What is the Hanyang No.1 Middle School Incident?

From 1956 to 1957, Hanyang No.1 Middle School shocked the world because of students' "besieging the county government" and attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign media. So the time of the incident was quite close to the "Hungarian incident", so some people called it "Hungarian incident" in China. This incident was completely provoked by a few political speculators with ulterior motives at that time, using complex forms at home and abroad.

The whole story of "Hungarian incident" in China

1956, the 20th Congress of the Soviet Union adopted a secret report against Stalin, which caused an uproar in the international community and caused ideological confusion in Eastern European countries. In this context, the "Hungarian Incident" broke out. Shortly thereafter, an accidental incident that happened in a small area of China was called "China Hungarian Incident" indefinitely, so that Mao Zedong later published a chapter on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People in 1957, specifically mentioning this incident. At that time, the newspapers commented on this incident like this: a handful of counter-revolutionaries tried to overthrow the dictatorship of the proletariat, but of course the people would not agree. The broad masses of party member people with rich experience in class struggle suppressed these counter-revolutionaries in one fell swoop.

A piece of news triggered a student parade.

1957 In April, Li Sui, a young female teacher in Hanyang No.1 Middle School, Hubei Province, criticized some students for not paying attention to their studies when giving lessons to Class 4 of Senior One. She revealed such a message: "Our school has 100 1 fresh graduates, and only 50 indicators can be promoted to high school this year. We must study hard, otherwise it will delay our lives. " Originally, I hated iron for not turning into steel, but I accidentally lit the fuse. After class, the students in this class conveyed this content to their big brothers and sisters in Grade Three. When the nine graduating classes of the whole school heard about it, they immediately exploded. The students walked out of the classroom and flocked to the playground, shouting slogans and demanding that the principal answer face to face. The headmaster was not at school at that time. The students were very angry. They immediately wrote down slogans and took to the streets, demanding an answer from the Education Bureau. The relevant leaders of the Education Bureau did not give a clear answer, and the students crowded to the door of the county government and asked the county magistrate to answer. When they heard that the county magistrate was absent, they crowded into the county compound. Slogans and roars attracted more people to watch and join the parade.

At that time, the difference between urban and rural areas and between workers and peasants had widened, the supply of means of subsistence was blocked by plans, there were many gaps and deficiencies, and the opinions of the masses were growing. A few people mistakenly think that the * * * production party was founded by the peasants' revolution in those days, and the policies formulated after entering the city restricted the peasants, resulting in the difference between urban and rural areas today. Although these remarks are too extreme, there is indeed discrimination against farmers in real life. As far as school enrollment is concerned, the proportion of urban enrollment is much higher than that of rural areas. At that time, 95% of the enrollment indicators in Hubei Province were allocated to Wuhan and a few municipalities directly under the Central Government, and only 5% of the enrollment indicators were allocated to areas below the county level. After the introduction of the policy, it means that most farmers' children will never jump out of the "farm gate" and can only stay on the ridge for life. On the morning of April 13, hundreds of students lined up at the county government to ask for clarification. County leaders pointed out that the county has no right to change the enrollment index, only through the special area and the province. The student representative then took the county magistrate Han Maolin and asked him to go to the province to reflect the situation. Han Maolin had no choice but to go with him. When the students escorted the county magistrate out of the gate, they were stopped by some county government cadres. During the scuffle, the county government called in the police and detained several students. This caused more anger among the students, who began to throw bricks at the county government compound and shouted slogans: "Opposing the student movement will not come to a good end." Wang Jianguo, the vice principal of County No.1 Middle School, was worried that the students would make a scene, so he brought some teachers to dissuade the students and informed their parents to come to the school to help with the work. After learning that the students were detained, Wang Jianguo immediately rushed to the county government to negotiate, demanding that the students be released and brought back to education to prevent the situation from getting worse. However, the county government refused and Wang Jianguo had to leave. Unexpectedly, hundreds of students gathered again, and the wall of the county government compound was knocked down at that time. At this time, the county government staff called several factories and asked workers to come and defend the county government. After hundreds of workers arrived, the situation was controlled, the detained students were released, and other students dispersed automatically. As soon as the students returned to school, they were picked up by the parents who came, and the storm subsided.

An investigation team engaged in a major injustice case.

It was already very calm, but in the social environment at that time, some people politicized this incident. Han Maolin, the county magistrate, called this a "counter-revolutionary incident" when reporting to Xiaogan prefectural party committee and government. Soon, the prefectural party committee and government dispatched nearly 100 cadres to form an investigation team and stationed in Hanyang No.1 Middle School. According to the established tone, the investigation team searched for the behind-the-scenes commander, that is, the behind-the-scenes planner of this "political chaos" and launched a struggle to expose everyone's fears. The investigation team ordered all teachers and students to write an account and review in an attempt to find out the evidence of "counter-revolution". Soon, the struggle was directed at Wang Jianguo, the vice principal who demanded the release of the students. According to the "class analysis theory", Wang Jianguo should be the "counter-revolutionary leader" who planned the riot. Wang Jianguo was 32 years old. After graduating from Geda, Hubei Province in the early days of liberation, he was assigned to work in Hanyang County. 65438-0952, vice principal of any middle school. He was born in a rich peasant family, and his father participated in the "Qing Xiang Group" of the Kuomintang. He personally applied to join the * * * production party, but was not approved because of family problems. In this case, there is no doubt that he will be killed. At that time, Han Jianxun, the principal and secretary of the Party branch of County No.1 Middle School, was a cadre of land reform and was regarded by teachers as a layman who did not understand education. The teachers took the initiative to ask Vice President Wang for instructions, which made Han Jianxun very unhappy. He provided a lot of Wang Jianguo's so-called "problems" and launched a struggle to criticize Wang Jianguo and eliminate its influence. In addition, it also involves a large number of people who have contacts with Wang Jianguo on weekdays. Zhong Yuwen, the leader of the Chinese teaching and research group, has the habit of blinking at ordinary times, blinking assiduously at meetings criticizing Wang Jianguo. Han Jianxun immediately reported to the investigation team that "this person winked at Wang Jianguo and sent a message", and isolated the review. The investigation team not only caught the "accomplice", but also searched out the "backstage". They go online indefinitely, thinking that the bigger the trouble, the better, and the more successful they are, and they insist on a "China-Hungary incident". Member Yang came to Hanyang No.1 Middle School to contact the development of members. This important clue excited the investigation team. They immediately linked it with the "big right" just discovered by the NLD Central Committee at that time, and then linked it with Ma Zhemin, chairman of Hubei NLD (who has been labeled as a rightist). Thus, from the central to the local to the county, a complete "counter-revolutionary black line" was displayed. After this "bitter struggle", a "Hungarian incident" type of "counter-revolutionary political riot" was artificially created: the student riot in Hanyang No.1 Middle School was an extremely rare counter-revolutionary event after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it was a manifestation of the local power struggle carefully planned by the remnants of the Kuomintang, which had a profound political background.

Wang Jianguo, Yang, and Zhong Yuwen were immediately sentenced to death, although there were thousands of words that could not be explained clearly. Nine teachers, including Hu Pingxuan, Zou Zhenju and Hu Bin, and 1 student were sentenced to 2 to 15 years' imprisonment respectively. Li Sui and other three people who "spread rumors" were sent to reeducation through labor, three teachers were designated as "bad elements", 1 1 teachers and 10 county-level cadres were punished in various ways, and 33 students were punished. In this way, this man-made "Sino-Hungarian incident" ended at the expense of dozens of lives and lost youth. The investigation team also returned with a full load. In the case of unknown truth, a series of eulogizing propaganda followed. For a time, newspapers and radio stations, large and small, from the central government to the local government, publicized the "Hungarian incident" in Hanyang No.1 Middle School and ended in bankruptcy. The Kuomintang propaganda machine in Taiwan Province Province also cooperated vigorously. They called Wang Jianguo and others "anti-righteous men" and even held a memorial service for them. Later, American youth delegations, Hungarian delegations to China and Reuters journalists all came here to visit Hanyang No.1 Middle School. Of course, the makers of those fake cases have already made up explanations and boasted about their "brilliant achievements"

A hat was finally taken off.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the work of bringing order out of chaos in all aspects was unstoppable, and this incident in Hanyang County No.1 Middle School naturally aroused people's doubts. The surviving victims, Hu Bin and Zhao, have written 89 letters to the CPC Central Committee on this matter, telling their true feelings and grievances. Li Sui, a female teacher, also ran around, calling for solving the historical injustice over the years. Under the auspices of Zhang Siqing, then secretary of the Political and Legal Committee of Hubei Provincial Committee, the retrial report of this case was reported to the Central Committee, and the unjust case was finally solved. 1985 65438+ 10, Hubei provincial party Committee reported to the central government for approval to completely rehabilitate the Hanyang No.1 Middle School incident in that year, and the heavy hat that had been on Hu Bin and others for nearly 30 years was removed. Although their youth is gone, after all, years of suffering have come to an end, and they can cry with joy when they regain their freedom! Wang Jianguo, who was sentenced to death for no reason at that time, and other three people can only submit to humiliation forever.