Shan Hai Jing: The Quadrupole Mountain in the wild, the ancient surveying and mapping coordinates of the ancients crossing the latitude and longitude!

Shan Hai Jing, named after Shan Hai, naturally contains many famous mountains and rivers. In the classic Wild, many mountains are extremely special, not only because their names have strong directionality, but also because their positions are arranged regularly. These four mountains are typical representatives, perhaps the cross coordinates used by the ancients to cross the sky and latitude.

People often ridicule the differences between men and women in the description of orientation: men always simply say southeast, northwest and distance, while women take landmark buildings as a supplement. In fact, in ancient times, before the exact four directions were determined, landmarks were undoubtedly an excellent visual reference.

Then the prerequisite for the ancients to conduct such complex astronomical observation activities as looking up at the sky and more accurately "arguing" is to clarify the four accurate directions in the southeast and northwest.

Because, only by determining due south and due north (meridian) can we determine the time of day and know when it is noon, before noon and after noon; Only when the East and the West (You Mao Line) are determined can the vernal equinox and the seasons of the year be determined.

Therefore, in the record of Yejing, four mountains appeared in the vision of the ancients as the benchmarks of the four directions. This is the so-called "Quadrupole Mountain".

Dongji Mountain in the east is called "Giant Sky", and Giant (Chuton Mami) is actually the name of a star. In the middle of summer, there is a description of "In the first month, bow and see, and bucket handle County will faint at the beginning of the next day". Therefore, the meaning of "living in the Lingtian" actually means that the star is hanging high in the sky.

The mountain of the West Pole in the west is called "Sun Moon Mountain" and "Unknown Tianmen". The West Mountain is interpreted as "Shu Tian also", but in fact, the "pivot" is the same as the pole and the east pole of Dongshan.

At this point, the reference line in the east-west direction has been found. The mountain in the east is called "Living in Lingtian", which is the mountain in the East Pole, and it runs from the vernal equinox to the sunrise of the moon in spring and autumn. Located in the west, the mountain named "Unknown Tianmen" is the mountain of the West Pole, which is the sunset direction of the spring and autumn equinox.

Mountains with the north-south direction as the benchmark are also recorded in The Wild Classic: the mountain at the South Pole is called "Qu Zhi" and the mountain at the North Pole is called "Arctic Sky".

At this time, the "Arctic Sky" in the north and the "Qu Zhi" in the south constitute the baseline of the north-south direction, that is, the meridian, that is, the meridian; The "giant sky" in the east and the "Wumen" in the west constitute the baseline of the east-west direction, that is, the line, that is, the latitude.

This cross-horizon coordinate system is established with four mountains as ground reference objects, which provides a more reliable time and space framework for the ancients to observe the sky, latitude, earth and time. "Pipe, half solution" mentioned:

In fact, in addition to the four classic directions of the wild, there are four polar mountains, and a series of mountains form an organic and close whole with them. We will discuss other mountains in the next section.