When did Huangmei Opera in Chaoshan come into being?

Introduction

Huangmei Opera is the main local opera in Anhui Province. There are also professional or amateur performance groups of Huangmei Opera in Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Taiwan and other provinces as well as Hong Kong, and they are widely welcomed. Huangmei Opera, formerly known as "Huangmei Diao", is a folk opera formed in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces in the late 18th century. One of them gradually moved eastward to the Anqing area centered on Anqing City, Anhui Province. It combined with local folk art, sang and spoke in the local language, and formed its own characteristics, known as "Huaiqiang" or "Huangmei Diao". This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei Opera. In the "Susong County Chronicle" published in the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), the name "Huangmei Opera" was formally proposed for the first time.

In terms of repertoire, Huangmei Opera is known as "Thirty-six major operas and seventy-two minor operas." The drama mainly expresses the people's dissatisfaction with class oppression and the disparity between rich and poor and their yearning for a free and better life. Such as "The Story of Buckwheat", "Calling the Grain Official", "The Match of the Immortals", etc. Most of the short plays show fragments of the lives of rural workers, such as "Pointing Barley", "Spinning Cotton Yarn", and "Selling Dou Baskets".

After liberation, he successively compiled and adapted a number of major and minor works such as "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "The Legend of Luo Pa", "Zhao Guiying", "Mother's Tears", and "Sansou Guozhan's Mansion". Traditional repertoire includes the mythological drama "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", the historical drama "Beheading without Punishment", and the modern dramas "The Warmth of Spring", "Spring Morning in a Small Shop", and "The First Blooming Buds". Among them, "The Match", "The Consort" and "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" were successively put on the screen and had a great impact at home and abroad. Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Wu Qiong and Ma Lan are famous actors in Huangmei Opera.

Huangmei Opera has become a famous opera that is loved by audiences across the country. Huangmei Opera has a history of more than 200 years. In its early days, it was called Huangmei Diao, which is a folk art of "self-singing and self-enjoyment".

Origin

Origin

Not long ago, CCTV discussed this history relatively objectively in the documentary "The Birthplace of Huangmei Opera" in "Around China" , this URL is the video on Youku/v_show/id_ca00XMTM4MDk4MDA=.html. Some people think that it is meaningless to argue about where Huangmei Opera belongs, and it will not promote the development of Huangmei Opera. He suggested that experts and scholars should pay more attention to the development laws of Huangmei Opera itself and further consolidate and improve the status of Huangmei Opera as a local opera in the field of contemporary opera.

China's first batch of national intangible cultural heritage - Huangmei Opera protection areas are Anqing City in Anhui Province and Huangmei County in Hubei Province.

The four national intangible cultural heritage inheritors of Huangmei Opera announced by the Ministry of Culture: 39-year-old Han Zaifen (Huangmei Opera No. 2 Troupe, Anqing City, Anhui Province, native of Anqing, Anhui Province), 41-year-old Zhao Yuanyuan (Anqing City, Anhui Province) Municipal Huangmei Opera Troupe, a native of Anqing, Anhui Province), 61-year-old Huang Xinde (a native of Huangmei Opera Theater, Anhui Province, a native of Wuhu, Anhui Province), and 44-year-old Zhou Hongnian (a native of Huangmei County, Hubei Province).

Development

1. Anqing Huangmei Opera

The development history of Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera is the main local opera in Anhui Province. There are also professional or amateur performance groups of Huangmei Opera in Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Taiwan and other provinces as well as Hong Kong, and they are widely welcomed. Huangmei Opera, formerly known as "Huangmei Diao", is a folk opera formed in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces in the late 18th century. One of them gradually moved eastward to the Anqing area centered on Anqing City, Anhui Province. It combined with local folk art, sang and spoke in the local language, and formed its own characteristics, known as "Huaiqiang" or "Huangmei Diao". This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei Opera. In the "Susong County Chronicle" published in the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), the name "Huangmei Opera" was formally proposed for the first time.

The development history of Huangmei Opera can be roughly divided into three stages:

The first stage is from around Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty to around the Revolution of 1911. The tea-picking tune, Jiangxi tune, Tongcheng tune, and Fengyang song that were produced and spread to the three provinces of Anhui, Hubei, and Jiangxi were influenced by the performances of local operas (Qingyang tune, Hui tune), and were closely related to folk songs such as Lianxiang tune, stilt tune, and land boat tune. The art formed a combination and gradually formed some small plays.

After further development, the performance content and expression form were absorbed from a folk art form called "Luohan Zhuang" and Qingyang tune and Hui tune, thus producing this play with a complete story. There is also a transitional form from small opera to main opera, which old artists call "string opera". The so-called "string opera" is a group of small operas that are independent but related to each other. Some are "stringed together" by things, and some are "stringed together" by people. The plot of "string opera" is richer than that of small opera, and the characters appearing in the opera also break through the three small categories of clown, Xiaodan and Xiaosheng. Some of the older characters need to be played by Zhengdan, Laosheng or Laochou. This created the conditions for the production of this play.

The second stage is from the Revolution of 1911 to 1949. At this stage, Huangmei Opera performances gradually became professional and moved from the rural grass stage to the urban stage. After Huangmei Opera entered Anqing City, it was co-operated with Peking Opera, and was influenced by Yue Opera, Yang Opera, Huai Opera and Ping Opera from the north in Shanghai (then known as "Beng Beng Opera"). Big changes. A number of new plays have been arranged and transplanted, including the scripted plays "Wen Suchen", "Hongbiyuan", "Hualiyuan", "Bee Diary", etc. In terms of music, a preliminary reform of the traditional singing tune has been carried out, reducing the empty words in the old tune, making it bright and smooth, and the audience can easily understand what is being sung. The accompaniment was canceled and the Huqin accompaniment was used. In terms of performance, it absorbs and melts the formulaic movements of Peking Opera and other brother operas, enriching the means of expression. Others, such as costumes, makeup and stage settings, have also developed compared with the rural grass stage.

The third stage is from 1949 to the present. In 1952, Huangmei Opera artists performed in Shanghai with plays such as "Pig Weed" and "Blue Bridge Club". Over the decades, a large number of actors have been created. In addition to the older generation artists such as Yan Fengying and Wang Shaofang who have made outstanding achievements in the singing art of Huangmei Opera, young and middle-aged actors such as Ma Lan and Han Zaifen have successively demonstrated their respective talents on the stage, screen and TV screen. The heroic appearance attracted the attention of the audience. "The Match", co-starring Yan Fengying and Wang Shaohang, was made into a film for the second time and became a sensation at home and abroad.

The artistic characteristics of Anqing Huangmei Opera

In terms of repertoire, it is known as "Thirty-six major operas and seventy-two minor operas". The drama mainly expresses the people's dissatisfaction with class oppression and the disparity between rich and poor and their yearning for a free and better life. Such as "The Story of Buckwheat", "Calling the Grain Official", "The Match of the Immortals", etc. Most of the short plays show fragments of the lives of rural workers, such as "Pointing Barley", "Spinning Cotton Yarn", and "Selling Dou Baskets".

After liberation, he successively compiled and adapted a number of major and minor works such as "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "The Legend of Luo Pa", "Zhao Guiying", "Mother's Tears", and "Sansou Guozhan's Mansion". Traditional dramas include the mythological drama "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", the historical drama "Beheading without Punishment", and the modern dramas "Spring Warmth and Flowers Blooming", "Spring Morning in a Small Shop" and "The First Blooming Buds". Among them, "The Match", "The Consort" and "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" were successively put on the screen and had a great impact at home and abroad. Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Wu Qiong and Ma Lan are famous actors in Huangmei Opera.

The main categories of Huangmei Opera include coloratura and Heping Ci. Coloratura mainly performs small plays, rich in the flavor of life and folk songs. Pingci is the main singing style in the original opera. It often uses long narrative and lyrical expressions with rich charm, like flowing clouds and flowing water.

2. Hubei Huangmei Opera

The development of Hubei Huangmei Opera today is inseparable from a slogan put forward by the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government 18 years ago. This slogan is "Invite Huangmei Opera back to your parents' home." ". Under the guidance of this slogan, Hubei Province has done a lot of work to revitalize Huangmei Opera; it established the Hubei Huangmei Opera Theater; hired some Huangmei Opera actors from Anqing, Anhui Province; and changed most Chu Opera and Han Opera troupes in Huanggang area into Huangmei Opera Troupe. ; Huanggang Art School was established to cultivate reserve talents for Huangmei Opera. Two plays created in the Huanggang area, "Yu Laosi and Zhang Ernu" and "The Grudge of the Silver Lock" were performed in Beijing for 14 times and were well received by the audience; in 1995, the large-scale modern plays "Unfinished Love" and "Unfinished Love" created by Hubei Huangmei Theater Theater The costume drama "Double Down the Mountain" won the Outstanding Performance Award at the Second National Huangmei Opera Art Festival held in Anhui, and the leading actors Yang Jun and Zhang Hui won the Performance Gold Award. "Unfinished Love" also won the Wenhua New Play Award, the Wenhua Director Award, and the Wenhua Music Creation Award at the 5th China Arts Festival.

In order to improve the overall artistic level of Huangmei Opera in the province, the Hubei Provincial Department of Culture and the Huanggang Municipal Government decided to hold the Huangmei Opera Art Festival every three years.

After the promotion and tempering of 5 art festivals, excellent plays such as "Winter Goes and Spring Comes Back Again", "Please Let Me Be Your Bride", "Spring Arrives in Jiangwan", and "The Legend of Brother Chun" have been created and cultivated Guo Huayang, Zhou Hongnian, Duan Qiuping and other new talents in Huangmei Opera.

Talking about Hubei’s efforts for Huangmei Opera over the past 18 years, Ruan Runxue, chairman of the Hubei Provincial Drama Association and president of the Performance Association, said with emotion that over the past 18 years, Hubei has done a lot in establishing theater troupes, developing repertoire, and introducing talents. A lot of work has gradually established the place Hubei Huangmei Opera deserves in people's hearts. As for whether or not Huangmei Opera can be invited back to her parents' home, what constitutes inviting her back to her parents' home? This issue is difficult to define, and there is no clear standard. Our goal is to coexist, prosper, and develop together with Anhui Huangmei Opera.

From September 6 to 17, 2007, the 6th Huangmei Opera Art Festival of Hubei Province was held in Wuxue City, Huanggang. District) professional theater troupe and 15 new plays from some Huangmei Theater Troupes in Anhui Province participated in the performance. During the 10-day festival, you can sing Huangmei operas such as "Six Feet Alley", "Spring and Autumn in the Old House", "Together in the Sun", "Daughters of Baizhang Cliff", "Slave Daqingtian", "Flowers, Snow and Moon" Let Me Go On Stage demonstrates the overall creative strength of Hubei Huangmei Opera.

"The performances in Luotian, Huangmei and Wuxue counties and cities are comparable to those in Anqing, Anhui. Hubei Huangmei Opera has developed rapidly in recent years." After watching the performance, the festival judges One, Zhu Feiyue, associate researcher at the National Folk Literature and Art Development Center of the Ministry of Culture, commented on Hubei’s Huangmei Opera.

Huangmei Opera performing artist Yang Jun came from Hubei to recruit troops from Anhui, and he became the main force of Huangmei Opera in Hubei. Talking about the 18 years of Hubei Huangmei Opera, Yang Jun said: "It is not easy to work for a local opera for 18 years and hold 6 consecutive art festivals. The perseverance of Hubei people is admirable."

There are also some rational scholars who point out that Huangmei should follow the old path of "culture as the stage and economy as the show" as soon as possible. At one time, the so-called "cultural stage" and "economic drama" methods of developing social and economic development were all the rage, and this trend has not yet died out. Sometimes we sit in cars or trains and through the car windows, we often see banners and slogans hanging on the roadside such as "Welcome to invest in the hometown of Confucius", "Welcome to invest in the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties", and something like "Tea Culture Festival" Farces of cultural and economic integration such as "Wine Culture Festival", "Beauty Culture Festival", "Melon Seeds and Peanut Roasted Seeds Culture Festival" are constantly being staged. This approach is nothing more than attracting economic investors through "cultural" bait. This approach is not absolutely impossible, but it must be based on reality, have a clear target, and evaluate one's own strength. Some places, seeing the importance of cultural industries, want to promote social and economic development through the development of cultural industries. There is nothing wrong with this idea, but you must know that the cultural industry is not an easy task. If the world's economic industries are compared to a pyramid, agriculture is at the bottom, manufacturing is in the middle, and cultural industries are at the top. The cultural industry at the top of the pyramid in the world today is undoubtedly the United States. The same is true in China. The cultural industry is not something you can just start if you want to. For example, it is possible to use Huangmei Opera as a cultural industry to drive social and economic development. Anqing, Anhui Province still has some foundations, but Huangmei County in Hubei Province should not bite the bullet. Huangmei County wants to get rid of the embarrassing situation that Huangmei is a "tasteless" socio-economic development of Hubei Province. Taking "Huangmei Opera" as the leader of the cultural industry is an unrealistic development idea. It should adjust its socio-economic development strategy earlier and re- Integrating social resources is the only way out.