How to grow broccoli? What are the planting techniques?

Broccoli, also known as broccoli, is a semi-cold-tolerant vegetable variety, which likes mild and cool climate conditions. It is not resistant to high temperature and heat, but the plant has strong growth potential and certain cold resistance, and it is planted all year round.

First, the cultivation methods of broccoli in different seasons

1, spring ploughing

In spring, we should choose middle-maturing and middle-late-maturing varieties with strong winterness, cold tolerance, heat tolerance, compact plant type, compact flower heads and difficulty in bolting early. In the Yangtze River basin, seedlings are raised in greenhouses about 1 month, sown in March and harvested in April-May. In North China, seedlings of 65438 were planted in greenhouse from mid-February to early October of the following year1October, and then from mid-February to early March. Harvest from early April to early May. The sowing date of open field cultivation is in late March, and seedlings are raised in a small arch shed, and then planted in the open field in late April.

2. Summer cultivation

Summer cultivation should be covered with sunshade net, and the seeds are heat-resistant and disease-resistant, which is an early-maturing variety. Summer is suitable for planting in alpine areas. The sowing time is from mid-May to early June and from mid-June to early July. Harvest from August to early September.

3, autumn cultivation

Autumn cultivation in the open field is the main season for broccoli cultivation. Early, middle and late maturing varieties are acceptable, and it is best to choose high-quality varieties with good heat resistance. The sowing time in the Yangtze River Basin is from June to July, and the harvesting time is 10- 1 1.

4. Cultivation in autumn and winter

Planting in autumn and winter, sowing in July-August, harvesting from February to March in 65438. If11~ 65438+February harvest is selected, it is suggested to choose early-maturing and middle-maturing varieties. If you choose to harvest from 65438+February to 65438+1October in the second year, you should choose middle-maturing and middle-late-maturing varieties with good cold tolerance. And as far as possible, there are varieties of flowers and balls on the main side. If you choose to harvest in winter and spring, you should choose middle-late maturing varieties with stronger cold tolerance and varieties with stronger lateral branching ability.

5, overwintering broccoli cultivation

This season, the sowing date can be decided according to the protection facilities and the time to market. 165438+1early October to1mid-October. If the seedlings are raised in late September of 10 to late September of 10, you can choose to raise seedlings in the open field. If the sowing time is late, you should raise seedlings in the protected area.

Second, the cultivation techniques of broccoli

1, sowing and seedling raising

Seedbed preparation: In the hot and rainy season, it is best to use seedling tray to raise seedlings. To raise seedlings in the open field, we should choose plots with high drought, good ventilation and convenient watering. At the same time, use a greenhouse, pay attention to the greenhouse only covering the top, leaving blank around, or build a rain-proof shade shed on the seedbed. Sterilize the seedbed. The seedbed should be thick at the bottom and thin at the top, and the mud at the border should be fine, smooth and flat. Spraying seedbed for disinfection and disinfestation before sowing. The seedbed was wet by water.

Sowing: When sowing, water should be enough to soak the bed soil. After the water seeps down, a layer of nutrient soil should be sprinkled on the bed surface, and then evenly drill or sow. When dry seeds are sown directly, fine sand should be used to mix the seeds. Seedling time should not be too long. After sowing, cover with straw for shade. The growth period of summer and autumn cultivation is relatively short, the seedling raising time should not be too long, and the seedling age should not exceed 30 days.

Do a good job in seedling management: it takes 2 ~ 3 days from sowing to emergence, and the ground temperature is mainly regulated by watering when emergence, and it is more appropriate to keep the ground temperature at 25 ~ 30℃. Watering should be done in the afternoon and evening, and rainy weather should be avoided as far as possible after watering. During the period, it is recommended to cover with sunshade net all day, and cool down and prevent rain for 2 ~ 3 days. After emergence, the two cotyledons should be uncovered in time when they begin to turn green. When the cotyledons turn green to two leaves, it is necessary to build a small arch shed and cover it with a sunshade net. Cover it in the morning, uncover it in the afternoon, and leave it uncovered on cloudy days. In order to keep the border moist, water is usually poured once every 4 ~ 5 days. Water with a watering can at night to prevent seedlings from wilting and water accumulation after rain. Pests and diseases should be prevented in this period. Do a good job of water management in the late stage of seedling second leaf and start thinning. There is no need for topdressing at this stage. When the symptoms of emaciation appear, topdressing can be carried out on the leaves, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases.

Follow-up: after sowing 15 ~ 20 days, plant once when there are 2 ~ 3 true leaves. Seedlings should be divided on cloudy days or in the evening. Water the seedlings in time and water them frequently to ensure that the seedbed is neither short of water nor too wet. If the seedlings are not divided, they should be planted thinly, and after emergence, they should be planted thinly several times, and at the same time, the diseased seedlings and weak seedlings should be removed.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Choose fields with fertile soil and good drainage, and there is no field called cruciferous vegetables. Plow and dry the soil as soon as possible after harvesting. Before planting, it is suggested that 3000 ~ 4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to each mu of land, and ploughing, leveling and fine border preparation should be carried out. Two rows can be planted in each bed.

Step 3 grow broccoli

Pay attention to planting density. The suitable seedling age of early-maturing varieties is about 30 days, and seedlings with 5-6 leaves can be strong. Late-maturing varieties can be planted with 7-8 leaves, and the seedling age is not more than 30 days. Choose to plant in cloudy or sunny evening, and transplant with soil and root protection as far as possible. Pay attention to the distance between seedlings. Using clear water planting method, planting water must be poured enough.

4. Field management of broccoli

Watering management: If the climate is dry after planting, water should be done in time. Trench irrigation, emergency irrigation and emergency drainage can be used, but serial irrigation and flood irrigation are not suitable. Water should be properly controlled when the ball is harvested and germinated. After the ball is germinated, the ground should be kept wet and not dry, but the water should not be too much. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to prevent water from taking root and causing diseases.

Topdressing management: the growth period of early-maturing varieties is short, topdressing can be applied less, and base fertilizer is the main one. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, the middle and late maturity varieties also need to be topdressed in stages. The first time is 15 ~ 20 days after field planting, combined with soil cultivation and topdressing. The second time is topdressing the base fertilizer when the leaves are 10 ~ 12. After the top flower ball appears, the flower ball fertilizer should be applied topdressing.

Intertillage and loosening soil: pay attention to promotion and water frequently in the early stage of growth. After living trees, intertillage weeds, pay attention to soil cultivation, and prevent lodging in windy areas. When the row is closed, the intertillage will stop when the leaves are covered with the ground, and the old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time at the later stage of growth.

Plant regulation: in autumn, the side branches of broccoli occur quickly and frequently, so as to prevent the phenomenon that the main buds appear late, develop slowly and the bulbs are small. If you don't harvest it in time before it gets cold, you should trim it in time. Before the main bud appears, leave 3 ~ 4 well-developed lateral branches at the base and remove all the remaining lateral branches. After the main flower ball is folded, only 2 ~ 3 leaves are left on the upper part of the left branch.

These are the planting techniques of broccoli. I hope it can help your broccoli planting. If you have any questions during the planting process, you can also leave a message in the comment area.