Several special antithetical forms in couplets

Couplets are often right, and couplets try their best to improve in the confrontation. The metonymy method in the traditional poetic meter can change the words that cannot be relative into words that can be relative, and even become the antithesis of extreme skills, so that the antithesis can gain greater freedom and provide a way for the transformation of extensive skills. Borrowing can be divided into borrowing and borrowing.

1, borrowing meaning pairs

As a dual word, although the original meaning of the sentence is wrong, it has other meanings, so it belongs to Seiko, which is the principle of borrowing meaning to right.

Alcohol debt is common,

Life is seventy years old. ? (Tang Du Fu's Seven Laws Qujiang)

"Ordinary" is a universal meaning, but the ancient system takes eight feet as the search and times as the total, so it can be used as a quantifier, as opposed to "seventy".

There are seven stars next to the Big Dipper;

People and Dongpo are like two guests. ? (Bai Qing Wenmin and Wu Shan Zun converse in Qixingyan, Zhaoqing)

Dongpo is Su Shi's name and a special noun. Now "East" is a noun of orientation, and "North" is a working pair.

A good sentence is not as good as grass under the lamp;

Old people can see flowers in the fog. ? (Anonymous optical shop)

"Grass" was originally a verb, and here it is borrowed as the grass of flowers and plants, as opposed to "flower".

Out of date, only Chaoyun can know me;

Playing the same old tune alone, I miss you every time it rains. ? (Qing Yan asks Joe to hold her hand and face it)

"Chaoyun" is the name of Ji. Now we use "Chaoyun" as a seasonal word to describe "sunset" and "cloud" as an astronomical word to describe "rain".

The table is divided into north and south;

I can only see things. ? (The author satirizes the Wine Officials Association)

"East-West" is the object, which is now used as a noun of orientation, as opposed to "North-South".

Get rid of flowers and just Buddha day;

Prove that cause and effect are in Xian Xia. ? (Shu Ping takes Xing's wife to Fujian)

"Buddha Festival" is the birthday of Buddha, which is suitable for the deceased to die on that day. Here, the "day" of the year, month and day is regarded as a synonym for the sun, and an astronomical comparison is made with "summer". "Xian Xia" is the spirit of Xian Xia, which means "Xian" to "Buddha" and "fruit" of "cause and effect" to "fruit" of flowers and fruits, as opposed to "flowers".

2. Borrowing sound pairs

These two words can't be relative, but if one of them has homophones and the other is a working pair, it can be matched by sound. Borrowing sound pairs are often used for color pairs, and the United family is not used as a working pair, so it is rarely used.

Ma Jiaozhu was sweating like a pig;

Hu Wu is light-footed. ? (Du Fu's Taizhou Miscellaneous Poems)

In the sentence, "Zhu" is Zhu, and "white" is the color pair.

I'm glad Cangzhou is nearby.

But in that world, what's the use of having a few white hairs? . ? (Liu Changqing's Seven Laws "Jiangzhou Don't Learn Six")

Sentences use "pale" to "pale" and "white" as color pairs.

(2) There is no love.

As the name implies, the antithesis without feelings is a couplet with irrelevant meanings. It only seeks literal duality, with special emphasis on word pairs. In the aspect of connection meaning, we adopt the method of reverse thinking and do the opposite. A loveless couple is not only irrelevant in meaning, but also as far as possible. The meanings of the upper and lower sides are completely irrelevant, but each one is more natural and coherent than its own meaning. The up-and-down structure of an unfeeling pair is just the opposite of a general couplet. It pursues the inconsistency of structure, even as far away as possible, thus forming a strong contrast and forming interest. For example:

Gongmen Taoli Zhengrong Day;

France, Netherlands, Belgium.

The last pen is a language to praise someone's educational achievements, and its structure is very complicated; The following only put three country names (that is, three nouns) together and said nothing. The top and bottom are not related. Another example is:

Tao ranting; This tree is half dead, so rest your axe.

Zhang Zhidong. Really irrelevant.

Although the meanings of these couplets are irrelevant, the antithesis of each word is very neat, especially the subcategory of nouns. In terms of techniques, the writing of loveless pairs mostly adopts the characteristics of polysemy of Chinese characters, escaping, and trying to escape all the words in the sentence. After escaping, the corresponding words must still have opposites. For example:

Clowns;

Dollars.

"Clowns" are actors' business, and "dollars" are money. However, "ugliness" and "beauty" in adjectives are relative, and "jiao" and "yuan" in monetary unit nouns are relative. Another example is:

Looking back is the shore;

Hankou Africa.

"Hui" and "Han" are the meanings of national nouns, "head" and "mouth" are the parts of human body, and "lung" and "stone" are the secondary meanings. At the same time, this heartless couple has another meaning: Hankou (a city) is not a "continent" because turning back is the shore.

The Couplet Association of Yanping District, Nanping City, Fujian Province also held a special issue of "Ruthless Couplet Nursery", which is the first special issue of "Ruthless Couplet" in China. It has been published for more than 20 issues, and its title couplet "seems easy to be true but difficult to be true, and the Tao is ruthless and affectionate" just shows the characteristics of ruthless couplets. The magazine published many newly created excellent loveless couples. For example:

Water control; ? Gross profit; ? A rude person; ? Chu river; ? Mid-Ming Dynasty; ? Zhuge Liang; ? I have no objection to him;

Rectification? Kidney deficiency. ? Ridiculous. ? Qingming. ? Reagan, USA. ? Dongfanghong. ? Who will pay the bill with you?

In fact, antithesis without emotion is more difficult to deal with than conventional couplets, and the difficulty lies in pursuing the cleverness of antithesis and the elegance of sentence meaning In a sense, dealing with ruthless duality is a way to improve duality skills.

(3) Self-alignment

Self-alignment, that is, the antithesis form adopted for the outer edge or inner edge of couplet, can be self-aligned in both long couplet and short couplet. Due to the small number of words in short couplets, only words in sentences can be self-aligned, while long couplets can be self-aligned both inside and outside sentences.

1, self-aligned words

(1) words are automatically aligned.

East and West Korea are short of Chen Ge;

Gorkon, keep your eyes open. ? (Different characters) (The author gave it to Mr. Liu Dongsheng)

"East" and "West" are opposites, and "Sheng" and "Yi" are opposites, otherwise "Dongsheng" cannot be the mosaic name association of a crane.

The storm in Qin is black;

Yuemen is full of loyalty. ? (Different figures) (The author's title is Wumu Palace in Wugang, Hunan)

"Wind" is relative to "wave" as an astronomical term, and "loyalty" is relative to "righteousness" as a personnel term.

Like the warmth of the sun in winter;

Lingling from Maywood. ? (The same word) (The author gave it to Ms. Wang Dongling)

(2) self-alignment of double words

Chushan Toshiko, who is ringing in the water;

There is a strange way to calm people down. ? (The author gives Hunan barrister Zhao Xiangning)

Xiangshui is opposite to Chushan, and Ningren is opposite to Xishi.

(3) automatic multi-word alignment

Three unique poems, calligraphy and painting;

An official is back. ? (Different characters) (Li Qingxiao Village presents Zheng Banqiao)

The word "poetry, calligraphy and painting" is opposite, and the word "return" is opposite.

When the gas is prepared for four seasons, it is in harmony with heaven, earth, sun, moon and ghosts and gods;

Teaching is eternal, follow Tang as a teacher. ? (Different characters) (An emperor titled Dacheng Hall)

"Heaven, earth, sun, moon, ghosts and gods" are opposed to each other, and "Yao Shunyu and Tang" are opposed to each other.

..... Who is this half moon?

..... Look, that cloud is my day. ? (Same word) (Zhong Qing Yun Fang's title is Chongli Tower in Wangjianglou, Chengdu)

Three brothers, addicted to alcohol, smoking and gambling;

The countryside is vast, this year, next year and the year after. ? (Semi-homophonic) (Lu Weiqi mocked the couplets of three rich children)

(4) Multiple self-alignment

Concentric from top to bottom, Tan Shao expands the expressway;

Ruixiang Yu Ying, the mountains and rivers have changed their old appearance. ? (The author's title is the groundbreaking ceremony venue of Tanshao section of Ruishui Expressway)

"Up" is the same for "down", "exploration" is the same for "less" and "expansion" is the same for the bottom.

Do not ask happy ever after;

I hope all my children and grandchildren are wise. ? (traditional couplets)

"Gold" and "Jade" are self-righting, "children" and "grandchildren" are self-righting, "emphasis" is self-righting, and everyone is self-righting.

(5) Each word pair

What can an old official do? A lawsuit is better than no lawsuit.

Small people are easy to change, and there are more good people than bad people. ? (Qing Xu Qinghui named Wucheng County Lobby)

"Litigation" and "non-litigation" are right, and "good people" and "bad people" are right.

(6) Cross-sentence self-correction

This self-aligned form is farther away than separated word pairs, and self-aligned words are scattered in short sentences to form a group.

Bottomless, bottomless, come and have a look;

The upper floor is empty, and so is the lower floor. ? (It is also self-contradictory) (The author's topic is the bottomless pit in the suburbs of Shaoyang)

Yes and No are self-aligned, and Up and Down are self-aligned.

Two people drink tea together and gossip about the world;

Siradon talks nonsense and likes to listen to the north-south accent. ? (Chengdu Baishao Teahouse, anonymous in 1930s)

In the sentence, "Yi", "Kyle", "Sanjiang" and "Sihai" form a group of self-aligned words; "Sla", "Dongla", "Northern Tune" and "Southern Tune" in antithetical sentences also constitute a group of self-aligned words.

(7) Unequal self-alignment

In this self-alignment, the number of self-aligned words is different. Mr. Wang Li said in the "Han Poetry Law" that this form of confrontation, "if it is a five-character system, it is often the upper two characters versus the lower three characters, and if it is a seven-character system, it is often the upper four characters versus the lower three characters. Although the number of words is not equal, the meaning is quite neat. "

Enjoy lotus flowers in summer and chrysanthemums in autumn;

No flattery on the top, no deceit on the bottom. ? (The author introduces Mr. Lian)

Four-sided lotus and three-sided willow;

A city with mountains and half a city with lakes. ? (Jinan Daming Lake Tiegong Temple Alliance)

Different mountains and stones are particularly different;

Cave monster, the heart is more strange. ? (Anonymous title Guanyin Cave in Hexian County, Guangxi)

Two poems and eight paintings;

Outside the building, the river sounds across the sky. ? (Wu Gongheng's self-titled residence)

The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow;

Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach. ? (Jie Jin United)

(8) Wrong self-alignment

Each word of two-word conjunctions (especially those with the same radical) is disguised as a single-word self-pair, which is a relative confrontation with the real single-word self-pair.

There are original species of Kirin in the sky;

How can ants escape from the hole? ? (Ming Shizong's Seven Laws "Send Mao Bowen")

"Insect ant" is a mole and an ant, so it ranks itself with "ant", while Kirin is a hyphen, which only refers to one thing, but both words are beside "deer", which is similar to "insect" and "insect", forming a kind of similarity. Because it is not really self-righteous, it is named false self-righteous.

2. The sentence is self-correcting.

The mountains here can shame women, and the water can beautify their faces, but look at the streets, where peach fairies are everywhere;

Now the cream can change the skin, and the cream can polish the skin. How can a beautiful woman be born in this sacred place in Yuen Long? ? (The author's title is taohuajiang)

Political reform is meritorious, powerless, heroic and sincere, and mourning for thousands of years;

The mountains and rivers are still the same, and the years have passed, but looking at the battlements in the countryside, everything shows the Soviet Union. ? (The author commemorates Tan Sitong's birthday130th anniversary)

A foot of cloth, a roll of books, five nights of cold light, mother tears;

Shu Qingjiang, Shu Shanjun, ten years of water tillering is far from my heart. ? (Left holding Huang Yungu's mother)

The teacher system contributes to the unification of monarchs at the micro level, and the decline of the East makes life sacred. The southern song dynasty declined, and sages came out;

Lin' an regards Xin' an as near, overlooking the emperor's hometown and the bright moon in the sea; Hometown, Huang Haiyun. ? (Qingjiang Fengqing title Zhu Wengong Cilian)

The self-antithesis form of the first two couplets conforms to the general antithesis characteristics, but the last two couplets are different. There are some overlapping words in its sentences, and the requirements for confrontation are obviously relaxed. This form is not antithesis but duality, but it seems to be parallelism. Some people call it parallelism.

There is also a parallel form of self-alignment, which requires a wider duality. This kind of parallelism can be divided into equal length parallelism and unequal length parallelism.

Equal-length parallelism is contradictory:

Twenty is the township, thirty is the head, forty is the hospital, fifty is the health, sixty is the government, and seventy is the field. It should be noted that after this, a generation of rich people will have more leisure days;

As simple as aphorisms, as detailed as essays, as extensive as circumstantial evidence, as skilled as studying, as skilled as conjunctions, as rich as poetry, and as many works as I have written in my life, I am good at famous mountains and thousands of years.

(Wang Qing Lan Shu congratulates Liang Zhangju on his 70th birthday)

In this example, the self-antithetical sentences (markings) on both sides are the same length (each sentence is four words), but there are heavy words between each of the three sentences in each group, and the horizontal arrangement is irregular (six sentences are printed, the foot of the sentence is "flush" and the other three sentences are "flush".

Unequal-length parallelism is self-contradictory;

One life two, two lives three, three gives birth to everything;

Earth and heaven, heaven and Tao, Tao is natural. ? (Chen Qing Lanxuan's Collection of Tao Te Ching, Fu Jian Palace Alliance in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan)

It is difficult to cook, difficult to scoop water, especially difficult to stamp, not as good as slogans;

Small body, small strength, big basket, never rushing to the top. ? (Qing Ming is called the game in the shed)

In each of the above two situations, there is a group (three sentences) of unequal-length parallelism sentences, each of which is in its own way. Except for the different number of words, other features are similar to the self-alignment of equal-length parallelism sentences.

In short, parallelism has the following characteristics:

1, parallelism sentences must conform to the characteristics of parallelism rhetoric, with at least three parallelism phases.

2. The length of each stage can be the same or different, that is, the sentence length is completely free and there are no strict restrictions. It can be divided into two types: equal-length parallel and unequal-length parallel.

3. Informal and even numbers, that is to say, it is allowed to shift in sentences, and it is also allowed to be dislocated between sentences-it can be relative at the same time.

4, can be relative to the same word, most of them have different degrees of apposition. However, this kind of apposition overlap is only used between contradictory sentences on the same side, and it is never allowed to be used between opposite sentences on both sides.

(4) Sticking cards

Sticking, that is to say, two sentences stick together to form couplets. When these two couplets are placed at the end of the sentence, they still follow the law that the previous sentence is flat and the next sentence is flat. Although this antithesis form is wrong, each sentence conforms to the level standard of phonology, so it sounds very harmonious. such as

Two tables and three notes;

A pair of thousand-year-old feet. ? (Wuhou Temple Union)

The ancient city of burial is still proud;

Celebrities in southern Yunnan are all dressed in cloth. ? (Sun Ranweng Tomb League in Mile County, Yunnan Province)

The lake is green in spring;

The mountains are green with rain. ? (Nanhu Company, Mengzi County, Yunnan Province)

Although the words in the second, fourth and sixth positions of the above couplets are the same as the words in the same position, that is, the so-called "out of pair", the single sentence does not violate the law of alternation of level and level. This special tuning phenomenon is really unknown, and many people are at a loss in the face of this phenomenon. Even many people criticize this phenomenon as not meeting the requirements of couplets. Liu Zhenwei, a famous couplets writer, wrote an article in the 50th issue of China Couplets Newspaper criticizing the couplets of Wuhou Temple as illegal and considered them unqualified. Qian's Grand View of Ancient and Modern Couplets in China has a confused evaluation of the couplets in front of the tomb: "The couplet contains Weng's life, which can be handed down from generation to generation, but the sentences are even and harmonious. Why is it not known? " The book also criticized the Nanhu couplets in Mengzi County: "The couplets are beautiful and even, what a pity!" Gong Heng, a great couplets writer in the Republic of China, denounced it as "good law", and his "couplets" included Wang and Chen's couplets:

I'm not as good as Qing, but I'm not as good as Qing, so where can I call you?

One feather is light, Mount Tai is heavy, and the death of the public is the great country. On success or failure, there is no life to cherish heroes.

Wu Gongheng commented: "The tone is majestic, and the pen is also flowing, but the two sentences are dull and disharmonious. Although this is also true in the early Tang poetry, it is the first time to learn good methods. "

Therefore, it is of great significance to explore this kind of couplet theory.

Two sentences stuck together in metrical poems require the same starting form, but the receiving form must be different, so sticking together is not a sentence pattern. For example, the second sentence is flat and flat; The third sentence must be flat; If the fourth sentence is flat, the fifth sentence must be flat; The sixth sentence is flat, and the seventh sentence must be flat. When this rule is applied to couplets, there are two situations: if it is a short single sentence pair or placed at the end of a multi-clause pair, it must conform to the normal state that couplets rest in a flat voice, that is, the top can be flat and the bottom can be flat. For example:

The head of all evil;

All virtues take the lead in filial piety. ? (five-word motto)

Five-product sky blue jacket;

Liuwei Dihuang Pills. ? (Laughing at Chen and watching the three-five couplet)

Wanshan is not separated by the mid-autumn moon;

See you in a thousand years, Huang Heqing. ? (Left title Lanzhou Clarification Pavilion Seven-character couplet):

Don't underestimate his northern swallow branch, look at the color of Jiangnan girls when the ship first came;

All the gold powder in the Six Dynasties was exhausted, only the green hills remained untouched, and peaches and plums competed for Fang Fei in spring. ? (Wang Xiangyu is entitled Mochou Lake Alliance)

In five hundred, Hushan is heroic;

In spring, February and March, warbler flowers are the soul of beauty. ? (Peng Gangzhi's topic is Jinling Mochou wins the chess building)

The Yellow River flows eastward, and the Huangshui River flows southward, and the turbid waves are vertical and horizontal, and the hundred folds eventually lead to the sea;

Don't feel sorry for Hu Jia, don't complain about the strong brother, and recognize that the spirit flag is like a Buddha. I've been listening for thousands of years.

(The left title is "Xi Ning Temple Couplet") The word "yellow" in this couplet should be flat. Because of the fact, those who are called Ping and Ping don't have to be shy. -Guo Shaoyu)

If it is used at the beginning of a long couplet, it depends on the height of the foot (waist eye) of the opening sentence of the long couplet, and it is not necessary to emphasize the flat tail below. For example:

500 years ago, celebrities came forth in large numbers to benefit the people, and the special envoy lived on the Huangge early;

The old man said that in the past 20 years, Xuan Zang has been fahua, but when he was a blackhead. ? (Li Yutian, Li Tanlianlian)

Rich spring breeze, several peers are Ziguangge;

Qiu Hu, a Yuefu woman, has a poem called Baixiang Pavilion. ? (Wang Xiangyu holds Deng Mi's league)

However, this duality is rarely used in long-linked middle clauses. Most of them are put in the last clause, such as:

Nanyue suddenly flew into the sky, and Mrs. Jianhua smiled;

Sun Yuan attaches great importance to his wife, so I feel ashamed that Liu Lang came twice. ? (In the Republic of China, the author wrote a letter to Wei Jinfeng's mother and wife on behalf of Liu. )

I have a close relationship with our school. Whenever it is sunny in the evening, I will talk all night.

It's a meeting of the dead chairman of the Central Committee. Just wander to the upper bound, and the flag will be lowered at half mast for you. ? (In the Republic of China, Liu Changde, a rural Confucian scholar, held Liu Xinshan's couplets.)

On the first floor, the calyx is light, the wind is scattered frequently, and the bitter rain destroys the first flowers;

It paid off before the peach blossom in summer, and now I have a farewell trip, and I will never forget it at 12 every day. ? (In the Republic of China, Liu Changde, a rural Confucian, took Wei Pingnan Union)

In addition to the above three kinds of gluing, there are compound gluing pairs, that is, multiple gluing pairs are used in multi-clause couplets. For example:

There is no thousands of books in the capsule, but Yuting has sixteen words;

I was arrogant and left Nishan alone. ? (Lv Liuliang was named Tang Lian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties)

The upper and lower clauses of this union are sticky pairs.

(5) Rights

That's right. "Shift in a sentence is also called leveling." Line pairs are also called "crossed line pairs" or "complex line pairs". Poets occasionally use this antithesis because they have to, or because they are accommodating to the level, or because the sentences are fluent.

The skirt dragged six pieces of Xiangjiang water;

Wushan is a cloud. ? (Li Qunyu's "Du Prime Minister's Banquet for Beauty")

"A section of Wushan" can be changed to "a section of Wushan". If the upper and lower positions are the same, the antithesis is neat, but the levels are not harmonious.

Fireflies are gone now, leaving the weathered grass;

But at dusk, crows still inhabit the weeping willows. ? (Li Shangyin's Sui Palace)

Use fireflies to crow and fire to dusk.

Mountain road under the autumn wind;

The moon is in spring. ? (Liu Xiyi, "Looking in the Mirror")

Originally, it can also be regarded as antithesis, but as antithesis, the original antithesis has become more neat, and "spring" and "autumn" are intertwined.

(6) Horseshoe rhyme

There is a view in couplet circles called horseshoe rhyme, also known as horseshoe lattice. Some people even call the rhyme law of couplets horseshoe rhyme.

"Horseshoe Rhyme" comes from the discussion about Lu Zhi in the Tang Dynasty in the Yuan Tang Papers of Ming Dynasty: "Parallel prose is ashamed of indecency, because it can't play its essence, it is afraid to hurt its spirit with weeds. There is nothing wrong with Duke Lu. No problem. No problem. No problem. No problem. No problem. The essence of justice is enough to be compared with Long Rollo. The momentum is also comparable to North Korea and the Soviet Union. "

What is horseshoe rhyme? Lin Changyi, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said: "Anyone who uses a flat tone to make a heavy sentence must use a flat tone as the top sentence, and those who use a weak tone to make a heavy sentence also use a weak tone as the top sentence. By analogy, the syllables are all tuned. " Simply put, the feet should be flat and the top should be flat. The rule of this couplet is called horseshoe rhyme.

After Lin put forward the horseshoe rhyme, the couplets thought that horseshoe rhyme was a fixed framework to standardize the whole couplet. Professor Yu Dequan further studied and summarized this theory, and wrote a book "Lianyun Lianpu". However, some couplets believe that horseshoe rhyme cannot be used as a unified standard for couplets. The long lines are even and flat, and the waist and eyes are staggered, as long as the rhythm is harmonious.

It is called horseshoe rhyme because its regularity is just like that of a horse walking, and its hind feet always follow the footprints in front. Every footprint was trampled twice. If one foot is flat, the other foot is flat, and the left and right turn, then the flat is flat, and then it is flat. Before a horse walks, its front and rear feet have their standing points, so the feet of the first sentence and the last sentence are generally flat or single.

For example, the author's "Dadongshan Yaowangdian" is written according to the law of horseshoe rhyme:

On the left side of Qinglong, on the right side of White Tiger, there is water in front, jade screen in the back, and purple gas in all directions in the evening morning, which is a medical saint;

Spring is full of fragrant grass, summer is full of branches, autumn is stained with frost forest, winter snow is rolling, stars change and stars move, and the scenery of the four seasons enters Sanskrit.

For example, the author's "The General Meeting of the Title", 2 16 words, is also arranged according to the law of horseshoe rhyme:

Puyang root, after waving his ancestors, was given the surname by the bow string and gained prestige in Chixian County. Looking back at the scroll, the purple light candle sword, the reputation of peace, resistance to gold and Yue Han. There are Sun Ce's advisers, Wudang, Nagano Wei, Lei, He Lai, Shijie Kang Yuan, Huang Jin, Luozhou Juethief, and Cang Shui Loyalty. How strong! Teachers rely on the danger of Bashu, Yu Ting relies on military aircraft, and Han Qing shows patriotism. Rolling the Yellow River, one hundred generations of heroes set an example.

Jian, Wan, Guang Ya Cun Jing. Ninety percent of them were on the list, and they dreamed of three movies. Xu Ruo's boudoir dreamed of the river, and she was eloquent. There are also Wonderful Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Earth-shattering Prophet, High Waves and Long Wufei, Gegu in Juzheng Ding Xin, Ying Ji, Wensheng, Gan Du Mu Ci, Shengtong and so on. Yi Sheng! Mingxi is the representative of Neo-Confucianism, and the painting circle has made great contributions to breaking this barrier. Nanxuan has the hope of helping the public, and Binbin has the global origin of Kun people.

(7) Zhu's rule

Zhu Zhizhi can be found in Volume 7 of Wu Gongheng's Couplet in the Republic of China: "When you are in mourning, please ask Mr. Zhu Xun to study the couplet law. How many questions? " Said:' Not sure. Changli said that competing with each other means showing off the color of the border. "He also asked,' Is it as smooth as writing a poem when you are tired?' Said:' No, a couplet is as long as ten sentences, the first nine sentences of a painting are all flat, and the last sentence is also flat, contrary to the painting. "Today, Wang Zhu is discussed, and he pursues it. The world is big, the author is proud, and he dare not take mr. yi's words and boast about the difference with Liao, but the big end is just like this. " Uncle Zhu Ran, whose name is Kemin, was born in Cili, Hunan in modern times. His quotation from Korea can be found in Han Yu's Answer to Li Yishu: "Those who are angry are also water; Words, floating things also. If the water is big, things will float, so will the size. As angry as he says. If you are full of enthusiasm, the length and sound of your words are appropriate. " "Refers to the king holding Gong Lian hundred father-son couplets:

One can die, the other can report and share the history of party member;

There is a father and a son, and at the same time, the sender is dressed in white.

Wu Gongheng commented: "The word' simultaneous deliverer' has made a leap forward, as if the night is empty. It's unpredictable, but it also has defects. If a picture can be published, it can be reported. Although Zuo Zhuan is used, both of them are silent, which is untrue. Gao Lan is a great writer. The so-called gods here are all outside the rules. If you want to give them a solid geometry, you must give them a solid geometry. " According to this record and the analysis of some couplets handed down from ancient times, Zhu's rule means that all the other sentences of the couplet are flat except the last one, and all the other sentences are opposite. Wu Gongheng also quoted his first couplet Song Wanzhi:

It is full of revolutionary wonders, and ordinary people are desperate for territorial wonders, which is unique. So it is famous for reporting the opening of the Republic of China.

A woman who drank wine died. She caught a cold for three days and died because she didn't sweat. She waited for death, which was more impressive than the death of an early assassin.

This is a typical "Zhu Zhizhi" couplet. Except for the last sentence, all the other clauses end in a flat voice, but the bottom is just the opposite.

Another example is six sentences on each side:

About Lai Qi's poems, live forever, live forever. Thanks to the kindness of a half-son, birds are singing and entertaining western mothers.

It is rare that the spring porch is full of flowers, and one is happy and one is afraid. Eight in-laws get together with Yangquan wine, and the second time it is called Beitang.

(Zhong is the birthday couplet of Yue Moushou's mother-in-law. She has many children and eight sons-in-law. Her father's birthday comes before, and her mother lives behind. She has two birthday parties and every celebration. )

Since the Qing Dynasty, there have been two arrangements of couplets' feet, except out of order. One is horseshoe rhyme, the other is "Zhu Zhizhi". Most couplet writers use these two foot arrangements. The foot of the sentence of "Zhu Zhizhi" only rises or falls, without alternation, so it lacks the rhythm of cadence; The longer the plate, the duller it is; However, the smooth rhyme of horseshoe alternates in a couplet, which has no such disadvantages, so it has been written in dozens or even more than a hundred sentences on each side, with ups and downs, sonorous timbre and harmonious rhythm.

If couplets are regarded as a kind of rhythmic literature, then we should admit that horseshoe rhyme is the main theme and theme of couplets.