Chinese reading routine for high school entrance examination

Modern text reading method

Modern text reading has always been a problem that troubles students, and it is also a bottleneck that restricts students from getting high scores. It is also a problem that many teachers deeply feel Big tough questions. Most people believe that this is a matter of knowledge accumulation and cultural accumulation. I do not deny this statement, but through research on hundreds of modern Chinese reading questions across the country in recent years, we have discovered an interesting phenomenon, that is, modern Chinese reading only tests four aspects: namely, level reading, semantic reading, structural reading, and technique reading.

So, I proposed the concept of "modern text-based reading method".

What is the "question stem reading method"? The so-called "question stem reading method" is a method of studying the test questions (question stems) of the article to find or determine the ideas for answering the questions. It is called "question stem reading method". That is to say, before reading the article, first read and study the test questions to determine the ideas for answering the questions, and then according to the object of the test questions, find the area to answer the questions, and then read and answer the questions in a targeted manner.

Now, taking the 2006 National College Entrance Examination Paper "Mian Mian Tu" as an example, we will introduce the "level reading method" of "Modern Text Reading Method".

1. Hierarchical reading method

(1) Methods and steps of hierarchical reading

Hierarchical reading is divided into the level of the narrative object or the level of argumentation and emotion.

The first step: Find the correct angle to answer the question according to the question

The second step: Find the correct object to answer the question according to the question

The third step: According to The object finds the area to answer the question

(2) Language signs of hierarchical reading

"Which", "How", "Reason", "Why", "Itemized explanation", " "Specific instructions" etc.

(3) Analysis of Example Questions

Example Question 1 Read the following text and complete questions 1-3.

Mianmiantu Niuhan

1 It was a gray dusk without any sunset or glow. The sky and the earth are so pure that there is no other color.

2 When I set foot on the Taklimakan Desert, I returned to a dream that had been lost for many years. Over the decades, I have never forgotten that I was born in the sand. People may not believe it, but it is absolutely true. My first poem was dedicated to a desert I had never seen.

3 When I was young, for several years I dreamed of distant and sweet desert dreams in the deep ravines of Longshan Mountain. Don’t think that the desert is vast and dry. Young dreams are all sweet. Because there are endless stories about my family’s history and the people who walked west of my hometown, my heart has longed for the desert as if it was a blood relationship since I was a child. I think the desert is the most tragic and untamable wild place in the world. It is so empty that there are no edges, and I yearn for this strange realm.

4 At this moment, I really stepped into the desert, the endless desert, as if the sky was also sand, and my whole body was filled with the ecstasy of almost being reunited. Without imitating anyone, I couldn't help but prostrated myself on the ground, lying on the hot desert. My sweaty forehead and palms were covered with a fine layer of shining sand.

5 Half a century ago, in my hometown, which was located in the bitter cold on the upper reaches of the Hutuo River, all children were born on a kang covered with thick, rolling soil. In our country, very fine and soft sand is called Mianmian soil. "Mianmian" is the word that I feel the most tender in my life. I can't find it in the dictionary, and even if I find it, it doesn't mean what I mean. How the custom that children must be born on the endless soil came into being, generations of ancestors have never explained, or even thought about. It is a holy area that no one dares to desecrate. It is a living myth that cannot be explained. My ancestors may have been thinking: If people are not born in the soil and sand, where else can they be born? It is as unquestionable as millet growing from the ground.

6 Therefore, the moment I landed from my mother's body to the human world, the first thing I came into contact with was sand. The sand was baked warmly on the hot kang. My wet little body was covered with golden sand and shone like a ripe ear of grain.

Aunt Xianyuan who delivered me used her big and dexterous hands to caress me cleanly with the soil. She even brought it up to her nose and sniffed me again and again. "Only soil can wash away the blood," she often said.

7 The old people there all say that the human world is cold, and of course a baby will cry when it is born, but once it touches the warm earth that is similar to the mother's body, life seems to have returned to the mother's body. It was as if Li An had fallen asleep. I believe that there is no mystery in the words of the old people that these poems are equally beautiful.

8 When I was five or six years old, I spent all day hanging out in the dirt and sand. One day, my grandmother called me to her side and whispered: "You have only two days to sweep a can of cotton soil back!" "What's it for?" I really don't understand.

9 "You shouldn't ask about this." Grandma's eyes and voice were extremely solemn, just like the pious look when welcoming the gods on New Year's Eve. "Don't sweep the dirty ones," she warned. I must sweep away the lingering soil gathered on the window lattice, "That is the pure land that came down from the sky, and we don't want anything from other places."

10 Of course I know, even sparrows know how to use the lingering soil on the window lattice. Cleaning their feathers.

11 Two or three days later my mother gave birth to my fourth brother. I saw his naked body, which was rosy and was scrubbed so red by the endless soil. His baby name is "Red Han".

12 Mianmian soil is the pure land descended from heaven. It floated and flew from a far distance to my hometown. Now I finally found the birthplace of Mianmiantu.

13 I lay down on the thick and soft sand of the Taklimakan Desert for a long time, with mixed feelings. I leisurely dreamed of my hometown and the soft soil on which I was born, which was as warm as my mother’s body. .

14 I believe there is still Mianmian soil in my hometown, but most children will not be born in Mianmian soil anymore. I wish them well. What I wrote was half a century ago. It is an ancient dream. But as a person with earthy nature, I can never forget my attachment to the endless soil of my hometown. Forgive me for being such a foolish wanderer!

October 1988

1. What are the characteristics of the "continuous soil" described in this article?

Detailed analysis:

The first step: find the correct angle of answering the question according to the question stem-the marking language "which"-determine the "level" reading of this question

Step 2: Find the correct answer object based on the question - "Mian Mian Tu"

Step 3: Find the area to answer the question based on the object - the passage related to "Mian Mian Tu" - —Paragraph 5-11

Answer analysis: Paragraph 5-12 ***Fourth level: (1) Paragraph 5, "very fine and soft sand". (2) Paragraph 6, "golden" and "shining brightly". (3) Paragraph 7, “Warmth similar to the mother’s body.” (4) Paragraphs 8-12 “Pure Land Descending from Heaven”.

Answer: Soft, warm, golden (shining), it is the Pure Land (Pure Land or Holy Land) descended from the sky.

2． Looking at the full text, why did the author feel "whole body was filled with the ecstasy of almost being reunited" as soon as he set foot in the desert?

Detailed analysis:

Step 1: Find the correct angle to answer the question based on the question stem - the marked language "why" - determine the level of reading for this question

Step 2: Find the correct object to answer the question based on the question - the author's "ecstasy of reunion" about the "Great Desert"

Step 3: Find the area to answer the question based on the object--within the full text Paragraphs describing "the author's emotions with the desert" - paragraphs 2, 3, and 4

Answer analysis: (1) The author of the second paragraph was born in the sand. (2) The author of the third paragraph had a "desert dream" when he was young. He was related to the desert and yearned for the desert. (3) In the fourth paragraph, the author set foot in the desert, and now his dream has come true.

Answer: (1) The author was born on sand, and he believes that the desert is the birthplace of continuous soil.

(2) The author had a "desert dream" when he was young, and the desert reproduced his "dream" that he had lost for many years.

3. What kind of thoughts and emotions are conveyed by the author's memories of the endless soil and his description of the Taklimakan Desert? Please give a brief analysis.

Detailed analysis:

Step 1: Find the correct angle to answer the question based on the question stem - "what kind of" the marked language is - determine the level of reading for this question

Step 2: Find the correct object to answer the question based on the question - the author's emotion for the "continuous soil" and "big desert"

Step 3: Find the area to answer the question based on the object- The passages in the full text that express emotions about "continuous soil" and "great desert" - paragraphs 13 and 14

Answer analysis: (1) Paragraph 13, "I dreamed of my hometown, and dreamed of being with As warm as the mother's body, I was born on the soft earth."

(2) Paragraph 14 has three meanings, "Children will probably not be born in the endless soil again. I wish them the best"; "It happened half a century ago, it was an ancient dream." "; "I can't forget my attachment to my hometown. Forgive me for being such a foolish wanderer."

Based on the content of the two paragraphs, the answer is: (1) The memory of the endless soil reflects the author’s nostalgia for his hometown and its ancient customs. (2) The description of the Taklimakan Desert expresses the author's love for his hometown. (3) It tells about the inseparable spiritual and emotional connection between life and mother body, person and hometown, and expresses the wanderer’s deep attachment to his hometown.

2. Semantic Reading Method

(1) Semantic Reading Methods and Steps

There are two main methods of answering semantic reading, one is to read in the text One way to find the answer is to analyze it yourself. When the question stem has language signs such as "according to the textual meaning", "combined with the textual meaning", "what does it refer to in the text", etc., it is converted to hierarchical reading, that is, looking for answers in the text. The specific method of solving the problem and the level of Read the same. When the question stem has language signs such as "understanding", "view", "meaning" and "meaning", you need to analyze it yourself and get the answer based on the content of this paragraph. This analysis includes two aspects: first, the interpretation of the literal meaning. Second, the understanding of the meaning behind the words, that is, the understanding of the author’s creative intention, purpose or thoughts and emotions.

(2) Language signs of semantic reading

“Meaning”, “meaning”, “understanding”, “view”, “what is”, etc.

(3) Analysis of Example Questions

Example Question 1 Read the following text and answer the questions.

Swan Song

Jian Zhen

1 I go to the Old Summer Palace every year. Although there is always a lotus pond in the Old Summer Palace, in March and April, the lotus leaves are filled with water. Clear green; in May and June, the petals first unfold, with a little bit of new red. But when I go to the Old Summer Palace to see lotus flowers, I don’t go to see its green leaves in March and April, nor do I go to see its red flowers in May and June. I don’t know why, but I always feel that the lotus in the Old Summer Palace is different from the lotus elsewhere. It speaks different words and dreams differently.

2 Therefore, I would like to go to the Old Summer Palace in early winter every year, not for anything else but to see the lotus flowers in the lotus pond there.

3 It is true that the beauty of the green leaves of the lotus is incomparable. Its shallow and deep green leaves are condensed with little bits of water, and under the sunlight, they look like transparent emeralds rolling on it. of several pearls.

4Is this the most beautiful time for a pond of lotus flowers? The famous line "The lotus leaves in the sky are infinitely green" has been chanted countless times. Indeed, I thought at first that this was the most beautiful time for lotus flowers, but now I think less and less of it.

5 It is true that the beauty of the red lotus flowers is well-known. It is pink, light, elegant, and elegant, as if it is always fifteen or sixteen years old, no matter in the bright Under the sun or in the gentle breeze and drizzle, those mysterious and unpredictable shadows on the shore and hidden under the water will make people fascinated.

6Is this the most beautiful time for a pond of lotus flowers? People always talk about the poem "Lotus flowers are so red in the sun". Of course, I used to think that when the pond is full of red lotus flowers, it is the most beautiful time. However, I think less and less now.

7 Since green leaves are not the most beautiful, nor are red flowers, then when are lotus flowers the most beautiful?

8 It was October more than 10 years ago. I went to the Old Summer Palace alone, wanting to look for the remaining autumn there. However, when I wandered around, I could not find a single green leaf or a single flower. On the stone bank of the red-flowered lotus pond, I was inadvertently attracted by another scenery that suddenly appeared in front of me: among the water shadows reflecting the wonderful black and white patterns composed of the broken stone columns of the Yuanmingyuan, Intertwined with it is a pool of residual lotus. Some of its withered stems are still standing high, and some have been broken in the water; some of its leaves have long been torn by the autumn wind, and some are rolled into black balls, but they are still hanging high in the air; it has formed Fruits, those lotus pods that were once emerald green or golden, some have turned black, but are still held high in the air, some are broken by wind and rain, lying in piles in the water, but still guarding their roots. Seeing this scene, seeing the reflection of the broken walls and columns of the Yuanmingyuan, those magical and mysterious beautiful patterns of large and small squares, triangles, circles, and diamonds composed of residual lotuses, I Suddenly I felt that I had entered a magical world of lotus flowers.

9 "Leave the remaining lotus leaves to listen to the sound of rain"? No, that’s not how I felt at the time. I felt that the lotus flowers in the pond were not withered or dead. The broken stems and branches that filled the pond were completely the highest sublimation of the green and bright red ponds. From their various mysterious patterns composed of broken branches and stems and lotus pods falling in the pond, you can discover a kind of beauty, and you can discover the nobility hidden in the decay that is not discovered by others. The poignancy.

10 It no longer purifies people with green leaves, nor intoxicates people with red flowers. What it now gives people is the same as the broken wall left by the Old Summer Palace, a kind of beauty that seems to have been destroyed but is The symbol that can never be destroyed is an unyielding silence. Therefore, I think that this pond full of residual lotus is the most beautiful thing about the lotus pond in Yuanmingyuan, because it is far better than color and far better than fragrance, the swan song of a pond with a sad history.

11 What’s more, after the midwinter, the lotus seeds scattered all over the pond will sprout new leaves again, covering this ancient lotus pond with their greenery! Don't leave the lingering lotus to listen to the sound of rain, but listen to the lingering lotus amidst the sound of wind and rain!

12The world is like this, and life is like this. As long as you have beauty in spirit, no one can destroy your beauty. Sometimes, the more destroyed, the more beautiful it becomes.

(Selected from "People's Daily", with changes)

The title of the article is "Swan Song". Please understand the meaning of "Swan Song" according to the context of the text.

Detailed analysis:

Step 1: Find the correct angle to answer the question based on the question stem - from the language mark, there is the word "meaning", which is initially determined to be semantic reading. However, judging from the language sign of "according to the textual meaning" in the question stem, it is determined that this question is a semantic-level reading

Step 2: Find the correct answer object based on the question stem-"Swan Song"

Step 3: Find the area to answer the question based on the object - the paragraphs related to "Swan Song" in the full text - paragraphs 9 and 10

Answer analysis: Paragraph 9 (1 ) "I feel that the lotus flowers in this pond are not withered or dead. The broken stems and branches that are full of water in the pond are completely the highest sublimation of the green and bright red ponds." (2) "From among the various mysterious patterns composed of broken branches and stems and lotus pods falling in the pond, you can find a kind of beauty, and you can find the kind of beauty hidden in the decay that is not discovered by others. The noble poignancy in it.” Paragraph 10 (3) "What it gives people now is the same as the broken wall left by the Old Summer Palace, a symbol that seems to have been destroyed but can never be destroyed, and an unyielding silence." (4) "This pond full of remnants of lotus is the most beautiful thing about the lotus pond in the Old Summer Palace, because it is far better than color and far better than fragrance. It is the swan song of a pond with a tragic history."

Answer: The pond full of remnants of lotus is the highest sublimation of a pond of green and bright red, and a noble and poignant pond that has experienced miserable winds and rains; the ruins of the Old Summer Palace are witnesses of the destroyed history, which has become an indescribable A symbol of destruction; the remnants of reality and the incompleteness of history reflect each other, forming a incomplete and unique beauty.

3. Structural Reading Method

(1) Methods and steps of structural reading

Structural reading mainly depends on the position of the selected object in the text, and the positions are different. The functions they play are also different. Generally speaking, it is divided into three situations:

1. The beginning of the article (including the title) has three main functions: (1) Leading to the following... (requiring specific answers); (2) Arouse interest in reading; (3) Pave the way for the following...

2. There are two main functions in the middle of the article: (1) Transitional function (connecting from previous to next, giving specific answers); ( 2) Sometimes it can also be used as a clue.

3. The end of the article has three main functions: (1) Summarize the full text and deepen the theme; (2) Echo the beginning (title) and echo from beginning to end; (3) Point out the theme and reveal the center (Specific answers are required)

(2) Language signs of structural reading

“Function”, “Why”, etc.

(3) Analysis of examples

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Example 1 Read the following work and complete questions 18-21.

Fragrant Mountain in Winter

① If it weren’t for official business, who would come to Xiangshan in this cold season? But then again, if I hadn't come at this moment, how would I have known that side of Xiangshan's character?

② During the three-day meeting, we stayed in a villa in the park. It is also satisfying to have such a large park exclusively for us. As soon as I get up in the morning, I go for a walk in the mountains. I have been here in spring, and it is a world of flowers; in summer, it is a world of heavy shade; and in autumn, it is a world of red leaves. The mountain is full of tourists in these three seasons. After all, it is a human world. All kinds of clothes and voices with southern and northern accents filled the mountain roads and forests. It's so good now, no flowers, no leaves, no red, no green, not many people, what an empty fragrant mountain, what a pure world.

③In the past, there were lilacs along the roadside, with thick green round leaves and small white or purple flowers; now there are only strong gray-brown branches left, some of which have been flicked away. Empty shells of seeds. In the past, there were layers of shrubs on the hillside, with their frost-red leaves fluttering, like balls of fire, billowing in the autumn wind; now looking at the gray patch of land from afar, its shape has almost melted with the stone and soil. Together, it is difficult to find its sound and appearance. In the past, there were thick green grass under the trees in the forest, velvet spreading from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain; now they either wither among the cracks in the rocks, or are swept by the wind and gathered under the roots of the trees. If autumn is when water falls and rocks emerge, winter is when vegetation disappears and mountains and rocks appear. Looking at Guijianchou on the top of the mountain from the bottom of the mountain, you can clearly see the dark stone cliffs and winding stone roads. Even the boulders on the road seemed to suddenly come to me, as if they had never been seen before. It can be imagined that when the autumn air begins to bloom and the winter snow is about to fall, the mountain feels that the burden of the three seasons is about to pass, so it shakes its broad shoulders in the cold wind and shakes off the soft branches and leaves clinging to the body; As soon as the mountain gate is closed, the endless tourists are pushed out; then they sit upright, overlooking the vast world, and quietly enjoy the peace. I am now entering this quiet world. Su Shi visited Chengtian Temple in the dead of night and felt that the temple was as bright and quiet as if it were in a pool of water. Today, when I visited Xiangshan Mountain in winter, my spirit was as clear as if it were in a vacuum.

④ Compared with spring and summer, what remains unchanged on this mountain are pines and cypresses. As soon as you step out of the back door of the villa, there are more than a dozen two-arm-thick pine trees reaching into the sky. The trunk of the tree is thick and strong, smooth and straight, and only a few strong branches stick out from the end of the treetop. On the branches are bunches of pine needles, which are as green as they should be. At this time, the sun was rising slowly from the east, but it stood still among the pine branches. I wandered under the tree and reclined my chair on the stone, looking at the red sun and green pines. My heart was as clear and peaceful as if I was in Nirvana. I felt that my chest was like a hollow valley, my head hung with a mirror, and I was one with the mountain. At this time, I only feel the majesty of the mountains and the majesty of the pines. These are the only two things left in Fragrant Mountain in winter. In addition to the green pines, there are also some new pines planted by the roadside, with green needles sprouting out, as if they are completely unaware of the season outside. Along with the pine are cypress and bamboo. Cypress trees either stand by the roadside or stick out from the rocks, looking dense and dense, echoing the pine trees. The green bamboo stands at the foot of the mountain under the eaves, with its delicate branches extending out its green leaves, making some preparations from a distance.

You look at the shriveled and broken branches of the pine trees under them, you look at the red sun and blue sky above them, and you look at the stone road swept clean by the mountain wind, you will understand the pride of the pine trees. It does not shrink its sleeves and neck because of the cold wind, nor does it feel inferior and ashamed because of the small number of people. I'm surprised that people are so curious, but they don't think of coming to Xiangshan to see the pines and cypresses after autumn has gathered and winter has condensed.

⑤When I climbed to the top of the mountain, I looked back at the vast smoke in the distance, the pavilions and terraces were faintly visible, the rocks were rushing under my feet, the pines and cypresses were connected, there were no flowers or grass, and the color was gray-brown. What a natural burnt ink drawing. Those who use burnt ink brushwork abandon color and use ink instead of covering up and leaving only the essence. Look at this mountain. With the help of the seasons, it has given up the fragrance of lilacs, the beautiful shadows of fragrant grass, the fiery red of maple trees, and the support of tourists. Only the evergreen pines and cypresses are left as the soul of the mountain. The mountain road was silent and there was no one around. I thought as I walked and compared the gains from my several visits to Xiangshan. When spring comes, I see her charm, when summer comes, I see her plumpness, when autumn comes, I see her gracefulness, but when winter comes, I am lucky enough to get a glimpse of her backbone. After reviewing and thinking, she resolutely put away those flowers that had passed by, leaving only the strong bones and righteousness. She will fight for better flowers, better leaves, and eternal fragrance in the coming year.

⑥Xiangshan, this refreshing winter day!

(Based on Liang Heng’s collection of essays "Looking for a Crossing")

1. Contact the full text and understand the meaning and function of the sentence "If I hadn't come at this moment, how would I know that side of Xiangshan's character?"

Detailed analysis:

Step 1: Find the correct angle to answer the question based on the question stem - language signs: "meaning" and "function" - determine that this question is a combination of semantics and structure Reading

The second step: Find the right person to answer the question based on the question - "If I hadn't come at this time, how would I have known that side of Xiangshan's character?"

Step 3: Find the area to answer the question based on the object - paragraph 1, the beginning of the article

Answer analysis:

From the perspective of meaning, this sentence The superficial meaning of: The author happened to come to Xiangshan in winter and learned about the other side of Xiangshan's character. From "qia" and "neng", we can see the author's surprise when he discovered the other side of Xiangshan's character.

From a structural reading point of view, this sentence is located at the beginning and plays the role of leading to the following, including the author's specific description of the other side of the Fragrant Mountain in winter and the thoughts caused by it.

Answer: It shows the author’s surprise in discovering another side of Xiangshan’s character unexpectedly in winter. It leads to the narration and reflection of the article about the "unexpected" "discovery" (or another side of Fragrant Mountain) that surprised the author in winter.

2. Look at the full text and briefly analyze the role of the closing sentence of the article "Fragrant Mountain, this refreshing winter day".

Detailed analysis:

Step 1: Find the correct angle to answer the question based on the question stem - language mark: "Function" - determine whether this question is a structured reading

Step 2: Find the answer object based on the question - "Xiangshan, this refreshing winter day"

Step 3: Find the area to answer the question based on the object - the last paragraph, article at the end

Answer analysis:

This sentence is located at the end of the article. It echoes the previous article, points out the topic, and reveals the central role, that is, it takes over the author’s interpretation of the other side of Xiangshan’s character. The narration and exclamation once again point out the quiet and upright nature of Fragrant Mountain in winter, allowing readers to think further about the other side of Fragrant Mountain in winter.

Answer: This sentence is the author’s heartfelt sigh after realizing the other side of Fragrant Mountain. It once again highlights the quiet and upright nature of Fragrant Mountain in winter. It echoes the previous article and allows readers to have a better understanding of Fragrant Mountain in winter. thinking.