Baoji culture and art

Baoji is a Chinese city with an 8,000-year civilization and a city-building history of more than 2,770 years. This is the center of the early civilization of the Yellow River Basin. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi, an academician of the American Academy of Sciences, a famous archaeologist and anthropologist, once analyzed the ecological environment of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and said that this is the concentrated area of ??Yangshao culture and has the characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution. Given the natural conditions, the Baoji area should be the most ideal area for the Neolithic Revolution. Beishouling ruins, Fulinbao ruins, Zhouyuan ruins, Qinyongcheng ruins, Fengchu Palace, Rujiazhuang ancient Gongyu Kingdom ruins, Jiangcheng Castle ruins and other well-known ruins at home and abroad show the unique vicissitudes of history of Baoji. Emperor Yan started farming civilization here, Jiang Taigong fished here, Zhou Gong wrote "Zhou Rites" here, Yan Ji respected his teachers here, Liu Bangna and Han Xin's plan secretly assassinated Chen Cang here, and Zhang Zai founded Guan Xue here.

Baoji is the birthplace of Emperor Yan, the ancestor of China, and the birthplace of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), it was renamed Baoji because of the auspicious omen of "stone chicken crow" on Jifeng Mountain in the southeast of the city. Here is the gathering place of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. Famen Temple, famous for the unearthed Buddha bone relics, has become a royal temple and the center of world Buddhist culture during the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The urban spirit of Baoji is "Advocating morality and courtesy, being harmonious and inclusive, hearing the chickens dancing, and being open and innovative", and the city symbol is the phoenix. It was once called Chencang, Yongzhou, Yongcheng, Zhouyuan, Xiguo, Xiqi, Qiyi, Qiyang, Xifu, Yangping, Fengxiang, etc.

Baoji is rich in cultural relics resources, among which bronzes are the largest. More than 50,000 bronzes such as Mao Gong Ding and Da Meng Ding have been unearthed one after another, and it is known as the "Hometown of Bronze". Famous cultural relics and historic sites include: Tiantai Mountain where Emperor Yan lived, Famen Temple, a holy place of Buddhism, Jintai Temple where the famous Taoist Zhang Sanfeng presided over Taoism, the elegant and beautiful Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Liang Temple, Diaoyutai where Jiang Ziya lived in seclusion and fishing, the majestic Zhou Gong Temple, and the royal hot springs of the Sui and Tang emperors. —Tangyu Hot Spring, Fengxiang East Lake built under the leadership of Su Dongpo, a generation of celebrities, etc. The natural landscape within the territory is even more unique. There are the Taibai Mountain National Forest Park with unique landscapes, the source of the Jialing River with distinctive original features, and the European-style Guanshan Grassland in Long County. Baoji's folk art is even more colorful and unique. Shadow puppets, puppets, paper-cutting, embroidery, social fire, facial makeup, clay sculptures, straw weaving, etc. all exude the ancient charm of the Zhou and Qin cultures and shine with the splendor of the original Chinese civilization. Zhang Wentao (Chuanshan), a great poet and calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a series of poems called "Eighteen Inscriptions on the Wall of Baoji County on February 9th" when he passed by Baoji in 1798, referring to Chen Junjun. The legacy of "Jiang" was widely spread throughout the world. Main entry: Baoji

Baoji, one of the important birthplaces of Chinese culture, has the study "Study of Baoji" named after its city. Baoji's important role in culture and history shows that it is an important line and a grand branch in the root system of Chinese civilization. "Baoxue" is a valuable branch of Chinese culture. Shaanxi and Henan are the centers of civilizations in the Yellow River Basin. Although the Yangshao Culture is named in Henan, its origin is in Shaanxi. The Wei River Basin is the center of the Yangshao Culture (currently, thousands of Yangshao Culture sites have been discovered in China, among which Shaanxi The province has the most, with 2,040 sites, accounting for 40% of the number of Yangshao cultural sites in the country. It is the center of Yangshao culture.) From the perspective of clear historical and cultural origins, Shaanxi can be said to be the cradle of Chinese national culture. The Wei River Basin is the center of Yangshao culture. Emperors Yan and Huang grew up in Jiangshui (in Baoji territory) and Jishui (in Wugong territory) in the Wei River Basin in Shaanxi. Cultural monuments of the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties also stand here. Baoji is not only blessed by nature but also by history. A closer look shows that "Baoxue" consists of two parts: "Yandi Ancestorology" represented by Beishouling, and "Yandi Study" famous for Yandi and Jiangyan culture. The Beishouling site is one of the representatives of the Yangshao culture. Its direct inheritance and successor have clear development clues in Baoji, and there is no chronology. This is better than Xi'an and other places, which is remarkable. The sons and daughters of China are the descendants of Yan and Huang, and the Yan and Huang are descendants of the ancestors of Beishouling.

The value of the bones in Beishouling is immeasurable and should be well respected and studied. In Baoji, more than 700 sites have been identified as human prehistoric sites, basically all of them are sites of ancient ancestors from 8,000 to 4,000 years ago. . The cultural heritage here is very profound.

China and China

(1) There is a "Lotus Top" on Tianzhu Peak of Tiantai Mountain in Baoji. The rays of the sun shine here, and the stone lotus floats, making it a spectacular sight. People praise this peak and this scene as "Three Flavors and Strange Flowers". It is said that Emperor Yan Shennong practiced martial arts in Tiantai Mountain. He invited tribal leaders from all over the world to gather in Tiantai Mountain to compete in martial arts, and also invited the Emperor of Heaven to arbitrate. The Emperor Yan was pleased with his superior martial arts, so he deliberately issued a decree: "Whoever can build a ladder to heaven in one night and make stone lotus grow in the sea will be crowned the emperor of the world." Emperor Yan built three empty Tianzhu peaks in one night, and the Emperor Surprisingly, he named Emperor Yan the "Red Emperor". Emperor Yan practiced benevolent policies and was supported by others. In order to commemorate him, his descendants called the Lotus Peak on the rooftop "China" (in ancient times, "hua" and "flower" were the same) on the grounds that "three flavors produce strange flowers". In order to commemorate the merits of Emperor Yan, the world continued to use this name and called China "Zhonghua".

(2) The name "China" was first seen in Baoji. The national treasure He Zun was unearthed in Baoji in 1963. Its shape is majestic. A 122-character inscription was found on the bottom of the inner tank of the bronze statue. Inscriptions, among which "Zhai Zi Zhongguo" (referring to the world) are the earliest written records of "China". He Zun is a bronze ware made by a member of the clan named He during the reign of King Cheng of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a precious work of art in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The shape and decoration of this vessel are unique, solemn and thick, beautiful and elegant, with a strong three-dimensional effect. It has a round mouth and a square body, decorated with four large edges. There are 122 inscriptions on the inner bottom of the vessel, 3 are damaged, and 119 are extant. The main meaning of the inscription is: In April of the fifth year of King Cheng, King Zhou began to build the capital in Chengzhou and performed a blessing sacrifice to King Wu. On Bingxu day, King Cheng of Zhou gave an instruction to the clan boy He in the imperial palace. The content mentioned that He's late father, Gongshi, followed King Wen, and King Wen was ordered by God to rule the world. After King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he sacrificed it to heaven and used this place as the center of the world to rule the people. King Zhou Cheng rewarded He Bei with 30 friends, so He was honored as a commemorator. This is an important admonishment and encouragement message from King Zhou Cheng.

Emperor Yandi and Bronze Civilization

Baoji is the birthplace of Emperor Yandi, the hometown of Yan Emperor. Emperor Yandi was born on the bank of Jiangshui River more than 5,000 years ago. Changyang Mountain Mengyu Valley. Baoji is the home of bronze ware, the hometown of Chinese bronze art. The Shi-ku (Stone Drum), China's first ancient artifact, was unearthed here and is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The four major Western Zhou bronze ware in China in the late Qing Dynasty are the Duke Mao Tripod (now in the National Palace Museum, Taipei), the Great Yu Tripod (now in the National Museum of China), and the San Family Plate (now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei). Museum) and Ji Zibai Plate of the Guo State (now in the National Museum of China) were all unearthed here. Also unearthed were Big Grams Tripod (the treasure of the Shanghai Museum), He Zun (ritual wine vessel), Plate of Lai, Zhe Gong, Li Wanghu Gui, Qiang Plate Basin), Qin Gongbo (bó) (and Qin Gongzhong), Wei Ding and other important national treasures hidden in the Baoji Bronze Ware Museum. There are more than 50,000 bronze vessels unearthed there.

National treasure (Famous national treasure of Baoji) Cultural relic name Foreign language name Excavation time status significance Collection point (Chencang) Shi-ku, Stone Drum Shigu Mountain, Weibin District, Baoji City Zhenguan (Tang Taizong) No. 1 in China in 627 Antiquities, the ancestor of stone carvings, Stone Drum Inscriptions, Beijing Palace Museum, Stone Drum Hall, He Zun, He Zun, Jiacun Town, Chencang District, Baoji City, 1963, the national treasure of the town, the honor of the country, China's 64 national treasure-level cultural relics banned from export abroad, the earliest written text to record "China" Baoji Bronze Museum Dake Mao Tripod, Zhuangbai Village, Qishan County, Baoji City, dated to the late Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty (1843). The four national treasures of the late Qing Dynasty are worthy of an official document. Taipei National Palace Museum’s Great Yu Tripod. The four major national treasures of the late Qing Dynasty, the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Li Village, Mei County, Baoji City , the first of China's 64 national treasure-level cultural relics that are prohibited from being exhibited abroad. The San Family Plate is the first of the National Museum of China's national treasures. Ji Zibai Plate of the Guo State, Guo Chuan, Chencang District, Baoji City Four national treasures of the late Qing Dynasty during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, China's 64 pieces of national treasure-level cultural relics prohibited from being exhibited abroad Bronze Calligrapher's Dharma Book National Museum of China Big Grams Tripod Baoji Rencun, Famen Town, Fufeng County, City, the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1890). 64 pieces of Chinese cultural relics prohibited from being exhibited abroad. Historical facts about slavery in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Shanghai Museum. Plate of Lai. Yangjiacun, Mei County, Baoji City. January 19, 2003, China. The first Xia and Western Zhou Dynasty projects Baoji Bronze Museum (history) wall plate Qiang Basin Fufeng County, Baoji City 1976 The first of China's 64 national treasure-level cultural relics and food utensils banned from export abroad Baoji Bronze Museum Copper Pagoda Underground Palace of Famen Temple, Fufeng County, Baoji City 1987 In 1987, China banned 64 national treasure-level cultural relics from being exported abroad. Buddhist sacred objects, Famen Temple Museum, the Eightfold Treasure Han, Famen Temple Underground Palace, Fufeng County, Baoji City. In 1987, China banned 64 national treasure-level cultural relics, Buddhist sacred objects, Famen Temple Museum, Silver Flower Double Wheels. Two-ring Tin Stick, Famen Temple Underground Palace, Fufeng County, Baoji City, 1987, 64 pieces of Buddhist ritual artifacts prohibited from being exported abroad, national treasure-level cultural relics, the world's "king of tin sticks" Hu Gui (husband-killing gui), Famen Temple Museum, Qi Village, Fufeng County, Baoji City, 1978 In May 1976, the largest bronze Gui from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Baoji Bronze Museum, Zhuangbai Village, Fufeng County, Baoji City, December 1976, the most ornately decorated bronze bronze wine vessel, Baoji Bronze Museum, Qin Duke Bo (bó), Qin Duke Bo, Baoji City Chencang District Taigong Temple 1978 Early Spring and Autumn Bronze and Music Culture Qin Yue (yuè) Baoji Bronze Museum Baoji Bronze Lost Overseas Briefing (Part) Cultural Relics Name Unearthed Year Excavated Site Collection Point Uncle Fang Ding Ominous Baoji City, Melbourne, Australia National Gallery of Victoria Circle Unknown bronze ban at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Baoji City, Australia, 1927, Baoji City, United States, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, San Bo Gui Bing, Song Dynasty, Fengxiang County, Baoji City, United States, Fogg Art Museum, Song Dynasty, Fengxiang County, Baoji City, United States Fogg Art Museum Bo Guiwu, Song Dynasty, Fogg Art Museum, Fengxiang County, Baoji City, United States, Liang Qiyi, 1940, Renjia Village, Fufeng County, Baoji City, Freer Museum of Art, United States, Xi Zhongzhong, unknown, Qishan, Fufeng, Baoji, San Francisco, United States

Asian Art Museum Zhong Changge (A) Late Qing Dynasty, Renjia Village, Fufeng County, Baoji City, Japan Sumitomo Group Yinghou Zhong (B) Unknown Japanese Calligraphy Museum in Qishan and Fufeng area, Baoji Bozun Unknown Baoji City, Berlin East Asian Art Museum, Germany Unknown Baoji The main article of the Stockholm Far Eastern Museum in the Qishan and Fufeng areas: Xifu Shehuo

The Baoji area of ??Shaanxi Province, commonly known as Xifu, is one of the representative areas of Shaanxi Shehuo facial makeup art. In particular, the Shehuo masks in Long County and Chencang District have a long history. The masks have unique shapes, simple and bright colors, strict decorations, and many and complete types. They represent the highest level of Shehuo masks in Xifu. Shehuo originated from tattoos, witchcraft, sacrifices, religions in primitive society, and ancient activities such as horn fighting, exorcism, and community worship. The patterns on the Shehuo facial makeup prove that the original symbols on the painted pottery from five to six thousand years ago have been completely inherited on the facial makeup.

There are many types of Shehuo, including Shanshehuo, Cheshehuo, Horseshehuo, Backshehuo, Liftshehuo, Gaoxinshehuo, Stilts, Dishehuo, Bloodshehuo, Blackshehuo Shehuo etc. Most of them are performed during the first lunar month when worshiping the gods, temple fairs and praying for rain. However, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the most solemn and the most powerful. In the mid-1980s, there were more than 100 Shehuo teams in Long County performing in the city on the 15th day of the first lunar month, and nearly 100,000 people watched the Shehuo performances. The Xueshehuo in Chisha Town, Chencang District is the only preserved type of Shehuo in Shaanxi and even the whole country. It is performed every leap year. Shehuo is often called "watching a show", that is, a "mime". The performers of Shehuo characters perform in the form of stage appearances, and the audience relies on facial makeup to identify the characters. Shehuo facial makeup is based on the appearance and personality characteristics of the characters, and uses different combinations of sun and moon patterns, fire patterns, swirl patterns, frog patterns and other patterns to express the character's personality. Colors are used to identify characters' loyalty, treachery, good and evil. Red is loyalty, white is treachery, black is righteousness, yellow is cruelty, blue is grass, green is righteousness and evil, and gold and silver are gods and monsters. Baoji Shehuo Mask, with its long history, mysterious and profound cultural connotation, and majestic scene, has attracted widespread attention from the academic community and has become the highlight of Shaanxi Spring Festival folk activities. Main article: Baoji Declaration

The "Baoji Declaration" is a resolution passed by the plenary session of the 27th World Buddhist Federation Conference. The declaration was announced in Baoji, China, on October 18, 2014, Beijing time. The declaration was read by Master Fa Bao, vice chairman of the World Buddhist Federation and representative to UNESCO.

The "Declaration" emphasizes that participants of this conference are willing to work together with all mankind to achieve human happiness with compassion, achieve social harmony with mutual respect, achieve world peace with reconciliation, and promote good deeds with friendship.

We, the participants from 40 countries and regions, attending the 27th General Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB) held from 16-18 October 2014 (BE 2557) in Baoji, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, with the theme of “Buddhism and Public-Benefit Charity”, would like to express our heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to the People's Republic of China, the Shaanxi Organizing Committee, the Baoji Organizing Committee and the Buddhist Association of China for hosting successfully the General Conference and showing to the world the development of global Buddhism.