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Religion has existed since ancient times. Engels believed that Christianity was the religion of slaves and the oppressed in the ancient world. Since about AD.

Since the 2nd century, members of the ruling class have joined Christianity, and Christianity has gradually become the religion of the country, and Christianity has gradually become the rule.

Class is an indispensable tool of spiritual oppression to tame the people. Foreign missionaries preached in China, and a few missionaries carried out the will of their own government and pursued the policy of cultural aggression against China under the guise of "preaching". 1840, the opium war broke out. Missionaries in China participated in this war directly or indirectly. 1840 in March, after the British government decided to go to China to launch a war of aggression, American missionary Elijah Coleman Bridgman arrogantly declared: "The time has come, and China must yield or fail." ~2j) Avik, the founder of Nanjing, the Seventh Catholic Church, provided a lot of military and political information for Park Dingcha. 1844, France forced the Qing government to sign the Whampoa Treaty, which enabled the great powers to obtain provisions to protect the Catholic Church. 1858, the great powers adopted the Tianjin Treaty, and obtained the privilege of missionaries to preach in the mainland of China.

Under the protection of the treaty system, missionaries from western capitalist countries flocked to China. From 1846, Catholicism

There are three parishes in Macau, Nanjing and Beijing, and parishes in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Huguang, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Hong Kong. By the end of 19, there were 800 Catholic missionaries and 700,000 Christians in China. Christian priests in China have been working near the Great Wall for 44 years.

There are 365,438+0 people, which increased to 65,438+0,500 at the end of 2009, with about 80,000 followers. In addition, Russian Orthodox Christians also poured into eastern China.

Northern region. The essence of the "man-religion" conflict created by missionary VII in China is aggression and anti-aggression, slavery and anti-slavery, and oppression.

The struggle against oppression, conquest and anti-conquest can never be simply attributed to "cultural conflict." When foreign missionaries came to China, the first thing they built was a church. Jianshi church includes "returning the church" and "building a chapter" The so-called "returning the church" means forcibly returning Tianfeng and other churches confiscated by the Qing government before the Opium War. Decades later, the original church no longer exists. Missionaries relied on their privileges, or they stubbornly called the church owned by gentlemen, forcing people to return the church, or called it "guild hall, office and safe hall" or "substitute for the church" Such incidents have occurred from time to time in Jinan, Tai 'an and other places in Shandong.

The so-called "building a church" means that missionaries have to build a new church wherever they go. Missionaries "seek land and real estate without first reporting to local officials and making a hard contract."

According to the incident, almost all provinces in China. The most typical example is "Chongzhou Teaching Plan". In the late 1980s, the leader of the German Evangelical Society.

John the Baptist Feng Anze tried to establish Yanlaitang in Lunan, the birthplace of Confucianism. The behavior of German missionaries "building churches" is justified.

However, they were resisted by Shandong people, who angrily expelled John the Baptist Feng Anze and his German consul. Germany built a church in Yanzhou, straight

It was not until 1897 that the Juye religious plan occurred that it was realized by its own military strength.

Attachment: 1 Yanzhou Teaching Plan: The North Campus of Yanzhou Campus of Qufu Normal University in Shandong Province was originally the former site of Yanzhou Church. Yanzhou Church was said to be 368 meters long from north to south and 2 16 meters wide from east to west. It was one of the largest Catholic churches in China at that time. Today, the remaining buildings of Yanzhou Church are only a small part of the hierarch building at its northern end. The luxury and grandeur of the church can be called a landscape in Yanzhou and its surrounding areas. It is this Yanzhou church that once broke out a religious plan in Yanzhou that shocked China and foreign countries in the process of historical construction. It also wrote a bloody page of Yanzhou people in ancient China.

Yanzhou Church was originally creatively built by German missionary John the Baptist Feng Anze in the 12th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1886). First, he secretly bought a house named Lujia in Yanzhou City as a missionary place. After this incident was discovered by the local authorities, under the leadership of Tang Patent, a wise man in Yanzhou, Yanzhou launched a huge wave of anti-Westernization. They not only organized people to post slogans such as "slay traitors to clear up civil strife and expel foreign religions to smooth out foreign invasion", but also picked up sticks and patrolled everywhere, threatening to cut their ears and chop their hands when they saw those who spread foreign religions. The frightened John the Baptist Feng Anze and others fled before they could do more.

A year later, An Zhitai came to Yanzhou again to buy a house and build a church. This time, he bought a family house as a foundation to build a church. As a result, the people blocked the city gate and shouted to catch the traitor who bought the house. Not only did the church not be built, but an experimental shed was built on the basis of the house where the church was built as quickly as possible.

Yanzhou people resolutely refused to build churches in the city. At that time, the yamen of the Prime Minister, that is, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing government, explained this: "China believed in Confucius' theory and respected it extremely. Yanzhou is the hometown of Confucius and the root of Confucianism. If you want to build a church there, not only the local people will be indignant, but also the people of the world will be shocked. " In the words of local people, foreign religions belong to cults, which are confusing and deviant. Therefore, in any case, Yanzhou, which is close to Confucius' hometown, must not let them build churches at will. Therefore, despite several plans and attempts to build churches here in various ways, either people were driven out of the city or temporary missionary sites were demolished overnight.

Until 1890, An Zhitai returned to Germany and was received by Yu Di, and obtained the right to protect the country and education in Shandong. Therefore, German minister Sigen made a special trip to Yanzhou and threatened to build a church here. As a result, Yanzhou immediately set off another storm against the construction of churches. When people in the city and the countryside heard the news, "there are countless people in the street,,,, fluctuating like rolling sea water, and washing the racecourse is like a yellow honeycomb." People try their best to drill holes there, distribute weapons and plan plots there. " The deafening loud voice and the sound of gongs and drums came and went, scaring the German minister to run away without saying a few words.

Until later, accompanied by a group of big shots, An Zhitai led a group of people to Yanzhou. The locals simply ignored this and gathered around them. Even Yao Zan, a local official and Taoist priest of Yi Yan Cao Ji, dare not promise in person. As a result, one of An Zhitai's entourage expressed dissatisfaction when going out, which caused public anger. The entourage was beaten by the masses on the spot, and the county grandfather was directly pushed under the table. An Zhitai was dragged out of the sedan chair and was severely beaten. In the words of local officials at that time, "the people are United as one, and there is a great tendency to die without regret."

The confrontation of Yanzhou church lasted for ten years, but the locals just wouldn't let foreigners build churches here. Then 1895. At that time, the Germans were looking for reasons to carve up China. In an official document submitted to Emperor Yu, it was publicly stated that Yanzhou was not allowed to build churches, which may be the cause of the attack. The weak and corrupt rulers of the Qing Dynasty had to make concessions after the German armed occupation of Qingdao, when there was a Juye religious case that killed German missionaries. Germany gained colonial rights in Shandong. 1897, the Yanzhou church case that lasted for ten years finally came to an end. With the weakness and humiliation of the country, under the armed protection of the Qing government, the German rulers finally built a large-scale Catholic church in Yanzhou City.

2 Cao Zhou religious case: 1897 conflict between the masses and German missionaries in Juye County, Cao Zhou. Also known as the Cao Zhou Religious Project. This was one of the major religious plans at that time. After the incident, the Qing government was forced to sign the Jiaoao Concession Treaty with Germany. 19 In the 1990s, German imperialism actively expanded to the Far East. 1890, it obtained the protection right of missionaries in Runander from the French, and tried its best to use missionaries to serve its aggression. From 1896 to 1897, Germany twice asked the Qing government to lease JIAOZHOU bay, but both were rejected. Kaiser William I wanted to resort to force, but Prime Minister Henrik Hohendo advised him to wait patiently, thinking that the religious plan of 12 years might be used as an excuse for German action.

The public in Cao Zhou was dissatisfied with German missionaries' instigation of parishioners to oppress the people. 1897, 1 10, 1 year1on the evening of October 30th, Hui Chaoxian, Lei et al. from Avenue fled to Mopan zhang jia zhuang Church in Juye County, killing Franciscans and other German Anglican missionaries who stayed in the church. At the same time, in Shouzhang, Jining, Shanxian and chengwu, there were incidents of destroying churches and beating priests and parishioners. After the case happened, the Qing government immediately sent a Taoist official to investigate and deal with it. However, on June 6th, 165438+ Germany ordered Diliz, the German naval prefect stationed in Wusong, to lead a fleet to JIAOZHOU Bay to occupy key points, cities and other strongholds. June165438+1October 10 German Ambassador to China Hai Jing made six unreasonable demands to the Qing government, and the Qing government accepted and signed the Jiaoao Concession Treaty. Shandong Governor Li Bingheng was dismissed; On behalf of the Chinese side, compensate the church for the loss of 3,000 taels of silver, and compensate three churches (66,000 taels of silver each) and seven priests' houses (24,000 taels of silver); An order to protect German priests; Hui Chaoxian and Lei were executed, while others were imprisoned for 5 years. Germany was allowed to lease JIAOZHOU bay for 99 years and enjoyed the privilege of building JIAOZHOU-JIAOZHOU railway and mining 30 miles of minerals along the route. Thus Shandong became the sphere of influence of Germany.