". You should first change y to I and then add -es

such as: city → cities

body → bodies

factory → factors

4 nouns ending in f/fe. If you want to change f/fe to V and add -es

, such as: half → halves

leaf → leaves

knife → knives

wife → wives

5 special cases [whispers: special cases are often tested, Remember the rules]

1. man → men

woman → women

policeman → policeman

(rule: man → men)

2. tomato → tomatoes

potatoes

[law: animate plus -es, inanimate plus-s]

3. foot → feet

teeth → teeth

[law: oo becomes ee]

4. sheep

[Law: simple and complex homomorphism: the word form is unchangeable when it is changed into plural]

5. people means plural meaning, and requires the predicate verb to be plural; After people plus -s, people usually refers to "multiple nationalities".

[rule: collective nouns are only plural: people is special, Predicate in plural]

People's Education Edition Senior High School English Grammar Knowledge 2

Five usages of prepositions

English often uses prepositions to express the relationship between words

1. Time

1)at means at a certain time: at 3 o'clock

2). In means a certain point or points in a certain period of time: in 24

in means the end point of a certain period of time: I'll see you again in a week.

3) During means all the time in a certain period of time: during the first period

4) on means on a certain day/ Date or one of the paragraphs: on Monday, On Sunday morning

5) by means no later than a certain time: by now

2. Location

1)at means somewhere (not elsewhere): at school

2) in means inside or within a certain range: in the office

3). On means to be in contact with a plane: on the table

4) outside means to be out of a certain range: outside world

5) under means to be lower than a certain position or under a certain surface: under a chair

6). By means of approaching or approaching: by the window

3. Reason

1)because of means because of or on the grounds of …: because of my father

2) for means the purpose, goal or intention of an action or activity: for sale

3) out of means the origin, Source or reason: out of duty

4. Mode

1)with means in a certain way: with skill

2)in means in a certain way: in French, in cash, In this way

5. method

1) by means: by the back road, by bus, by working hard

2) on means of transportation: on a train, On foot

3) in indicates ways or materials: in oils

People's Education Press Senior High School English Grammar Knowledge 3

Modal verbs

1. can and could

1. The usage of can

(1) indicates physical and mental abilities.

(2) means to make a subjective guess about the current action or state, which is mainly used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

(3) indicates the possibility, theoretical possibility, meaning "sometimes it may", which can be used in affirmative sentences.

(4) indicates permission, which is close to may.

(5) indicates the speaker's speculation, doubt, surprise, guess or uncertainty, which is mainly used in negative sentences, interrogative sentences or exclamatory sentences.

(6) The special sentence pattern of can

can … too/enough means "no matter what. . . Not too much. " "The more. . . The better. "

cannot but+ do sth. means "have to".

2. The usage of could

(1) indicates the ability and refers to the past time.

(2) indicates permission and refers to the past time.

(3) indicates possibility, which can refer to the past time or the present time, indicating that the tone is relaxed.

(4) politely asking questions or stating opinions refers to the present time. It is mainly used for interrogative sentences, and can is used when answering.

3. the difference between can and could

can table is only used for negative sentences and interrogative sentences (could has no such restriction). Couldn't is less likely than can 't.

4. The difference between can and be able to

(1) There is no difference in the present tense, but the latter is not commonly used.

(2) upon completion; When can is not finished, have(has,had)been able to should be used at this time.

(3) Future tense: When can has no future, you should use will be able to.

(4) past tense: could stands for general ability, and was/were able to stand for the ability to succeed in doing something through hard work in specific situations.

2. may and might

1. Usage of may

(1) means to ask or explain whether something can be done.

(2) indicates that something may happen or a certain situation may exist, which is usually used in affirmative and negative sentences.

note: when expressing possibility, can't has a strong tone, which means "impossible", and may not has a weak tone, which means "maybe not".

2. The usage of might

(1) means to ask or allow, and refers to the past time.

(2) indicates what may happen, which can refer to the past time or the present time. The tone is more uncertain and the possibility is less than that of May.

3. Special usage of may and might

(1) "May+subject+verb prototype" expresses wishes.

(2) "may/mightwell+verb prototype" means (complete) ability, probably.

(3) "may/might as well+verb prototype" means the best, but it is better to be full.

(4)may be is a structure of "modal verb+copulative verb be", which means "maybe there is, maybe there is", and the negative form is may not be.

maybe is a word, which is an adverb, meaning "probably, maybe, maybe" and used as an adverbial in a sentence.

Third, the usage of must

1. Express "must" and emphasize the speaker's subjective views.

2. The difference between "must" and "have to":

(1) "must" means the speaker's obligation or the speaker's subjective belief that "must, should" do something; Have to means to "have to" do something for some external reason. That is, must focuses on subjective views, and have to emphasizes objective needs.

(2) there is only one form of must, which can be used in the present, past or future tense, but there are different forms of have to, which can be used in different tenses.

(3) In negative sentences, don't need to, don't have to, need to; Mustn't stands for prohibition.

3. The negative form of must, must not/ mustn't, means "no, no", which means absolute prohibition. Needn't or don't have to be used if it means "unnecessary, unnecessary".

note: when giving a negative answer to must, use needn't or don't have to instead of mustn't.

4. must means "unluckily", instructing people to do unpleasant things.

5. must is used to express speculation, which means I "must be, must be". It is generally used in affirmative sentences, and the degree of certainty is much greater than that of May and Maybe.

4. Usage of need

1. need is used as a modal verb, followed by the prototype of the verb, usually used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

2. When you answer need, you must answer with MUST, and you must answer with needn't or don't have to.

3. When need is used as a notional verb, there are changes in tense, person and number, followed by to do.

4. The logical subject of infinitives in need to do and need doing

need to do is the subject of the main clause; Need doing is an active form to express passive meaning, that is, the subject before need is the recipient of the action indicated by the verb after need.

note: want and require are used in the same way as need.

5. needn't have done and didn't need to do

Needn't have done in the past but actually did something

didn't need to do in the past but actually didn't do something

5. Use of dare

1. dare is used as a modal verb, followed by a verb. It has no change in person dared number, but it has a past tense.

2. When dare is used as a notional verb, there are changes in tense, person and number, followed by to do.

note: (1)I dare say means "I think, I believe, probably".

(2)dare, when used as a notional verb, means "dare to take risks, not everything".

(3)dare can be used to provoke or challenge. Example: He dared me to jump down.

VI. will and would

1. Usage of will

(1) It can express subjective will and will, and can be used in various persons.

(2) It can express regularity, habitude, tendency, etc., meaning "often, used to, always".

(3) indicates an order (saying that it is certain that the order will be carried out) or a promise.

(4)will can be used as an additional question in imperative sentences.

(5) Used in interrogative sentences, indicating "invite, request", often used with the second person "you".

2. Usage of would

(1) As the past tense of will, it is used in the past tense to express subjective desire or will, meaning "willing, determined".

(2) It is more polite than will to use the second person to express humble request or advice.

(3) indicates past habits, followed by the prototype verb, meaning "always, always".

(4) Will is used in phrases.

Would like "like, want" (=would love)

Would rather ".

7. shall and should

1. usage of shall

(1)shall is used in the first and third person statements to indicate that the speaker asks for the other person's opinion or asks for instructions from the other party.

(2)shall is used in the second and third person statements to indicate the order, warning, promise or threat given by the speaker to the other party.

(3) Used as the owner, indicating rules, decrees, predictions, etc., which can be translated as "necessary".

2. The usage of should

(1) means obligation, responsibility or advice, suggestion, order, etc., which means "should"