I want to complete a handwritten newspaper. The theme is "Environmental Protection". I hope everyone can provide information. If you can teach me how to design it, once it is adopted, 20 points will b

I want to complete a handwritten newspaper. The theme is "Environmental Protection". I hope everyone can provide information. If you can teach me how to design it, once it is adopted, 20 points will be added.

Environmental protection is human beings’ conscious protection of natural resources and their rational use to prevent the natural environment from being polluted and damaged; the polluted and damaged environment must be comprehensively managed to create a environment suitable for The environment in which humans live and work. Environmental protection refers to the general term for various actions taken by humans to solve actual or potential environmental problems, coordinate the relationship between humans and the environment, and ensure the sustainable development of the economy and society. The methods and means include engineering technology, administrative management, legal, economic, publicity and education, etc. Its main contents include:

1. Thinking of drinking pure water

Nowadays, drinking water is becoming a trend. Although the media has introduced various disadvantages of drinking water more than once, the "drinking water" group is still expanding day by day.

< p> Drinking water not only refers to pure water, but also includes mineral water, distilled water and even space water, etc. The tap water we grew up drinking has become a relatively "non-drinking water". We do not rule out that drinking water is currently popular. Hype has played a certain role, but it reflects that the current seriousness of water pollution has reached a level that is unpalatable.

It is reported that: "According to a survey of 798 cities and towns across the country in 1979, the National Day The sewage discharge amount is 2.58 million tons for the country and the people, of which 819 are industrial wastewater and 199 are domestic sewage. In 1989, a survey of 854 cities and towns at the National Congress found that the daily discharge amount reached 36.53 billion tons. Among them, 550 million were industrial wastewater. tons. Most of this wastewater is discharged directly without treatment, polluting rivers, lakes and seas.

In addition, there is an indisputable fact in front of every Shanghainese. The Huangpu River, the mother river of Shanghai, Before the mid-1950s (1958), it was a river with clear water quality and swarms of fish and shrimp. In 1962, the water quality began to be polluted. In 1963, a 22-day black and smelly period began to appear. In 1988, it rose to 29 days, accounting for about 10% of the year. 2/3, the river section with unqualified water quality accounts for 64.5km, accounting for 56.99% of the total length of 113.5km.

The harm of water pollution is self-evident. Water pollution and deterioration of water quality are harmful to human health and Human life and production have brought serious harm.

Water is an important substance for human survival. Clean people can bring people lush flowers and trees, birds singing and fragrance of flowers, tranquility and comfort, and beautiful and picturesque beauty. The environment brings tranquility, joy and peace to people. But today's polluted water brings pain, terror and disaster to people. In order to make life better, let the beautiful mountains and rivers stay in the world forever and let the clear water flow continuously. People have become more and more aware of the importance of preventing water pollution.

2. "Environmental Protection Storm"

In 2005, an "Environmental Protection Storm" blew up in mainland China , 30 projects under construction with a total investment of more than 117.9 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including three projects of the Three Gorges Corporation, which are also ministerial-level units. The reason is that these projects have not yet undergone environmental impact assessment and are unqualified. Illegal projects built in advance.

There is no way back from environmental degradation. China’s environmental problems did not begin today. As early as the 1990s, environmental pollution problems were already very serious, such as in the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, 80% of the water quality was classified as Category 5. The entire Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all year round. In 1995, the economic losses caused by environmental pollution reached 187.5 billion yuan.

According to estimates by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, currently. The losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction have accounted for 15% of the total GDP, which means that one side has an economic growth of 9%, and the other side has a loss rate of 15%. Environmental issues are no longer just a problem for China's sustainable development, but have become a demon that devours economic results.

At present, China’s desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; 471 counties in 18 provinces and autonomous regions, and the cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people are being threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still It is growing at a rate of more than 10,000 square kilometers per year.

Among the seven major river systems, more than 40% of the water has no use value at all. Of the 668 cities across the country, more than 400 are suffering from water shortages. Many of them are caused by water pollution.

For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is located at the intersection of the Yongjiang River, the Yaojiang River, and the Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, water trucks have to run day and night to transport water from rural rivers to various places in the city. enterprise.

China’s average industrial added value of 10,000 yuan consumes 330 cubic meters of water and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage; for every 100 million yuan of GDP created, 288,000 tons of wastewater are discharged. There is also a large amount of domestic sewage. More than 80% of it is discharged directly into rivers without treatment. In less than 10 years, China will be without water.

One-third of the country’s urban population breathes severely polluted air, and one-third of the country’s land is eroded by acid rain. In the economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 11% in Shanghai and about 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo, Wenzhou, etc., the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.

In China, the maximum amount of sulfur dioxide emissions allowed to basically eliminate acid rain pollution is 12 million to 14 million tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 21.587 million tons, an increase of 12% over 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 14.7%. at the current rate of economic development. As well as the methods and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emissions from thermal power plants across the country alone will reach more than 21 million tons, and the total emissions will exceed the atmospheric environment capacity by more than 1 times. This will be a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. disaster.

On January 27, someone predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland that if no measures are taken, the sudden environmental crisis in human history will most likely cause the greatest damage to the economic and social systems in the near future. appear in China in the future.

Pollution control is in a dilemma. There is a saying that in order to control the environment while developing the economy, investment in environmental protection must reach more than 1.5% of GDP. But this is when environmental protection is already very good. In China, according to Shanghai's experience, to truly and effectively control the environment, investment in environmental protection must account for more than 3% of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of the 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption" with large investment and small contribution to GDP. Therefore, some special funds that should be used for environmental protection are also misappropriated for other purposes.

At present, China is in a dilemma regarding environmental issues: if it does not manage it, the future cannot be guaranteed; if it really needs to be managed, it will require large-scale investment, and the current economy will be unbearable.

Someone has calculated that the enterprises around Yunnan Dianchi Lake have only created a few billion yuan in output value in the past 20 years, but to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi Lake, at least tens of billions of yuan will be spent. It is the annual fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province. The cumulative output value of small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin in 20 years is only 50 billion yuan. But to control the pollution caused by it, even if the main stream reaches the minimum irrigation water standard, 300 billion yuan will be needed. To restore the water quality to Category III in the 1970s would not only cost a terrible amount, but would also take at least 100 years.

The cost of breaking the law is low, but the cost of law enforcement is high. From a micro perspective, in the past 20 years, when the domestic manufacturing industry was unable to rely on technological progress to reduce energy consumption and costs, it could only tap its potential in two aspects: One is wages, and the other is environmental protection. For the simplest things, such as cement production, to meet the minimum environmental protection requirements, each ton of cement needs to increase the cost by 8 yuan, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than 1 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it needs to be treated, it will cost 1.2 to 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase production costs by 5%. And the vast majority of companies simply don't have such high profit margins. Therefore, we can only fight guerrillas on environmental protection issues: either not to build any wastewater treatment facilities; or to use them as decorations after they are built, put the sewage into the treatment tank during the day, and discharge it into the river when no one is around at night, so that we can save money. A big cost. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of the enterprise.

China’s environmental law enforcement has two highs and one low—high cost of compliance, high cost of law enforcement, and low cost of breaking the law, which also contributes to this tendency. Usually, the environmental protection department spends 500,000 yuan to obtain evidence for an illegal discharge incident, and the fine that ultimately falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental protection storm" that is blowing hard. .

Some extremely large power station projects with investments of billions of yuan started construction without authorization in violation of environmental assessment, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. A mere fine of 200,000 yuan is a drop in the bucket for a project with an investment of over 100 million yuan. How can such a punishment deter illegal behavior? Therefore, the Environmental Protection Law has always been called the "Tofu Law".

An environmental protection storm will involve hundreds of thousands of companies, and the result will inevitably be: the bankruptcy of a large number of companies, a large number of people losing their jobs, a significant increase in corporate costs, and the domestic price index rapidly exceeding two levels. number of digits. Therefore, both macro and micro costs are actually unbearable.

Four factors hinder environmental governance. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, summed up the four reasons for the huge resistance encountered by environmental protection departments in the process of law enforcement:

First of all, some Local governments do not fully understand the scientific concept of development and simply pursue economic growth. Some projects that are expressly prohibited such as small smelting, small ferroalloys, and small chemicals with high energy consumption and heavy pollution are actually spreading in some places.

Secondly, some local governments unilaterally emphasize simplifying examination and approval and completing relevant procedures within a time limit when attracting investment. Regardless of whether the project will cause pollution, as long as it comes to invest, it will be approved. In some places, there are illegal phenomena such as "the will of the head" and "get on the bus first, buy the ticket later" in the environmental impact approval of construction projects.

Thirdly, the quality of environmental assessment needs to be improved urgently. Some environmental impact assessment units do not insist on scientific evaluation and do not dare to speak with objective facts and scientific data. The assessment conclusions are vague and ambiguous, and they push the conclusion of the environmental feasibility of the project to the approval department. Some even some environmental impact assessment units commit fraud and fabricate , falsify data, or conceal facts, seriously affecting the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, making environmental impact assessment a mere formality, and losing the basic scientificity and impartiality of third-party consulting agencies.

Finally, information disclosure and public participation are insufficient. my country's current environmental impact assessment system is government-led, and it is obviously insufficient to supervise a huge number of construction projects with limited government power.

In fact, the resistance encountered by the environmental impact assessment law is more driven by economic interests behind it.

China is a big country with very little room for maneuver on the environment, and it is also a rising country that has emerged after global resources and markets have been basically divided up. There is no way for China to wait until the environment becomes extremely bad and then deal with it, like some pioneering countries.

But China is also a developing country. The path taken by others of first developing the economy and then controlling pollution will inevitably be followed by China.

The history of countries around the world has shown that there is a very similar law between economic growth and environmental change: in the process of industrialization of a country, environmental pollution will increase at a high speed in line with the GDP. During the period of growth, especially the era of heavy and chemical industry: when GDP grows to a certain level, with the upgrading of the industrial structure and the increase in residents' willingness to pay for the environment. After reaching a turning point, the pollution level will suddenly decline with the growth of GDP, until the pollution level returns to below the environmental capacity. This is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve. Japan's development process was based on this law.

There is no doubt that it is impossible for China to transcend such an era of heavy and chemical industry. Because China has too many people and the country is too big, it cannot directly enter the high-tech era with the help of global division of labor when its manufacturing industry is not yet developed, like Finland.

In the late 1990s, the author once returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu. Gone are the days when he was a child with clear river water and four towns and eight towns within four villages and towns by boat. What surprised the author is that the main factor causing this situation turned out to be the most common domestic garbage. In China, even without industrial development, the pollutants brought by population growth are enough to degrade the environment to an intolerable level. Even controlling such pollution requires large investments and an economic foundation.

China has a long way to go in dealing with pollution issues. It needs to act in accordance with the law to prevent the occurrence of vicious environmental incidents and slow down the rate of environmental deterioration.

Edit this paragraph Introduction to acid rain:

Rain that is polluted by acidic gases in the atmosphere and has a pH value less than 5.65 is called acid rain.

What is acid? Pure water is neutral and has no taste; lemonade and orange juice are sour, and vinegar is more sour. They are all weak acids; baking soda water is slightly astringent and alkaline, while caustic soda water is astringent. , the alkaline smell is greater, they are alkalis. Scientists found that the sourness is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution; the alkaline smell is related to the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the aqueous solution; then they established an indicator: the negative value of the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, called pH value. Therefore, the pH value of pure water (distilled water) is 7; the greater the acidity, the lower the pH value; the greater the alkalinity, the higher the pH value

Edit this paragraph New concepts of environmental protection: natural economy and society Coordinated Development

The deterioration of the global environment has aroused widespread concern, so environmental protection has attracted increasing attention from all countries. However, because environmental protection may have conflicts with economic development and social issues that are difficult to coordinate to a certain extent, the understanding of the concept of environmental protection has become increasingly novel and reasonable this year.

Environmental protection is to protect the environment in which human beings live from pollution and damage by taking administrative, legal, economic, scientific and technological measures, etc. It also protects and improves the environment according to human wishes. environment, making it better suitable for human labor and life and the survival of living things in nature, and eliminating those adverse factors that damage the environment and endanger human life and survival. The problems to be solved by environmental protection generally include two aspects. One is to protect and improve environmental quality, protect human physical and mental health, and prevent the body from mutating and degenerating under the influence of the environment; the other is to rationally utilize natural resources to reduce or eliminate harmful substances. Substances entering the environment, as well as protecting the restoration and expanded reproduction of natural resources (including biological resources) to benefit human life activities.

Of course, environmental protection must also consider economic growth and social development. Only coordinated development among them is the new concept of environmental protection in the new era.

The quality of environmental protection work is directly related to the stability of the country, and is of great significance in protecting the reproduction of social labor force from destruction.

With the deepening of human understanding of the environment, the view that the environment is a resource is increasingly accepted by people. Air, water, soil, mineral resources, etc. are the natural wealth of society and the material basis for development and production, and constitute the elements of productivity. Due to serious air pollution, air cans were once sold abroad; due to water pollution, climate change, and excessive extraction of groundwater, water shortages have occurred in many parts of the world; due to population growth, misuse of cultivated land, and desertification, land is scarce, and so on. From this we can see that failure to protect the environment and environmental resources will threaten the survival of human society and also affect the sustainable development of the national economy.

At the beginning of this century, industrialized developed countries only focused on economic development, regardless of environmental protection, and pursued economic development at the expense of the environment. When pollution becomes a public hazard, arouses strong opposition from the general public and affects the smooth development of the economy, it is forced to control it and pays a high price. Later generations called it a development path of "pollution first and treatment later". This development method will not only slow down the development of the national economy, but will even destroy the material basis for the development of the national economy. On the other hand, if human beings do not act in accordance with the laws of environmental science and wantonly destroy the ecological environment, they will inevitably suffer environmental retaliation. Statistics show that in 1950, Yunnan Province had a forest coverage rate of 50%, and experienced major floods and droughts every nine years on average. Due to deforestation and other damage, the forest coverage rate was only 24.9% in 1980, which affected the climate regulation effect. Between 1950 and 1980, 11 disasters occurred, causing serious damage to agricultural production. This is the revenge given to mankind by the environment.