Write an instruction manual for emergency rescue equipment such as fire extinguishers and life jackets. 350 words

Classification of fire extinguishers

There are many types of fire extinguishers, which can be divided into: portable and cart-type according to their movement methods; according to the power source for driving the fire extinguishing agent, they can be divided into: gas storage Bottle type, pressure storage type, chemical reaction type; according to the filled fire extinguishing agent, it can be divided into: foam, dry powder, haloalkane, carbon dioxide, acid-base, water, etc.

Fire extinguishers are suitable for fires and how to use them (portable)

1. Foam fire extinguishers are suitable for fires and how to use them

Scope of application

Applicable It is suitable for extinguishing general Class B fires, such as oil products, grease and other fires. It can also be used for Class A fires, but it cannot extinguish fires involving water-soluble flammable and flammable liquids in Class B fires, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, etc. Material fires; also cannot extinguish live equipment and Class C and D fires.

How to use: You can carry the lifting ring on the upper part of the cylinder and rush to the fire scene quickly. At this time, care should be taken not to tilt the fire extinguisher excessively, nor to hold it horizontally or upside down, to prevent the two agents from mixing and spraying out in advance. When you are about 10 meters away from the ignition point, you can turn the cylinder upside down, hold the lifting ring tightly with one hand, hold the bottom ring of the cylinder with the other hand, and aim the jet at the burning object. When fighting a flammable liquid fire, if it is burning in a flowing manner, spray the foam from far to near so that the foam completely covers the burning liquid surface; if it burns in a container, shoot the foam toward the inner wall of the container to make the foam It flows along the inner wall and gradually covers the fire liquid surface. Do not spray directly at the liquid surface to avoid the impact of the jet from scattering or flushing the burning liquid out of the container and expanding the combustion range. When fighting a solid material fire, the jet should be aimed at the most violent burning point. When extinguishing a fire, as the effective spray distance shortens, the user should gradually approach the burning area and always spray foam on the burning object until it is extinguished. When in use, the fire extinguisher should always be kept upside down, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.

(Portable) foam fire extinguishers should be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated and easily accessible place. They should not be near high temperatures or places that may be exposed to the sun to prevent carbonic acid from decomposing and becoming ineffective; antifreeze measures should be taken in winter , to prevent freezing; dust should be wiped off frequently and the nozzle should be cleared to keep it smooth.

2. The trolley-type foam fire extinguisher’s fire adaptability and usage method

Its fire adaptability is the same as that of the portable chemical foam fire extinguisher.

Instructions for use: When used, it is usually operated by two people. First, quickly push and pull the fire extinguisher to the fire scene, stop it about 10 meters away from the fire point, and after one person releases the spray hose, hold the spray gun tightly with both hands and Aim at the burning point; the other first turns the handwheel counterclockwise, raises the screw to the highest position, and opens the bottle cap fully, then tilts the cylinder backward to touch the pull rod to the ground, and rotates the valve handle 90 degrees. Foam can be sprayed to extinguish the fire. If the valve is installed at the spray gun, the person responsible for operating the spray gun should open the valve.

Fire extinguishing methods and precautions are basically the same as portable chemical foam fire extinguishers, so you can refer to them. Since this type of fire extinguisher has a long spray distance and a long continuous spray time, it can give full play to its advantages and be used to extinguish initial fires in large-area storage tanks or oil tank trucks.

3. Air foam fire extinguishers are suitable for fires and use methods

Scope of application:

The scope of application is basically the same as that of chemical foam fire extinguishers. However, anti-soluble foam fire extinguishers can also put out fires caused by water-soluble flammable and combustible liquids such as alcohols, ethers, ketones and other solvents.

How to use:

When using it, you can carry it by hand or shoulder and quickly run to the fire scene. When you are about 6 meters away from the burning object, pull out the safety pin, hold the opening handle with one hand, and hold the opening handle with the other hand. Hold the spray gun tightly with one hand; pinch the opening pressure handle firmly to open the seal or pierce the sealing piece of the gas storage bottle, and the air foam will be sprayed out from the mouth of the spray gun. The fire extinguishing method is the same as that of a portable chemical foam fire extinguisher. However, when using an air foam fire extinguisher, the fire extinguisher should always be kept upright. Do not use it upside down or lying down, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.

At the same time, you should always hold the opening pressure handle tightly and do not let go, otherwise the injection will be interrupted.

4. Acid-base fire extinguishers are suitable for fires and how to use them

Scope of application:

Suitable for extinguishing initial fires burning Class A materials, such as wood and fabrics , paper, etc. burning fire. It cannot be used to extinguish fires burning Class B substances, nor can it be used to extinguish Class C flammable gas or Class D light metal fires. At the same time, it cannot be used to put out fires involving electrified objects.

How to use:

When using, you should carry the lifting ring on the upper part of the cylinder and quickly run to the fire location. Never carry the fire extinguisher on your back or tilt it too much to prevent the two liquids from mixing and spraying in advance. When you are about 6 meters away from the burning object, you can turn the fire extinguisher upside down and shake it several times to speed up the mixing of the two liquids; hold the lifting ring with one hand and the bottom ring under the cylinder with the other hand to spray the fire extinguisher. The jet is directed at the most intense burning point. At the same time, as the injection distance decreases, the user should push closer to the burning place.

5. How to use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher

When extinguishing a fire, just lift or carry the fire extinguisher to the fire scene, about 5 meters away from the burning object, put down the fire extinguisher, pull out the safety pin, and hold it with one hand Hold the handle at the base of the horn, and hold the pressure handle of the opening and closing valve tightly with the other hand. For carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without spray hoses, the horn should be raised 70-90 degrees. When using, do not directly grasp the outer wall of the speaker or the metal connecting tube with your hands to prevent frostbite on your hands. When extinguishing a fire, when the flammable liquid burns in a flowing form, the user sprays the jet of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent toward the flame from near to far. If flammable liquid burns in the container, the user should lift the horn. Spray into the burning container from the upper side of the container. However, the carbon dioxide jet cannot directly impact the flammable liquid surface to prevent the flammable liquid from rushing out of the container and expanding the fire, making it difficult to extinguish the fire.

Trolley-type carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are generally operated by two people. When using them, two people push or pull the fire extinguisher to the burning place, stop it about 10 meters away from the burning object, and one person quickly removes the horn and unfolds it. After spraying the hose, hold the handle at the base of the horn, and another person quickly turns the handwheel counterclockwise and turns it to the maximum position. The fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable method.

When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, if it is used outdoors, you should choose to spray in the upwind direction. If it is used in a small space outdoors or indoors, the operator should leave quickly after extinguishing the fire to prevent suffocation.

6. How to use the 1211 portable fire extinguisher

When using, the handle of the portable fire extinguisher or the shoulder fire extinguisher should be brought to the fire scene. Put down the fire extinguisher about 5 meters away from the burning place, pull out the safety pin first, hold the opening handle with one hand, and hold the nozzle at the front end of the spray hose with the other hand. If the fire extinguisher does not have a spray hose, you can hold the opening handle with one hand and hold the bottom ring of the fire extinguisher with the other hand. First, aim the nozzle at the burning place, hold the opening handle firmly, and let the fire extinguisher spray. When the flammable liquid being extinguished is burning in a flowing manner, the user should aim at the root of the flame from near to far, sweep left and right, and push forward quickly until the flame is completely extinguished. If a flammable liquid is burning in the container, follow the blaze by rocking it left and right. When the blaze is driven out of the container, the jet should follow the blaze and mow until all the blaze is extinguished. However, care should be taken not to spray the jet directly on the burning liquid surface to prevent the momentum of the fire extinguishing agent from rushing the flammable liquid out of the container and expanding the fire, causing difficulty in extinguishing the fire. If you are fighting an initial fire involving flammable solid materials, aim the jet at the most violent burning point. When the flame is extinguished, take timely measures to prevent it from re-igniting. The 1211 fire extinguisher cannot be used upside down or lying down, otherwise the fire extinguishing agent will not spray out. In addition, when using it outdoors, you should choose to spray in the upwind direction; when putting out a fire in a small room, the operator should evacuate quickly after extinguishing the fire, because the 1211 fire extinguishing agent also has a certain degree of toxicity to prevent harm to the human body.

7. How to use the trolley-type 1211 fire extinguisher

There are generally two operations when putting out a fire. First push or pull the fire extinguisher to the fire scene, and stop it about 10 meters away from the burning place. One person quickly releases the spray hose, holds the spray gun tightly, and aims it at the burning area; the other quickly opens the fire extinguisher valve. The fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable 1211 fire extinguisher.

Maintenance of trolley-type fire extinguishers

The maintenance requirements for trolley-type fire extinguishers are the same as those of portable 1211 fire extinguishers.

8. Use of 1301 fire extinguisher

The use method and scope of application of 1301 fire extinguisher are the same as those of 1211 fire extinguisher. However, since the 1301 fire extinguishing agent is sprayed in the form of mist, its fire extinguishing ability is not as high as that of the 1211 fire extinguisher when used outdoors in windy conditions, so it should be sprayed in the upwind direction.

9. Dry powder fire extinguisher adaptability to fires and usage methods

Sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguisher is suitable for initial fires of flammable, combustible liquids, gases and electrical equipment; ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher In addition to being used for the above types of fires, it can also be used to put out first fires involving solid materials. But none of them can put out metal burning fires.

When putting out a fire, you can quickly run to the fire scene with a handheld or shoulder-carrying fire extinguisher, and put down the fire extinguisher about 5 meters away from the burning place. If you are outdoors, you should choose to spray in the upwind direction. If the dry powder fire extinguisher used is an external pressure storage type, the operator should hold the spray gun firmly with one hand and lift the opening handle on the gas storage bottle with the other hand. If the gas storage bottle is opened by a hand wheel, turn it counterclockwise, rotate it to the highest position, and then lift the fire extinguisher. When the dry powder is sprayed out, quickly aim at the root of the flame and sweep. If the dry powder fire extinguisher used has a built-in gas storage bottle or a pressure storage type, the operator should first remove the safety pin on the opening handle, then hold the nozzle at the front end of the spray hose, and use the other hand to open the pressure handle Press down and open the fire extinguisher to put out the fire. When using a fire extinguisher with a spray hose or a pressure-storage fire extinguisher, the handle should always be depressed with one hand and cannot be released, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.

When using a dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguish combustible or flammable liquid fires, you should aim at the main part of the flame and spray. If the liquid fire being extinguished is flowing and burning, you should aim at the root of the flame from near to far, and spray left and right until Put out all the flames. If a flammable liquid is burning in the container, users should aim at the root of the blaze and rock it to mow, so that the sprayed dry powder flow covers the entire container opening. When the blaze is driven out of the container, the user should continue to spray until the blaze is extinguished. . When putting out a flammable liquid fire in a container, be careful not to point the nozzle directly at the liquid surface to prevent the impact of the jet from causing the flammable liquid to splash out and expand the fire, making it difficult to extinguish the fire. If a flammable liquid burns in a metal container for too long and the wall temperature of the container is higher than the self-ignition point of the flammable liquid, it will easily cause re-ignition after the fire is extinguished. If used in conjunction with a foam fire extinguisher, the fire will be extinguished. Better results.

When using an ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguish a solid combustible fire, the spray should be aimed at the most violent burning point and sweep up, down, left and right. If conditions permit, the user can hold the fire extinguisher and spray it while walking around the burning object, so that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed evenly on the surface of the burning object until the flame is completely extinguished.

10. How to use a cart-type dry powder fire extinguisher

The method of using a cart-type dry powder fire extinguisher is the same as that of a portable dry powder fire extinguisher.