Philosophy in ancient poetry

First, everything should proceed from reality.

Xilinbi (Su Shi)

The original text of the poem is regarded as a mountain peak on one side of the ridge, and the distance is different. I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.

Philosophers observe things from different positions and get different conclusions. Only when people get rid of subjective and objective limitations, stay out of Lushan Mountain and have foresight can they really see the true face of Lushan Mountain. To understand the essence of things, we must observe them from all angles, both objectively and comprehensively.

Observe the topic and pray for rain (Tang)

In the original poem, mulberry leaves are leafless, the soil is smoked, and Xiaolong Water Temple in Xiaoguan is located. Zhumen indulged in singing and dancing in several places, for fear that the sound of spring would swallow the strings.

Weixian county huazhubu (Xie)

Yazhai listened to Xiao, and the original poem was suspected to be the voice of the people's sufferings. Some small collectors in Caozhou County always care about their feelings.

Philosophical materialism holds that consciousness is the reflection of objective things in the human brain. But when people think about the same objective thing, they often form different understandings and conclusions. From the subjective factors of people, it is mainly caused by people's different positions, different world views and different knowledge composition. The scene of praying for rain described in the poem clearly tells us that in class society, because people belong to different classes and have different class positions, their views (thinking) on many issues are also very different. If we want to understand things correctly, we must first look at the problem from the standpoint of the fundamental interests of the people.

Second, look at the problem with the method of connection and development.

Qin Poetry (Song Su Shi)

If the original poem says there is a piano sound, why not put it in the box? If the piano sounds from your hands, why can't you hear the sound?

Music with wonderful philosophy is an organic whole, and this whole is composed of several parts and elements that influence and restrict each other. In music and piano sound, fingers, piano, players' thoughts and feelings, playing skills and other parts and elements are interdependent and indispensable. They influence and restrict each other and are closely related. According to materialist dialectics, the fundamental content of universal connection is the connection between the contradictory parties within things and between things. Therefore, what this song reveals is the contradictory relationship between piano, fingers and piano sound. If the players are included, then the relationship between the players' thoughts, feelings and skills and the piano and fingers can be regarded as the relationship between internal contradictions (internal causes) and external contradictions (external causes). The former is the foundation of music production, and the latter is the condition of music production, both of which are indispensable.

The title of the play is six quatrains (1) (Du Fu in Tang Dynasty)

Yu Xin's original poem is older and more mature, while Ling's brushwork is more vertical and horizontal. People today laugh at him and accuse his works. If Yu Xin were still alive, I'm afraid he would really regard you as an afterlife.

Philosophy (1) From the point of view of universal connection, everything is a process of continuous development. Without the analysis of historical connection, we can not only correctly understand yesterday's history, but also correctly understand today's right and wrong. Cutting off history, denying contact, blindly laughing at tradition and denying predecessors will inevitably lead to national nihilism.

(2) Looking at problems from a developmental perspective, we should regard things as a process of change and development. To study anyone, we can't cut off history, and we can't deny yesterday's naivety with today's maturity. We should take a historical attitude towards our predecessors, and we should not look at and measure the past with the flood of irrigation and standards today, let alone ask the ancients.

(3) From the viewpoint of combining two-point theory with key theory, on the one hand, we should correctly analyze and distinguish the achievements and defects of predecessors, right and wrong and merits and demerits, essence and dross. On the other hand, it is necessary to further distinguish between the main aspects of contradictions and the secondary aspects of contradictions.

Eight arrays (Tang Du Fu)

The divided three countries are bound by his greatness, and the eight fortresses are built on his fame. The stone doesn't turn, which means that he has never conquered Wu.

Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that everything has a whole and a part (whole and part), which are both different and related. First of all, the whole and the part are interdependent and inseparable. Secondly, they influence and restrict each other. Under certain conditions, the key part can even play a decisive role in the overall situation and the whole. Zhuge Liang's painstaking efforts and clever arrangement of the Eight Arrays for many years are all aimed at an overall strategic goal-"swallowing Wu", while Liu Bei's revenge is a partial and small goal. Only by focusing on the whole and coordinating the overall situation can we choose the best scheme to achieve the greatest goal. On impulse, Liu Bei only focused on the local area and launched an attack rashly. As a result, it not only failed partially, but also fundamentally destroyed the strategic overall situation painstakingly planned by Zhuge Liang, making the plan of "swallowing Wu" a bubble. This poem shows the posterity with vivid historical facts how important it is to establish the overall concept and obey the overall situation partially.

Reflections on Reading (Song Zhuxi)

As soon as the original half-acre square pond was opened, the sky and clouds hung around. Is it as clear as water? Because there is a steady stream of living water here.

Philosophy takes the pond as a metaphor, indicating that the method of learning is to accumulate and absorb new nutrients. Everything is moving, changing and developing, and everything can maintain its existence only in movement. It is this uninterrupted movement, change and development that makes things exist in constant self-renewal. Once this movement stops, things cannot exist. Without the constant renewal and accumulation of knowledge, one's knowledge will become a stagnant pool, lifeless and progressive. Learning is like this, and so is doing other things.

The title is "Antique" (Qian Zai in Ming Dynasty)

The Yangtze River flows eastward, and people keep coming. There are no western hills during the day, and the morning light is still brilliant. Spring blossoms. The grass in autumn is yellow and blue. Nature has no downtime, is cycle the ultimate? Life is a world apart, and young people need to work hard!

Everything in the philosophical world is constantly moving and changing. Naturally, so is life. Therefore, you must work hard and make progress when you are young.

On Poetry (Zhao Yi in Qing Dynasty)

Du Li's original poems have been passed down through the ages, but they are not new so far. There are many talented people all over the country, and their poems and prestige will be spread for hundreds of years.

Philosophy shows that things are constantly developing, and every era should be innovative and progressive, and we should not follow the ancients without seeking progress.

Topic grass (Tang Bai Juyi)

The endless grass on the plain comes and goes with each season. Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it. Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey. I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.

Philosophy shows that everything in the world moves, changes and develops, and this kind of movement, change and development has its basic order and regularity. Law is objective, and its existence and function are independent of human will. Materialist dialectics holds that the general trend of the development of things is forward, and new things will surely overcome old things. This poem is often used as a metaphor for the strength and vitality of new things. Although cold and wildfire, the power of old things can be described as tyranny, but it can not change the objective law. Under the spring breeze, new things flourish and are full of vitality.

Third, adhere to the contradiction analysis method.

The topic is xing (puffer fish)

In the original poem, gold does not have enough color, while white jade has slight defects. Ask for help, but don't be prepared. I want to go to your house.

Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that everything in the world contains two aspects, which are both opposite and unified. Therefore, in order to truly reflect the true nature of things, we must adhere to the dichotomy and two-point theory and look at the problem comprehensively. We should divide people, things and ourselves into two parts. If we blame perfection, we will make a unilateral and absolute mistake.

Xue Mei (Meipo, Song Lu)

Original poem: Xue Mei is unwilling to surrender for spring, and the poet's pavilion pays the pen fee. Mei Xu Xun and Xu Xue are all white, but the snow has lost a piece of Mei Xiang.

Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that things in the world are so different because they have their own special contradictions, and this special contradiction of truth stipulates the special essence of one thing that distinguishes it from other things. This poem profoundly explains that everything has its own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. If we leave the concrete analysis of the particularity of contradictions, people will not be able to distinguish right from wrong, let alone correctly understand things.

Topic Hui Chong Chunjiang Xiaojing (Song Sushi)

There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, and there are duck prophets in the spring water heating. The withered reed buds are very short, just as the river is about to rise.

Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that generality (universality of contradiction) always exists in individuals (particularity of individuality and contradiction) and is expressed through individuals. The arrival of spring is manifested through these special and unique things. Without these wonderful photos, spring is impossible.

Fourth, correctly understand the cause, state and trend of things.

Lingxiao hangs on the holly tree, and the flowers will not wither at the age of five. Everything has its roots, and bean sprouts will not be born in the end.

The internal cause of philosophy is the basis of the development of things.

Thinking about the topic (Ming Yang Ji)

The original poem is thousands of miles away, and it is also in the imperial power. You can go to Zaofu, but you need every horse.

Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that the development of things, internal and external factors coexist and are indispensable. Internal cause is the foundation of the development of things, while external cause is the condition of the development of things, and external cause works through internal cause. Although this poem highlights the important role of external factors in talent development, it does not deny internal factors. On the one hand, it warns those who are in the external position of others to be good at discovering, cultivating and using talents and actively create conditions for the growth of talents. On the other hand, we also warn those who succeed in all aspects not to forget and deny the external factors of their own success, and take all the successes and achievements as their own.

Chibi (Tang Dumu)

The original text of the poem has been smashed to pieces and washed and recognized by the previous dynasty. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid that Cao Cao will win and Er Qiao will be locked up in Tongquetai.

The internal cause of philosophy is the basis of the development of things, and the external cause is the condition of the development of things. External factors play a very important role in the development of things under certain conditions. Even a hero can't succeed without certain conditions.

Topic Ant (Tang)

Although the original poem is skillful, it is also a disaster of the years. Work leaks through rivers and oceans, eroding trapped whales. Dare to fear the beam and hide the column. All men who keep their word are not bright.

Through the great harm caused by small ants, this philosophical poem shows that the accumulation of quantity can cause qualitative changes, and the levee of a thousand miles is destroyed in the ant nest, warning people not to despise small changes or even lead to catastrophe.

Reading Biography of Chen Fan (Song Yang Wanli)

In the original poem, talking is also strong, and embarrassment is only sadness. One room for white education, why does the world sweep?

Philosophy starts from the method of contradiction analysis, and Chen Fancai knows how to analyze specific problems. The contradictions of things are different, and the methods to solve them cannot be the same. Contradictions of different natures can only be solved by different qualitative methods. Trying to solve different contradictions with one model is doomed to failure. Fan Chen thought more than strategy, and even failed.

Judging from the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change, Fan Chen didn't understand that the development of anything must start with quantitative change. The lofty ideals and lofty goals can only be realized by combining them with the spirit of down-to-earth and hard struggle. If Fan Chen doesn't sweep a house, how can he talk about his ambition of "sweeping the world"?

Chapter VII Law. China People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing (Mao Zedong).

In the original poem, there was a yellow storm in the mountains, and millions of heroes crossed the river. Tiger's dragon plate is better than before, turned upside down and generous.

It is advisable to chase after the poor bandits with Yu Yong, not to learn from the overlord. If the sky is sentimental, it will be old, and the right way in the world is vicissitudes.

This philosophical poem quotes the historical tragedy that Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, could have destroyed Liu Bang with superior forces, but he was afraid that he would lose many opportunities in the name of "injustice" and was finally attacked by Liu Bang, warning lively people that "it is better to chase poor robbers with the remaining courage". From a philosophical point of view, when the accumulation of equivalence has reached a certain level, we should seize the opportunity to promote leap and development and qualitative change. If you hesitate, you will miss the opportunity. "If there is love in the sky, if there is old in the sky, the right path in the world is vicissitudes", and from the height of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, it shows that "the world is always replaced by the old, accompanied by metabolism in an all-round way, and the old is removed and the new is preserved." Vicissitudes mean that the sea has become a mulberry field, which is a metaphor of revolutionary development and change. "The right way on earth" refers to the law of social development. "Old" means getting old because of anger and pain. These two sentences mean that if heaven is sentimental, it will be angry and aging when it sees the darkness and cruelty of the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang; The alternation of the old and the new in human society is an objective law (the right way in the world).

Title Komatsu (Don Du Xunhe)

The original text of this poem has been deeply rooted in the grass since childhood, but now it is gradually emerging. Those who don't know the tree that can fly in the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is very high.

This philosophical poem is rambling and profound in meaning. Komatsu has just been unearthed. It is so small and buried in deep grass, but it does not show weakness and grows gradually, which is incomparable to those grasses. People often ignore and don't know the great development prospect that Komatsu will grow into a lingyun tree. When the pine tree really reaches the sky, it will praise its height. When the big pine "Lingyun" becomes a reality, it doesn't mean that you have the vision to praise their height. But when Komatsu is as small as grass, it is knowledgeable and meaningful to know and foresee its future and trend and create conditions for its growth through training and nursing. What is lacking in many days is the word "knowledge". The author uses loose metaphors to warn people to be good at discovering and identifying talents, and to pay attention to, care for and train promising talents as soon as possible, so that they can become talents as soon as possible.

From a philosophical point of view, Komatsu's growth can also be compared to the process of new things growing. The growth of all new things has to go through a process from small to large, from weak to strong, from imperfect to relatively perfect. When it first appeared, it was always weak, so it was impossible to fully possess and fully display its advantages, and it was often even plain and naive. However, because it conforms to the objective law and replaces the development direction of things, it has strong vitality and broad development prospects. "The future is bright and the road is tortuous" is the road to the development of all new things. Under the guidance of materialist dialectics, we should discover it in time, foresee its great development prospect, actively support it and promote its rapid growth and expansion.

Is it worthwhile to visit the park?

The original poem should be that the fangs are blue, but Chai Fei refused to leave for a long time. But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall.

Philosophy Any new thing with strong vitality can't be limited under any circumstances.