What kind of city is Nanyang?

If Zhang Quan is from Nanyang, don't slander Nanyang from time to time.

In history and culture, Nanyang has a glorious history and excellent people.

The economy may not be very developed, but Nanyang has great potential and rapid development.

History and culture

Nanyang is one of the first historical and cultural cities named after the State Council. This is the birthplace of Liu Xiu, Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, so it is called "Southern Capital" and "Land of Kings". Wollongong, west of the city, was the farmland before Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei.

In Nanyang history, Zhang Heng, Zhang Zhongjing, Zhuge Liang were born, and contemporary celebrities such as philosopher Feng Youlan, strategist Peng Xuefeng, writer Yao, inventor of science and technology Wang Yongmin and writer Er Yuehe were nurtured. Nanyang won the title of "China Couplet Cultural City". Jingziguan Town ranks among the famous historical and cultural towns in China, and Nanyang Bantouqu and Neixiang Wanbang are included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

natural resource

Nanyang is located at 320 17 '-33048' north latitude and110058-13049 east longitude. It is located in the transition zone from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, with typical semi-humid monsoon climate, four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Nanyang is the water source and head of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. There are many rivers in the city, belonging to the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and there are 10 rivers with a length of more than 100 km. The main rivers in the city are Danjiang River, Tanghe River, Baihe River, Huaihe River, Turbulent River, Diaohe River and Guanhe River. The total water resources is 7.035 billion cubic meters, and the water resources reserves, average water consumption per mu and per capita water consumption rank first in the province. The city has woodland area of 145 1000 mu, forest coverage rate of 34.3%, more than 500 species of plant resources 1500, and more than 50 species of forest wild animals. Nanyang is one of the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in China. Medicinal plants are rich in resources and have natural advantages and traditional habits of planting and processing Chinese herbal medicines. It is rich in 2340 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, with an output of 250 million kilograms, including more than 30 kinds of genuine and famous medicinal materials. Cornus officinalis production accounts for about 80% of the country, ranking first in the country. The output of Flos Magnoliae accounts for more than 70% of the national total output; Eucommia ulmoides Oliv has more than 20 million trees. Nanyang is one of the most mineral-intensive areas in China, with more than 80 kinds of minerals and 452 places. Among them, the reserves of trona and andalusite rank first in Asia, while kyanite and rutile rank first in China. Nanyang is famous for its jade carving industry at home and abroad. It is one of the three major jade processing bases in China. 1995 was named "the hometown of jade carving in China" by the state. Nanyang Duyu is one of the four famous jade in China, and is known as "Dong Fangyu". Gold and oil reserves rank second in the province, with concentrated distribution, good combination and high mining value. At present, 46 species have been developed and utilized, with a cumulative mining output value of 2.86 billion yuan.

infrastructure

Nanyang enjoys a superior geographical position, connecting the east with the west and connecting the north and the south. Jiaozhi Railway runs through the north and south, and Ningxi Railway runs through 7 counties and cities. National highways 3 12, 207 and 209, and provincial highways Yu 0 1 and Yu 02 pass through the city respectively. Xupingnan and Deng Nan expressways were completed and opened to traffic, and 2,957 administrative villages were connected with oil roads or cement roads. Xinnan Expressway is expected to be completed and opened to traffic before the end of 2006, and Wanping, Lingnan, Yimou (Zhumadian) Weinan Expressway is stepping up construction. Nanyang will become a transportation hub where railways and expressways cross each other. Nanyang Airport is one of the three major civil airports in Henan. Nanyang is covered by Central China Power Grid. Yahekou Thermal Power Plant with an installed capacity of 700,000 kilowatts and Pushan Power Plant with an installed capacity of 250,000 kilowatts have been built to generate electricity. The second phase of Yadian Power Plant is 2× 600,000 kilowatts, and the first phase of thermal power plant is 2×2 1 10,000 kilowatts. The fixed telephone number rose to 8 digits.

The central city of Nanyang has a population of 700,000, and the built-up area is 70 square kilometers. With the rapid development of urban construction, urban infrastructure such as water supply, power supply, road construction and landscaping has developed rapidly, and urban service functions have been significantly enhanced. The Baihe tourist area in the central city has a water surface of 10,000 mu, forming a rare landscape of Shuicheng Greentown in northern inland cities. It has been successively rated as "Top Ten Cities for Afforestation and Greening in China", "Excellent City for Comprehensive Improvement of Urban Environment in China", "Excellent Tourist City in China" and "National Garden City".

Economic society

Agricultural Nanyang, known as "Zhongzhou Granary", is a concentrated production area of grain, cotton and lampblack in China. In normal years, the total grain output accounts for about 1 1% in the whole province and 1% in the whole country. Cotton accounts for 20% of the province and 4% of the country; Oilseeds account for 0/3% of the whole province/kloc-and 2% of the whole country. Six counties and cities are national commodity grain and cotton bases, and three counties and cities are national quality bases. Nanyang yellow cattle ranks first among the five excellent strains in China.

The city's total industrial economy ranks third in the province. At present, machinery and electronics, petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgical building materials, textiles,

There are more than 0.3 million industrial enterprises/kloc-0 in major industries such as medicine, light industry and food. Tianguan Alcohol Group, Jinguan Electric Group, Pukang Pharmaceutical Group, Nanyang Textile Group, Xinye Cotton Spinning Group, Henan Oilfield and Le Kai Film Factory have entered the ranks of 520 key enterprises in China. Alcohol, petroleum, film, Chinese and western medicines, textiles, explosion-proof motors, cigarettes, cement, trona, auto parts and other products occupy an important position in the whole province and even the whole country. Fuel ethanol is listed as a national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" pilot promotion project.

Science and technology education Nanyang science and technology education is relatively developed, with eight institutions of higher learning and fourteen secondary specialized schools, and the quality of the labor force is relatively high; Nanyang is a science and technology demonstration city of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences and China Academy of Forestry. Nanyang won the title of "National Advanced City in Science and Technology Progress".

Comprehensive strength

In 2005, the city's GDP reached 654.38+005 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+03.3% over the previous year, of which the added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries increased by 7%, 654.38+06.8% and 654.38+03.7% respectively. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 465.438+03 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase. The general budget revenue of local finance was 2.88 billion yuan, an increase of 30%. The total grain output was 4.66 million tons, and the total grain and oil output reached the highest level in history. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 783 1 yuan, an increase of 13.2%, and the per capita net income of farmers was 2894 yuan, an increase of 16%.

tourist resources

Nanyang has a long history, beautiful mountains and rivers, numerous human landscapes and charming natural landscapes. Nanyang is one of the first historical and cultural cities opened to the outside world in China, with 8 national key cultural relics protection units, 64 provincial museums and 4 museums with different themes/kloc-0. Among them, Nanyang Mansion and Neixiang County Mansion are the two best-preserved government buildings in feudal society in China. The large-scale dinosaur egg discovered in Nanyang once caused a sensation in the world, and the rare treasures unearthed from the Spring and Autumn Tombs in Danyang, the capital of Chu, are even more famous. The site of the Great Wall of Chu, known as the "father of the Great Wall of China", is even more eye-catching. There are 2 national nature reserves, 1 national forest park 1 and 1 provincial nature reserve 1. Among them, Baotianman and Laojieshan national nature reserves have unique landforms, good vegetation and picturesque scenery; 200 1, Baotianman was listed in the World Man and Nature Biosphere Reserve; Danjiangkou Reservoir Scenic Area is the largest reservoir in Asia and the source of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The Xixia dinosaur egg biological relic museum under construction will become a rare popular science education base. Yahe River and Stork River in neixiang county drift in 4A-level scenic spots, Funiu Mountain World Geopark has passed the national evaluation, and the Tongbai Heroes Memorial Hall in Yejiadazhuang has been included in the national 100 classic red tourist attractions. The site of Nanzhao Ape Man in Xinghua Mountain, 3 kilometers north of Yunyang Town, nanzhao county, is the birthplace of human beings in the Central Plains. 1978, scientists collected an ape-man tooth fossil and a large number of Quaternary mammal fossils here, which were identified by experts from vertebrate paleontology Institute of Paleoanthropology of China Academy of Sciences and named Nanzhao ape-man. This is a Middle Pleistocene ancient human site about 500,000 years ago, which is roughly equivalent to the era of Peking Zhoukoudian ape-man. Nanzhao ape-man fossil site is an important ancient human site discovered in China, which fills the historical gap of paleolithic culture in the Central Plains, expands the distribution of ape-man in Qinling area, and provides new materials for further study of human origin and development.

opening up to the outside world

Nanyang is one of the comprehensive bases for China's export commodities. The city's export products are nearly 100 varieties in 24 categories and sold to more than 70 countries and regions. The total amount of foreign exchange earned by export has been in the forefront of Henan Province for many years. Nanyang has successively established sister cities with Nanyang City in Japan, Gat City in Israel and Umland Province in Sweden, and established economic, trade and technical exchange relations with more than 70 countries and regions in the world. Nanyang Customs, commodity inspection and port agencies are complete, and Nanyang High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Nanyang Eco-industrial Park and county-level economic and technological development zones have been established, and foreign investment service centers have been set up, which can provide high-quality and efficient services for friends at home and abroad to invest and start businesses in Nanyang. At present, Nanyang is striving to build a strong economic city, a famous cultural city and an ecological city around the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, guided by Scientific Outlook on Development and in accordance with the requirements of "five overall plans". To this end, the city regards opening wider to the outside world as the main strategy of economic development, and adopts a series of measures to optimize the investment environment, open wider to the outside world, and vigorously attract investment. Four consecutive "two festivals and one meeting" were successfully held, and investment promotion activities were held in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai ports, and Nanyang's economic openness and popularity were continuously improved. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, a total of 33 foreign-invested enterprises were newly approved, with the actual utilization of foreign capital of 654.38+67 million US dollars and foreign trade exports of 720 million US dollars.

Nanyang folk songs

In the 5,000-year history of civilization in China, folk songs have made brilliant achievements, profoundly and vividly expressing people's lives, thoughts, feelings, will and wishes. Nanyang folk songs reflect the social practice of various nationalities and times, are the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the people in Nanyang area, and are a musical art genre formed through continuous innovation and tempering.

For thousands of years, it has condensed the spiritual world of Nanyang people. Expressed their thoughts, feelings and wishes. At the same time, various artistic expressions have been created to express people's feelings. It is of great value not only to the study of China's inter-ethnic music, but also to the study of society, nationality, geography, history, language, literature and customs.

In recent years, with the joint efforts of relevant leaders at all levels and all editors, Nanyang has made outstanding achievements in the arrangement, research, editing and publishing of folk music. The publication of Nanyang Folk Songs Integration is unprecedented in the history of folk songs. On the one hand, it combines social customs, musical style and the integrity of folk song lyrics. According to the development and perfection of the genre and form of Nanyang folk songs, Nanyang folk songs can be divided into three categories: chant, folk songs, Tian Ge, lanterns, minor tunes and peddling. Narrative, etc., * * * eight categories, which is more in line with the actual situation, on the other hand, the content and theme, but also a more comprehensive reflection of the local history, society, nationality, culture, production struggle and life, customs and habits of people's way of life. It is not only a valuable reference material for studying the society, culture, history, people, literature and aesthetics in this area, but also a valuable desk reference book for musicians, composers, singers and music lovers.

Nanyang, located at the junction of southwest Henan, Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi provinces, has a special position. Folk songs have accumulated for thousands of years and are distributed in thirteen counties (cities), with a width of about 1 10 km and a length of about 150 km. There are folk songs, ballads, Tian Ge, minor, lanterns, nursery rhymes and customs. Therefore, when discussing and analyzing the color division, spread and style characteristics of folk songs in Nanyang area, it is intended to open up the previous research fields, not only regard folk songs as an isolated culture, but also focus on the multi-faceted relationship with the history, culture, nature and society of the nation (mainly the Han nationality in Nanyang area), especially regard them as an inseparable whole rooted in their soil, that is, cultural background, and widely absorb the contents of geography, culture, archaeology and nationality. It is undoubtedly a very meaningful work to learn the scientific method of stating music thoughts and the thinking method and expression means of national music language that expresses China people's thoughts and feelings, so as to carry forward the excellent tradition of national music culture, revitalize national music and make China national music go to the world.

I. Geography and background

The specific geographical and natural environment is the prerequisite for the bottom-up development of human production, and it is also the basis for the emergence and formation of cultural traditions and cultural characteristics of different races and regions. It is precisely because of the great differences in natural conditions, material production and people's lives that the traditional cultural outlook is profound and diverse. As a category of traditional culture, folk songs are influenced by geographical and natural conditions, and also show obvious regional differences in genre, song type and style. "Song of Attendant" is a kind of folk song formed in the special environment of the loess plateau in northwest China. Its tone is high-pitched, unrestrained, angry and full of emotion and bitterness. But in Jiangnan water town, you can hear all kinds of euphemistic rice songs, which are widely circulated in rice-growing areas. So is Nanyang. The tense, sonorous and simple "Xichuan gongs and drums" in Zhechuan County, a mountainous area in the west, is in sharp contrast with the melodious, slow-paced and free Tongbai Mountain songs and Tian Yang songs in Yuehe County in the southeast. It can be seen that the geographical environment and natural conditions have a profound influence on the style characteristics of folk songs. This is why to study the distribution and panorama of folk songs in Nanyang area, we must first study and analyze the natural geographical conditions in Nanyang area.

The main factors that constitute the geographical environment are mountains, rivers, topography and climate. Mountains often hinder and divide the formation and spread of culture. In many cases, the natural area is consistent with the music (folk songs) area. It can also be said that this natural obstacle affects the boundary of music culture (folk songs). The Qinling Mountains in the west of Nanyang, Funiu Mountain in the north, Tongbai Mountain and Huaihe River in the southeast divide a natural dividing line between the "Central Plains Clan Culture Center" and the "Jianghan Clan Culture Center". So that there are obvious differences in natural landscape and human landscape between the north and the south of China. Folk songs in southern Shaanxi, northwestern Henan, southwestern Henan (Nanyang) and northwestern Hubei all have their own unique style characteristics. Rivers have a deeper influence on China culture than the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, so China culture is naturally divided into two systems: north and south. Although Nanyang is located in the Central Plains, the three major river systems of Danjiang, Baihe and Tanghe in the territory flow into Hubei and join the Hanshui River in Xiangfan, belonging to the Yangtze River system. The source of Huaihe River is at the foot of Tongbai Mountain and flows eastward through Xinyang into Anhui. Most importantly, the north-south water system, climate and vegetation are different due to the trend of mountains. Reflected in people's production, life, customs, language, temperament and style characteristics are also different. However, we should also see that water, as a background, has different influences on the formation of culture, which is often not a natural boundary. On the contrary, in the process of the spread of national folk culture, it has become a natural communication channel. The style and characteristics of Danjiang Haozi, a tributary of Hanshui River, have many similarities with Hanshui boatmen, which is an example.

This complex and diverse geographical structure of Nanyang has been like this since ancient times, which has played a decisive role in the ancient culture, social economy, customs and customs of Nanyang, resulting in regional differences. Because Nanyang is located in the north-south transition zone between rice planting area and millet planting area. Therefore, it has two characteristics, north and south, and there are both northern and southern folk songs in the distribution. This is the direct influence of different modes of production formed in a specific geographical environment on the formation and distribution of Nanyang folk songs. Therefore, studying the geographical background of Nanyang folk songs has become the primary topic in this respect.

Second, the historical and cultural background

Folk songs are an integral part of ancient primitive culture and have a very long history. As for the development of ancient culture in China, some scholars pointed out that in the late Neolithic period, eight clan cultural centers had been formed in China, and Nanyang was located at the intersection of the two centers, namely, the Central Plains clan cultural center and Jianghan clan cultural center. Yangshao culture is the center of clan culture in the Central Plains, with a representative cultural heritage of more than 6,000 years ago. This cultural area is one of the oldest and most well-preserved folk song areas in China. The Book of Songs proved that Nanyang belonged to the Jianghan clan cultural area in Nan Zhou in the Book of Songs at that time, including the vast areas of southern and southwestern Henan (now Nanyang area), and its ancient culture was "Qujialing culture".

In recent years, many Neolithic sites have been discovered in Xichuan, Nanyang, and their culture obviously includes the cultural characteristics of "Yangshao Longshan" and "Qujialing". It can be seen from a large number of cultural relics unearthed in Suixian County, Hubei Province and Si Xia Temple in Xichuan that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, these two adjacent areas had the same smelting technology. The "Songs of Chu" in literature, "Chun Xue" and "Xialiba people" in music are the glorious representatives of the southern culture of our country, and the songs of Chu are the most popular songs in this area, so there is the custom of "Chu people being kind". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jing, Ying, Fan and Deng (believed in Dengzhou and Nanyang) in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River were the most popular and famous "traditional operas" spreading areas at that time. The emergence and quenching of "traditional Chinese opera" is closely related to folk songs in Nanyang and even the Central Plains.

The awarding pattern of modern Han folk songs in China was formed around the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Folk songs in Nanyang area are also the result of gradual accumulation, evolution and development over thousands of years. The genre distribution and style characteristics of its color division should be the transitional characteristics of the north and the south. Influenced by the ancient regional traditions of Chu dialect and customs, Tongbai has a certain kinship with folk songs of Dabie Mountain, Xichuan, Xixia and southern Shaanxi, and between western Henan and southwestern Henan, which also shows that the style characteristics of Nanyang area are not single. But is characterized by diversity. Especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was also the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country. Among a large number of Han stone reliefs unearthed in Nanyang, various kinds of music, hundreds of plays and dance pictures fully reflect Nanyang music culture, especially colorful dance music and dance music.

For thousands of years, Nanyang folk songs have evolved and developed in this ancient land with folk songs and dances. Folk songs have become companions in people's daily life, elegant and prosperous. Therefore, "every beautiful day, sing separately for Zhao Nv; Sitting on the surface, singing and dancing ","Kasuga Tsukasa grazes, the eastern suburbs welcome the spring, the people in the country lead the orchestras, the officials and the people wear colorful flowers, the children wear fresh clothes and compete to see the local cattle, and the old farmers view all kinds of things as grazing, and the Lantern Festival is happy. " Don't lose the reputation of "the hometown of singing and dancing". All these have laid a far-reaching foundation for the formation and development of Nanyang folk songs.

Thirdly, the genre and distribution of folk songs

Due to the influence of topography, the agricultural planting in this area also has the characteristics of north-south direction, mainly wheat, cotton and corn, and Tongbai in the southeast is mostly a rice planting area. The social economy, cultural life, people's psychology, personality, temperament and artistic varieties in this area are directly and strongly influenced by geography and landforms. The first genre of various folk songs is folk songs, Tian Ge and labor songs, followed by lantern songs and minor.

(1) 2nd place: Due to the special location of Nanyang, there are four major water systems in the territory from west to east: Danjiang, Baihe, Tanghe and Huaihe. Since ancient times, it has been connected with Qinling Mountains in the west, Jingxiang in the south, northwest and southeast. It determines its position in the history of ancient traffic in China and becomes a natural bridge to communicate the land and water traffic between the north and the south. In the past, many credit shops, Yuantan and Jingguan docks were extremely busy. However, most boat people are struggling to die day and night. They take boats as their home and water as their life all the year round. There is a nursery rhyme: "There are three knives in the boatman's chest, and there are three roads in front of the boatman. Hunger, floods and imprisonment are accusations against the old society and a portrayal of the miserable life of most boat people.

Chant, a kind of labor song, is a song sung by boatmen in the process of heavy and continuous labor to relieve fatigue, cheer up emotions, adjust spirit, move the scene and express their feelings. It is an artistic expression of the great strength of the working people, which is produced in labor and directly serves the past production.

Although the boatman songs of Danjiang, Baihe and Tanghe are not as systematic and complete as Chuanjiang songs, as far as Danjiang songs are concerned, they also have their own set of songs, such as local tyrants on the water, boating in the water, crossing the street, and carrying boats.

The basic expression method and typical personality characteristics of boatman's bugle music are straightforward, clear and easy to understand, and the expression is very simple, natural and vivid. For example, Nishikawa's "Sheung Shui Tuohao", although it doesn't sing orthography, only has some call sign words to contrast the cavity, but in the high and powerful tone, it is full of majestic gas, and its musical personality is tight and refined.

The formation of chant music is characterized by the rhythm given to chant by the rhythm of labor. Usually 2/4 and 4/4 beat units. Strong sense of beat, strong voice and strong effect. However, there are 3/4 beats in Xichuan's "Bay Ship Anchoring Song" and "Down Swing", and the music is wide and long, and the rhythm fluctuates, which has obvious surprise. The tone is loud and clear, with some characteristics of folk songs.

In addition, Danjiang Haozi has been singing in the form of harmony for many years, combining with each other and echoing each other, forming a complete artistic whole and completing its artistic mission. Its music structure is characterized by simple structure, weak independence of music structure and weak sense of paragraphs. Tamping songs and singing are exceptions.

(2) Folk songs and Tian Ge: Folk songs are directly produced in Shan Ye's working life. They express their feelings simply and freely, with loud and clear tones and free rhythm. Their contents are very extensive, reflecting class oppression and love life, and narrating and spreading knowledge through folk songs. Folk songs in this area are mostly distributed in Tongbai, Xixia, Xichuan and other mountainous areas, such as "Pomegranate Blossoms in Ye Er" by Tongbai, "A Round of Red Sun Mountains and Rivers" by Xixia and Xichuan, and "Folk Songs with Rolling". The former has a high and long tone, mostly free rhythm, no regular rhythm, and simple and smooth feelings. The tone of the latter is "rising" tactfully, beautifully and regularly, while the form of "folk song rolling" is simple, free to sing, improvise, lively and unique.

Tian Ge: It is produced in the field work, and it is mainly used to stimulate labor mood, relieve boredom and fatigue. For example, Tongbai's Song of Car and Water, Xichuan's Ha Ha Diao, Xixia's Da Hou and Tian Ge's playing riddles are all sung by farmers in farm work. Singing forms, mostly for one person to lead the crowd, in the busy farming season, often from early to late, one after another, warm and prosperous. This lead singer form, as well as structural characteristics, is very similar to the labor chant.

(3) Lantern songs: Lantern songs are the product of Nanyang folk customs. The customs of Han nationality mainly include Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day in March, Duanyang Festival in May and Mid-Autumn Festival in August. Among them, the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is the most lively traditional festival of Nanyang people in a year, and "every household lights up for fun" has become a good opportunity to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. People are looking forward to a good year and a good harvest, and many folk songs are specially sung for this purpose.

In ancient Nanyang, there was a traditional habit of playing with lanterns. Lantern songs are widely spread in thirteen counties and cities, especially in Nanyang County (city), Zhenping and Xichuan. This part of folk songs is actually a form of folk song and dance that combines singing, dancing and music. There are mainly nine lotus lanterns, cloud dances, dry boats, stilts, cars, bamboo horses and so on. The song is called dry boat tune or bamboo horse tune. It is also their basic tone. In addition, many folk songs have been absorbed as light music, such as Ten Thoughts, Full Man, Double-decker Cuisine, Opening Doors, Fair, Selling Flat Food and so on. It is often used as a song card for dry boats and bamboo horses.

In towns where lanterns and songs are popular, many people are good at writing, singing and improvising. Lyrics will be simple and humorous, rhyme evenly and make good use of metaphors. Use "association" and "pun" techniques. The compilation method is unique, or triggered by time or number or direction, such as spring, summer, autumn and winter, January, February and March. Twelve months in heaven and underground, Cowherd Watching Lights in Neixiang, Cross Song in Xichuan, Ten Lights in Zhenping, etc. In integration, it is everywhere. The tunes of these songs and dances are lively and lively, accompanied by drums with folk characteristics, and the songs and dances are warm and jubilant, which also adds to the festive atmosphere.

Among the 400 folk songs, there are 124, accounting for 3 1%. Nanyang folk songs are numerous and rich in content, which occupies an important position in Nanyang folk songs.

(4) Minor: It is a small folk song with the widest spread, regular structure and short and pithy style in Nanyang. It comes from places of rest, entertainment and celebration in people's lives. It has the characteristics of various forms of expression, twists and turns, exquisite and incomparable, and its content and genre are also very extensive. In addition to reflecting social contradictions and love life, there are a large number of genres that show family life, legends, jokes, customs and human feelings from time to time. It profoundly affects people's real life and spiritual world, and has outstanding functions of propaganda, education and entertainment.

The musical form of minor is the most abundant and diverse among folk songs, and its main feature is the regularity and flexibility of rhythm. Such as Xinye's Selling Salesmen and Nishikawa's Ten Persuasions. The melodies of Nanyang folk songs fluctuate, most of which are radicals, but it is not uncommon for the melodies to jump by four degrees, five degrees, seven degrees or even eight degrees, which reflects some local characteristics of Nanyang folk songs. The following Yangzhou, burning pomegranate fire.

The lyrics of Nanyang Minor are almost the same as those of folk songs and Tian Ge. They also use numerical sequences, such as the four seasons, May 5th and December. The use of interlining and lining cavity has unique characteristics. Liner words and vocabulary are not as long as the call sign "Hi Yo" and "Li Ya Hi", but Korean liner words are melodic or long-voiced, such as Nanyang County. Oh! "and so on. The widespread use of these melodic accents makes the performance function of folk songs surpass that of songs and folk songs. They can not only complement and set off, but also deepen the content, enrich the image, and sometimes play a role in comparison and setting off.

Minor is one of the most numerous, abundant and widely spread folk songs in Nanyang. Among the 400 integrated folk songs, there are 178 in minor, accounting for 45%.

Fourthly, the mode in folk songs.

There are various modes used in traditional music of all ethnic groups in China, but pentatonic melodic modes composed of pentatonic scales or pentatonic scales are widespread and applied in folk music, and so are folk songs in Nanyang area.

Recently, through the statistical results of 400 folk songs in Comprehensive, it is found that there are five modes of folk songs in this area, such as official tune, business tune, horn sound and signboard (stop reading). The specific number of songs in various modes is as follows:

Official song: 125, accounting for about 3 1% of the total.

Up-regulated songs: 16, accounting for about 4% of the total.

Angle mode songs: 6 songs, accounting for about 1 of the total. 5%

Demand songs: 245 songs, accounting for about 4 1% of the total.

Feather songs: 9 songs, accounting for about 2% of the total.

Other: 1 song

The above statistics show that among the five modes, the tone-seeking mode occupies the first place. The official model is second. These two modes are the most basic modes in Nanyang folk songs. Many streams are distributed in the center of this area. The other three models are few in number and mostly distributed in the marginal areas adjacent to Hubei and Shaanxi. For example, the business model is mostly distributed in Xinye, Tanghe and Xichuan.