Reflections on social self-rescue, stampedes, fires, and earthquakes

Be sure to pay careful attention to the prevention and self-rescue of earthquake, fire and flood! It is best to collect earthquake, fire and flood prevention and self-rescue. Be sure to read carefully! It is best to collect the signs of earthquakes 1. Abnormal groundwater causes underground rock formations to be squeezed or stretched, causing the groundwater level to rise or fall; or gases and certain substances inside the earth's crust to overflow with water, causing groundwater to bubble, become muddy, and change flavor. Well water is a treasure. The precursors come early. The weather is muddy, the water in the well comes out due to drought, the water level changes greatly, bubbles appear, some change color, and some change taste. 2． Animal Abnormalities Because animals are in a competition for survival, some sense organs are extremely sensitive to physical and chemical changes in the outside world. According to statistics, there are dozens of animals with abnormal reactions. Therefore, earthquake protection can be done based on these early earthquake signs. For example, for large livestock, one or two days before an earthquake, cattle, horses, etc. often appear unable to enter the pen, jump around, neigh, become restless, and eat less, etc. For general domestic animals, one or two days before the earthquake, some pigs and sheep did not eat, became restless and ran around; dogs kept barking wildly; chickens did not enter the nest and kept crying; ducks did not go into the water; rabbits jumped around and were frightened. Uneasy; pigeons flew away a few days before the earthquake and did not return to their nests; bees flew away one by one. Cave-dwelling animals, mice suddenly ran away, and some moved away with little mice in their mouths; some hibernating snakes and voles crawled out of their holes, and some snakes hurriedly climbed into trees. Aquatic animals, fish jump in panic, swim to the shore, turn their bellies, etc. Animals have warnings before the earthquake; rats move here and flee; chickens fly up trees and pigs make pens; ducks don't go into the water and dogs bark loudly; hibernating snakes come out of their holes early; fish jump out of the water in panic. 3． Ground light and ground sound. Ground light and ground sound are the lights and sounds emitted from the underground or the ground on the eve of or during an earthquake. They are important warning signs of an impending earthquake. Animals have warning signs before earthquakes. Group detection and prevention are very important. Cattle, sheep, mules and horses are not allowed to enter the stables, and pigs are not allowed to eat. Dogs bite them indiscriminately. Ducks don't go into the water and make noise on the shore, while chickens fly up the trees and crow loudly. Snakes come out of their holes in the ice and snow, and rats run away with mice in their mouths. Rabbits jumped and bumped with their ears raised, and fish jumped across the water in panic. The swarms of bees are noisy, and the doves are frightened and cannot return to their nests. Every household is observed and any abnormality is reported quickly. In addition, some plants also had abnormal reactions before the earthquake, such as germinating, flowering, and fruiting out of season, or large areas of wilting and abnormal luxuriance. Before earthquakes, the weather often appears abnormal. The main symptoms include muggy heat before the earthquake, anxiety and irritability, long drought without rain or continuous rain, yellow fog, dark sunlight, strange winds, hail in June, etc. Self-rescue and first aid when an earthquake occurs. When an earthquake occurs, you must keep a clear head and choose shock absorbers. Take shelter nearby during the earthquake and quickly evacuate to a safe place after the earthquake. This is a better method for emergency shock absorbers. It only takes 12 seconds on average from when people feel the vibrations to when buildings are damaged in a destructive earthquake. During this short period of time, citizens should make quick safety decisions based on their environment. , decisions should be made quickly to ensure safety based on the environment. If you live in a bungalow, you can quickly run out the door. If you live in a building, do not jump off the building. You should immediately cut off the electric switch, turn off the gas, and temporarily evacuate to a small span such as the bathroom, or under a table, bed, etc., and evacuate quickly after the earthquake to prevent strong aftershocks. - Find hiding places first when there are many people. If there is an earthquake in schools, shops, theaters and other crowded places, you should avoid panic. You should hide under desks, chairs or solid objects immediately, and then evacuate in an orderly manner after the earthquake. Teachers and other on-site staff must calmly direct people to avoid earthquakes on the spot and must not take the lead in running around. If there is an earthquake in crowded places such as schools, shops, theaters, etc., don’t panic. Find a hiding place immediately. Try to hide under tables, chairs or solid objects. When a major earthquake strikes suddenly, if the initial magnitude is not high, people should quickly leave the building complex and disperse to open spaces. Those who are too late to leave the building are often buried or injured by collapsed houses. In a destructive earthquake, the time from when people feel the shaking to when the building is damaged is very short. If you are in a bungalow, you can quickly run out the door. If you are in a building, do not jump off the building. Take temporary refuge in a small space such as the bathroom, and evacuate quickly after the earthquake to prevent strong aftershocks. If you encounter an earthquake on the street, protect your head with your hands and quickly move away from the building to the center of the street. If you encounter an earthquake in the countryside, be careful to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high-voltage lines. Moving cars and trains must stop immediately. When you are in a building, never jump off. If you are unfortunately buried under rubble after an earthquake, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. When you are unable to escape, you must conserve your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait patiently for rescue.

Judging from the data of the Tangshan earthquake in my country, the reason why some people were able to survive in the buried rubble was because: 1. They did not suffer fatal internal organ injuries; 2. They tried to find a way out morally and found a vent; 2. Prevention of earthquake fires and floods Be sure to read carefully about self-rescue! It is best to collect it, then find the exit, and quickly escape from the ruins of the nephew's collapsed house; 3. When you do not hear the sound of digging or paging, don't yell or roll around needlessly. Panic and yelling will speed up the process. Metabolism, increased oxygen consumption, and inhalation of large amounts of smoke and dust can cause suffocation. Self-rescue and mutual rescue skills when an earthquake occurs: 1. Stay calm. Some people have observed that many of the victims in the earthquake were not injured or crushed to death because of the collapse of their houses, but died of mental breakdown, lost hope of survival, yelled and screamed, and were "strangled" in extreme fear. own. Yelling will accelerate metabolism, increase oxygen consumption, reduce physical strength, and reduce tolerance; at the same time, yelling will definitely inhale a large amount of smoke and dust, which can easily cause suffocation and increase unnecessary casualties. The correct attitude is to always remain calm in any harsh environment, analyze the situation, find a way out, and wait for rescue. 2. Stop bleeding and fixate. Smashing and crushing injuries are common injuries during earthquakes. For open wounds and external bleeding, you should first stop the bleeding and raise the affected limb while calling for help. For open fractures, on-site reduction should not be performed to prevent further tissue injury. Generally, the wound surface is covered with clean gauze and briefly fixed before operation. Fractures in different parts need to be fixed according to different requirements. They will be classified and graded based on different injuries and conditions, and sent to the hospital for further treatment. 3. Treat the wound properly. In the event of a crush injury, you should try to relieve the heavy pressure as soon as possible. If you encounter a large area of ??trauma, you should keep the wound clean and wrap it with clean gauze. If you suspect tetanus or Aerobacillus infection, you should contact the hospital immediately for timely diagnosis and treatment. treat. For those with large-area trauma or severe trauma, sugar and saline can be taken orally to prevent shock. 4. Prevent fire. Earthquakes often cause many "secondary disasters", fire is a common one. In a fire, you should leave the fire scene as soon as possible, take off your burning clothes and hats, cover yourself with wet clothes, lie down and roll around, or pour water directly to extinguish the fire. Do not use your hands to fight the flames, otherwise your hands will be burned. Wrap it with sterile gauze or clean cloth and send it to the hospital for further treatment. For self-rescue fires in various disasters, you can use fire elevators and indoor stairs to escape. You must not ride in ordinary elevators, because ordinary elevators are easy to lose power and have no smoke prevention effect. There is a great possibility of getting stuck in the air when a fire breaks out. At the same time, you can also use the water pipes on balconies, corridors, and building exterior walls to escape. After a fire breaks out, thick smoke will be produced. Stop immediately when encountering thick smoke. Do not try to rush out of the fireworks and crawl in a low position in the thick smoke. Due to the rising effect of hot air, a large amount of thick smoke will float on the upper level of the thick smoke generated in the fire. Therefore, there should be air below 30 cm from the ground during the fire. Therefore, try to crawl in a low posture in the thick smoke, with your head down. Keep it as close to the ground as possible. When escaping from thick smoke, if the human body is not properly protected, it is easy to inhale the smoke into the human body, causing fainting or suffocation. At the same time, the eyes may also be irritated by the smoke and sting and cannot be opened. At this time, you can use a transparent plastic bag. Transparent plastic bags can be used regardless of size. Use a large plastic bag to cover the entire head and provide enough air for escape. If there are no large plastic bags, small plastic bags can be used. Plastic bags can also be used. Although they cannot completely cover the head, they can also cover the mouth and nose to provide the air needed for escape. When using a plastic bag, be sure to open it fully, but never blow it open with your mouth, because the gas blown in is carbon dioxide, which will be counterproductive. If you hear an alarm at night, you should first touch the door with the back of your hand to see if the door has become hot. If it is hot, the door cannot be opened, otherwise smoke and fire will rush into the bedroom; if the door is not hot, , the fire may not be big, and it is possible to escape from the room through normal means. After leaving the room, be sure to close the door behind you to prevent the fire from spreading. In short, when a fire breaks out, you must take active action and not just sit back and wait. The most common accidents encountered when swimming include cramps, falling into a whirlpool, and getting entangled in water plants. In the event that these situations occur, the following self-rescue methods should be adopted: l. When encountering an accident, you should stay calm and do not panic. You should call on others for help while trying to save yourself. 2． When cramps occur while swimming, if you are very close to the shore, you should get out of the water immediately and go to the shore for massage; if you are far away from the shore, you can adopt a backswimming posture and float on the water as much as possible to prevent the cramped hands and feet from freezing. Do not Roasting it over a fire or soaking it in hot water can cause frostbite or even ulceration.

So what is the correct approach? 1． You should return to a warm environment to slowly increase the temperature of the frozen parts. 2． If you are in the wild, you should try to wrap your hands and feet with a coat, etc. You can also use each other's body temperature to warm your frozen hands and feet. 3． The most effective method is to rub it with your hands to increase the temperature through friction and promote your own blood circulation to return to normal. 4. If younger students find someone in danger, they should not rush to rescue them. They should shout loudly to adults for help. In an emergency, the correct way to save people is to extend sticks, ropes, etc. to the person who falls into the water. You should lie down on the ice to rescue yourself. You must prevent yourself from accidents when rescuing others!