Development of social work in the fields of women, marriage, and family (2)

Development status of social work in the fields of women, marriage and family

2. Main service objects and areas

(1) Service objects

Social work in the field of women, marriage and family mainly serves women and members of families who encounter special problems or difficulties. From the perspective of women, although the status of the majority of women in my country has been greatly improved, due to the influence of traditional culture and the complex environment of social transformation, many women face difficulties in rights protection, poverty, and employment.

1. Women who encounter special problems or difficulties

Single mothers are an important service target in the field of social work on women, marriage and family. The "Single Mother" family social work service launched in Jiaxing, Zhejiang in December 2009 was the first project in the country for single mothers. At the end of 2008, the Shanghai Pudong New Area Women's Federation designed the "Professional Family Social Work Service" project for three types of crisis families: "single mothers" in Weifang, "migrant daughters-in-law" in Sanlin, and "stability-maintaining mothers" in Chuansha. The "Zhuhai Collaborator's Home" established in Zhuhai in 2008 targets migrant women working in industrial parks. Shenzhen Pengxing's anti-domestic violence project mainly targets victims of violence.

2. Ordinary women

Improving ordinary women’s awareness of independence and rights protection, and enhancing their potential are the main purposes of social work in the fields of women, marriage and family.

In 2008, Guangdong Province allocated 10 million yuan to the Guangdong Provincial Women’s Federation, and the Guangdong Provincial Women’s Rights Protection and Information Service Station project was officially launched and opened in Shantou, Foshan, Meizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Zhanjiang, Xinjiang, and Service stations have been set up in 8 places including Yihe Province Women and Children Activity Center. This project is committed to providing marriage adjustment, legal consultation, psychological counseling, family mediation, legal education and other services to women and families. It is the first time that the Guangdong Provincial Women's Federation has integrated the organizational advantages of the Women's Federation with the professional advantages of social work. It is the first nationwide The first public welfare service center hosted by the Women's Federation specifically for women's rights protection and information services. In 2012, the Yangpu District Women's Federation cooperated with Shanghai Haixing Home Social Worker Office to introduce social work into the traditional work of the Women's Federation. The Yuan Dynamics---Female Family Growth Public Service Project was officially launched. The project focuses on the disadvantaged Women and their families serve as service groups, and women's empowerment drives family empowerment.

3. Other members of the family

In Zhejiang Haining's project for "families who lost their only child", it brings warmth to parents who have lost their children and provides physical and mental health services. , is a highlight of the project. In the development of many projects, attention is also paid to the improvement of parent-child relationships and parent education capabilities. For example, the "Sunshine" series in Shenzhen created the "Sunshine Parents" public welfare project to provide scientific parenting guidance services. The "Family Station" project in Nanjing also provides services to parents by holding parent schools or holiday schools. In the anti-domestic violence project of Shenzhen Pengxing, both men who are perpetrators of violence and children who have witnessed domestic violence have become service targets. The Magnolia Care Special Attack Team established by the Magnolia Family Service Center in Dongguan, Guangdong also provides help to vulnerable groups such as single-parent families, families with financial difficulties, lonely elderly people, and New Guan families in the community, establishing care files, and providing professional services.

(2) Main fields

1. Marriage field

Chinese marriages in the transition period have encountered unprecedented crises, with marital conflicts, extramarital affairs, divorce and other incidents continuing. Impact on traditional marriage. Many social work practices are aimed at many problems in the field of marriage. The anti-domestic violence social work assistance project of Shenzhen Pengxing Social Work Service Co., Ltd. mainly targets marital violence. On November 20, 2012, the Carnation Women's In-depth Service Project was launched in Baiyun District, becoming the first marriage and family special service purchased by the government in Guangzhou.

The Marriage and Family Work Committee of the China Association of Social Work is a national public welfare organization with industry characteristics that was officially approved and registered by the Ministry of Civil Affairs to engage in marriage and family social work and related services. The Home and Engineering Social Work Service Project was established by the association in 2011. Officially launched and became the association’s main social work service project. Among them, Weiqing Social Work Office is a key work project of the Marriage and Family Work Committee of the China Social Work Association of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. They use the concept of "protecting love first, then protecting rights" and are committed to intervening in divorce crises, optimizing couples' emotions, and concluding happy marriages. Create a happy family and build a harmonious society? At present, a number of Weiqing social work offices have been established in Shanxi, Beijing, Shanghai and other places, with full-time staff providing emotional mediation and legal aid services to people preparing for divorce. The development of these social works in the field of marriage has provided services to thousands of individuals and families experiencing marital crises, alleviated their marital problems to a certain extent, and done a lot of useful work to alleviate social conflicts.

2. Family field

Families in transition have encountered unprecedented crises, family relationships have deteriorated, and domestic violence has occurred frequently. Family crises such as single-parent family problems caused by the increasing divorce rate and families who have lost their only child due to special national policies urgently need the professional services of social work.

In recent years, social work practice has also launched many services in the family field, such as the "Carnation Action" for families who lost their only child in Haining City, Zhejiang Province in early 2013; and the "social work service to assist single-parent families" in Xiamen, Fujian Province. Projects, etc. are services targeted at a specific family problem. In response to problems in the family field, comprehensive practical work has been carried out in reality. In 2001, the "Community Intervention for Family Problems" pilot project jointly launched by Tianjin "Half the Sky Home" and Beijing Hongfeng Women's Psychological Counseling Service Center is currently being implemented. The scope of services is quite extensive; the Magnolia Family Service Center established by the Dongguan Women's Federation in 2009, the "Sunshine" series of service projects launched by the Shenzhen Women's Federation in 2007 include the "Sunshine Family Comprehensive Service Center" specifically for families, and the "Sunshine Family Comprehensive Service Center" in Beijing in 2011. "Family Comprehensive Service Project", "3861 My Home" launched by the Guangzhou Haizhu District Women's Federation in 2011, the "Family Station" project launched by the Nanjing Women's Federation in 2013, etc., and the 2013 Hope Social Work Service Center in Huli District, Xiamen City The "Social Work Service Project to Assist Single-Parent Families" and other services are developed to address various family problems, covering a very wide range and benefiting thousands of ordinary families.

3. Service methods and main models

(1) Service methods

Judging from the practical development of social work on women, marriage and family, the traditional social work The three major methods are used in all projects. In addition, psychological counseling and other methods are also widely used in social work practice. The details are as follows.

1. Case work methods

Shenzhen Pengxing’s anti-domestic violence social worker support project provides crisis intervention services to people affected by domestic violence, and proactively contacts and cares for victim families in need. , providing them with long-term case follow-up consulting services. Shanghai's "Professional Family Social Work Service" project uses casework methods. By the end of 2013, 108 cases of case counseling had been completed.

In 2010, Shanxi established the Weiqing Social Work Office as the first pilot base for home and engineering projects in the country. It dispatched 7 professional social workers and psychological counselors with many years of service experience to regularly work at The court is on duty and provides counseling through psychological counseling for individuals and families. During the counseling process, if it is found that the case needs further follow-up, it will be referred to the Women's Research Association for more in-depth case intervention. Through this method, many Long-term follow-up evaluation of individual cases has achieved very good results.

2. Group work method

Jiaxing, Zhejiang, a professional social work service for single mother families, established the Sunshine Mom Club, using the group work method to develop project activities for single mothers. Plans and monthly activity plans were prepared and announced to the public. Activities such as a computer learning group for mothers to help each other, a talent show group, and a parallel parent-child group were carried out. The anti-domestic violence social worker assistance project of Shenzhen Pengxing Social Work Service Co., Ltd. carries out group activities, workshops and other forms for victims of violence and perpetrators. Shanghai's "Family Professional Social Work Service" project has achieved very good results through 10 growth groups, 10 treatment groups, and 5 mutual aid groups. A total of 2,100 people participated in these 25 groups. The Guangdong Women’s Rights Protection and Information Service Station carries out group activities such as single-parent family groups, stress reduction workshops for sunshine female workers, and self-help groups for left-behind women to help others help themselves and promote women’s development.

3. Community work methods

As some scholars have pointed out, community workers can help community women assess their own needs as a whole, identify key points, acquire skills, and develop resources. Organize corresponding projects and activities to promote the development of women in the process of promoting community development and community resource construction. ?Community work methods have been widely used in social work in the fields of women, marriage and family. The social work service project to assist single-parent families in Xiamen, Fujian, established a single-parent family service station in Xinghua Community and established the "Xinyu" Single-parent Family Club, aiming to build a mutual aid and communication platform for single-parent families in need, and the club can improve With the purpose of "self, happy growth", it provides members with services such as networking information, consultation suggestions, emotional support and psychological counseling. At the same time, it regularly holds a variety of activities such as schools, salons, and social gatherings to serve single-parent families wholeheartedly.

Relying on the Yunnan Lianxin Community Care Service Center, the Yunnan Women's Federation established the "Yunnan Women's Federation Community Migrant Women and Children Service Demonstration Workstation" in 2010. This service center takes the people's livelihood as the entry point to help Women and children in the community solve the most direct and practical interests. They have carried out various activities to help women earn a living, such as organizing waste recycling teams and running sewing and handicraft training classes to help women solve employment problems. The Magnolia Family Service Center was established under the leadership of the Dongguan Women's Federation in 2009. By the end of 2013, it had established 25 service centers, introduced 84 professional social workers, and established 46 Magnolia Family Service Rooms in villages (communities). Contacted 207 social organizations and developed 2,557 volunteers.

4. Psychological counseling and marriage counseling methods

Zhejiang Haining's "Carnation Action" is aimed at families who have lost their only child. For physical and mental conditions, psychological counselors are introduced into the service and relevant professional services are provided. Shenzhen's "Sunshine" series of service projects has established "Sunshine Mind Studio" to provide professional psychological counseling services and provide psychological adjustment, psychological counseling, case consultation and other services to the public. In May 2013, the unveiling ceremony of Jiahe Engineering Shenzhen Work Base and Shenzhen Jiahexing Marriage Hospital was held in Luohu District. This institution is provided by professional emotional counselors, psychological counselors, social workers and other personnel.

(2) Main models

Since the development of social work practice in the field of women, marriage and family in my country, a work model led by women's federations, relying on communities and participating in professional institutions has initially formed. Three Participants make full use of their own advantages and achieve complementary advantages, making practical work smoother and more effective.

First, the leading role of the Women’s Federation. Among the representative social work practices on women, marriage and family that we collected, the vast majority of projects are led and promoted by the Women’s Federation.

Shenzhen Women's Federation's "Sunshine Service Series", Zhejiang Province Jiaxing Women's Federation's "Single Mother Family Professional Social Work Service", Guangzhou Zhuhai Women's Federation's "Zhuhai Collaborator Women's Home", Tianjin Women's Federation's "Half the Sky Home", Guangdong Dongguan City The "Magnolia Family Service Center" promoted by the Women's Federation, the "Family Professional Social Work Service" project led by the Shanghai Pudong New Area Women's Federation, the "Guangdong Women's Rights Protection and Information Service Station" project initiated by the Guangdong Provincial Women's Federation, the Guangzhou Haizhu District Women's Federation 3861 I Home Project, Beijing Women's Federation's Family Comprehensive Service Project, Nanjing Women's Federation's Family Station Project, Shanghai Yangpu District Women's Federation's Yuan Power --- Women's Family Growth Public Service Project, etc. The projects are all led and promoted by the Women's Federation. During the implementation of the project, the Women's Federation organization made full use of its original network and staff, and relied on social work methods to provide more professional and effective services to ordinary individuals and families.

Second, relying on community platforms, social work provides a full range of services to individual women and tens of millions of families in the process of practical implementation.

In 2001, the Tianjin Women’s Federation and the Beijing Hongfeng Women’s Psychological Counseling Service Center launched the “Community Intervention for Family Problems” pilot project, located in Danjiangli Community, Yueyayhe Street, Hebei District. When the project was established, the leaders introduced the professional concepts and methods of social work, focused on volunteerism and gender awareness, and carried out case and group work through psychological counseling, legal consultation and family education to provide community residents with Professional service. The project has grown from one community in a district to more than 570 communities at present, and has also gone through three stages: experimental growth, local promotion and city-wide promotion. The "Magnolia Family Service Center" in Dongguan, Guangdong, based on Hong Kong's family service experience, established a family service center that focuses on women and children, supplements families, and is community-based. It forms a linkage service model with various community organizations. Nanjing's "Family Comprehensive Service Project" is also piloted in communities, focusing on handling various family crises, focusing on the investigation of various family relationships during the service process, assisting children and adolescents in healthy growth, and developing related services for empty-nest elderly people in the community.

Third, the participation of professional institutions. The participation of professional organizations in the field of social work on women, marriage and family has made the practice truly professional and achieved good results. At the end of 2008, Shanghai Public Welfare Social Worker Service, the first domestic social work firm, won the Pudong New Area's "Family Professional Social Work" project through competitive bidding. It was one of the first to adopt the government-funded purchase of services from professional social work service agencies and the introduction of a third-party evaluation agency. project. Jiaxing Sunshine Family Social Work Office, established in December 2009, specializes in single mother projects; "Zhuhai Collaborator" is a professional social work service agency rooted in Doumen Xinqing Industrial Zone, and later engaged in services specifically for female workers in the industrial zone ; the Carnation women's in-depth service project undertaken by Baiyun Heyi Marriage 360 ??Consulting Center; the "Carnation Action" for families who lost their only child in Haining, Zhejiang Province, undertaken by Shuguang Social Studio; Shanghai Haixing Home Social Worker's Office launched Yuan Dynamic- --Women, family growth, public service projects, etc. are all typical cases of professional organizations participating in social work practice.

4. Future Prospects of Social Work Practice on Women, Marriage, and Family

After nearly ten years of development, China’s social work practice in the field of women, marriage, and family has experienced unprecedented growth. There has been a change from a single service model to a diversified service model. The service areas have become wider and wider, and they have become more and more close to the needs of women, marriages and families. However, the professional development of social work in the fields of women, marriage and family needs to be strengthened, and the balanced development between regions and the protection at the institutional level are all directions that require further efforts. Specifically, in the future, the development of social work in the fields of women, marriage and family will also need to work hard from the following aspects to achieve better development.

First, adhere to specialization and professional development. From a professional perspective, the current teaching content of social work in the fields of women, marriage and family is basically still in the dissemination stage, and a sound internship supervision mechanism has not yet been established.

Therefore, reforming the existing education system and forming a unique localized training program is an important task for cultivating professional talents. ?To develop a large-scale team of professional social workers, relying solely on professional training in universities cannot keep up with actual needs. Therefore, professional training for relevant in-service personnel, to enhance their professional abilities through training, and then engage in professional service work, may this be an important way to build a team of social work professionals in my country in the next few years?.

And in In terms of professionalization, it is necessary to establish sound social work laws and regulations, improve supporting systems for the professionalization of women, marriage and family social work, etc., in order to realize the professionalization of talents in this field.

Second, expand existing service areas and combine remedial, preventive and developmental social work. The existing social work practice for women, marriage and family focuses more on solving problems after they arise, and preventive and developmental service work is relatively sparse in this field. As some scholars have pointed out, family social work should include two models: one is the problem intervention model, with the goal of helping families restore normal functions; the other is the preventive development model, which intervenes in advance before family problems arise, so as to The goal is to improve the family's ability to cope with the environment and strengthen the normal family functions.

In terms of future practice development, we must combine remedial, preventive and developmental social work practices. At the same time, the original social work service content in the fields of women, marriage and family also needs to be continuously expanded to continuously meet the diverse needs of women and families.

Third, government policy support and the formulation of relevant regulations. Policy support is the biggest driving force for social work to make great progress. The effective development of social work requires a good operating environment of policies and regulations. We also look forward to the early establishment of corresponding family welfare organizations and institutions, ranging from the government to grassroots communities, to form a systematic family welfare service organizational structure and form an institutional guarantee for the development of social work for women, marriage and family. At the same time, we also hope that the mainstreaming of gender awareness can truly become the common consciousness of the whole society. It is an important driving force for women and family social work to achieve important breakthroughs in the future. ;