Teaching Design of Autumn in the Old Capital, a compulsory Chinese course for Senior One.

First, the analysis of teaching content

"Autumn in the Old Capital" is the second text of the first unit of compulsory Chinese in the experimental textbook of senior high school curriculum standard published by People's Education Press. The main purpose of this unit is to lead students to spread their imagination wings, appreciate nature and feel the pulse of the author's heart, so as to enter an aesthetic realm.

This article is Yu Dafu's unique prose, which embodies his artistic personality and aesthetic pursuit. The full text is closely related to "clearness, quietness and sadness" and depicts five pictures: "Autumn morning in the yard", "Autumn flowers falling", "Qiu Chan screaming" and "Autumn fruit wonder". Change the "objective color" of nature through the method of "controlling scenery with emotion and showing emotion with scenery". This is the second essay in this unit, and its exemplary role can not be ignored. Therefore, we should continue to attach importance to guiding students to master the relationship between "form" and "spirit" in prose, and the difficulty lies in the harmonious expression of "scenery" and "emotion" in the article, so as to further let students feel the writer's rich experience and profound thinking about nature and life.

Second, the analysis of students' learning situation

Students are the main body of learning. Whenever we impart knowledge to our students, it is natural to consider the original foundation, existing difficulties and learning psychological characteristics of the teaching objects of this course, so as to determine the key points, difficulties and teaching methods in a targeted manner. My teaching target is the junior one students in private ordinary high schools, most of whom have poor Chinese foundation. However, they are no strangers to prose. They learned Zhu Ziqing's Spring in junior high school and just learned Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and other essays. They realized the beauty of language and artistic conception of prose and had a preliminary appreciation. In order to broaden students' horizons, I require every student to have an extracurricular magazine at the beginning of school. Such as Readers, Prose, Youth Expo, Selected Short Stories, etc. For all students to share. After investigation, ordinary students can also tell the characteristics of prose "scattered in form but not in spirit", but students mainly stay in the stage of extensive reading and initial reading, but they don't know why, and their thinking ability and aesthetic ability are still forming. Teachers should fully guide students to enter a specific aesthetic mood, and cultivate students with a quiet mind suitable for accepting beautiful things.

Third, the design ideas

1, teachers as the leading factor, students as the main body, and quality and ability training as the main line.

2. Chinese class must have Chinese flavor. Teaching pays attention to the whole perception, and requires students to know people and appreciate articles, make use of their own proficiency in Mandarin and be good at reciting, create a good atmosphere, and guide students into specific aesthetic situations.

3. According to the spirit of the new curriculum standards and the requirements of this unit, combined with the actual situation of students in our school, set the teaching objectives and determine the teaching priorities and difficulties. Preparing lessons is not only preparing teaching materials, but also preparing students. Give full play to students' subjective initiative, pay attention to the learning process, appropriately inspire and evaluate, and strive to achieve the three-dimensional goal of classroom teaching.

There is only one class hour in this course, and the time may be tight. Therefore, students are required to fully preview the text. Read the text three times first and find five pictures. Second, look for materials about the writer's life and works.

5. Appreciate the works with emphasis and field, and guide students to draw inferences from others and apply what they have learned.

6. Effective use of multimedia.

Fourth, teaching objectives.

Further understand the relationship between "form" and "spirit" in prose. Further learn to control the scene with emotions and express the expression of emotions with scenes. Cultivate students' temperament and improve their aesthetic ability.

Key points and difficulties in teaching verbs (abbreviation of verb)

Focus: understand the emotional tone of the article and the author's feelings for the old capital.

Difficulties: How does the full text closely follow "clearness, quietness and sadness" and describe five pictures of autumn morning, autumn flowers falling, Qiu Chan hissing and autumn fruit wonders in the yard? Through the method of "controlling the scene with emotion, showing the scene with emotion", the "objective color" of nature (autumn color in the old capital) is combined with the "subjective color" in the writer's heart.

Sixth, the teaching process design

First, import

Students, today, let's enjoy an affectionate composition. Before entering the study of this article, let's look at a picture, which I asked an art teacher in our school to describe according to a word in junior high school:

Show pictures 1

Show Tianjingsha Qiu Si (a combination of personal recitation and teacher-student recitation)

Thinking: How does this word express the author's thoughts and feelings? How do you feel about this feeling? (Students speak freely)

Clear: Everyone understands! The end of the world is reduced to people, and they miss home in autumn. Love and scenery are perfectly combined in this word. Indeed, when reading a poem and looking at a painting, it is often through the limited images in front of us that we can capture and understand more profound things and enjoy beauty. This deeper thing is what we often say about the author's thoughts and feelings. For lyrical prose about scenery, there is no simple scenery in the writer's works, and feelings are often embedded in the scenery. When we read this kind of prose, we should start with concrete images, grasp the characteristics of the scenery, and grasp the thoughts and feelings embedded in it by the author.

Show the direction of thinking? Use a scene to express your feelings.

Everyone in junior high school is familiar with this method, and studying in senior high school puts forward higher requirements for us, which requires us to ponder carefully and appreciate the scenery carefully in order to better understand and grasp the author's feelings. Today, we will master this reading method on the basis of studying this text.

Second, overall perception.

1. Aestheticists say: Natural landscape is the spiritual world. Then, let's walk into Yu Dafu's inner world from autumn scenery, the old capital, and see what kind of scenery the author wrote to express his deep affection.

Learning objectives: (slide)

1. Experience the relationship between "form" and "spirit" in prose.

2. Understand the expression of "controlling scenery with emotion, conveying feelings with scenery" in the text, and learn to analyze the reading method of lyric prose by using scenery.

Beiping, the old capital, was once a bustling place in history. The word "so" in the title of this article contains deep "attachment". Why does autumn scenery, the old capital, cause the author to be so attached? What kind of affection is contained in autumn sounds and autumn colors? Let's take a look at autumn scenery as a whole. Please look at the text next. Read the first and second paragraphs together, and then listen to me recite the main part of the text (3- 1 1). Go to the old capital together, see its color, smell its sound and taste the autumn flavor of the old capital. (Play music to read. )

2. Think about the following two questions:

(1) What are the characteristics of autumn scenery in the author's eyes? Find the center of the article.

(2) How many pictures of autumn in the old capital did the author describe?

It is clear (1) that "autumn in the north is especially quiet and sad." "Clear", "quiet" and "sad" are the characteristics of autumn in the old capital. This is the main line or key point of the article. Grasping the eye or main line of the text is conducive to our in-depth understanding of the text. For example, "My heart is quite uneasy these days" in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond.

(2) Five pictures: autumn morning, autumn locusts in the yard, Qiu Chan complaining and gossiping, autumn coolness and autumn fruit wonders.

Third, analysis and appreciation.

"Cleanliness", "quietness" and "sadness" are not groundless, but come from the author's objective feelings about the old capital autumn scenery. How does the author describe these autumn scenery in detail? What kind of scenery will make Yu Dafu feel so depressed, so sad and so lonely?

Thinking: (1) In the five pictures, from which aspects did the author write autumn?

Clarity: The author gives a detailed description from two aspects (angles) of autumn sound and autumn color.

(2) What are the advantages of writing from the perspective of autumn sounds and autumn colors?

Clarity: The perceptual angle can well show the characteristics of autumn in the old capital. Let readers hear its voice, see its scenery and enter its territory.

(3) What autumn sounds and colors are described? (Find and discuss in two groups)

Clear: color: blue sky with white and blue cloth, light green and light yellow.

Question: A. What are the characteristics of the autumn colors chosen in this article? (color style)

Transparent: cool tone. Draw a cool picture with cyan, dark gray and gray tones.

B, why is it autumn?

Clarity: its white and yellow highlight the characteristics of autumn, which is consistent with other colors described in this paper.

C, in the face of such colors and scenery, what kind of feelings will you have in your heart?

Qing: cold and cheerless. It exudes coolness everywhere.

② Clarity: Sound: faint cicada sound, wind and rain sound and human voice.

A, if the description of autumn colors is "Qing"; So, what about the sound of autumn? One word summary.

Clear: Quiet. There is silence and loneliness everywhere.

B, it says autumn sound. Why do we still say it's quiet?

Clear: contrast. In the old capital of autumn, in the boundless blue world, even subtle sounds such as the chirping of insects and the sweeping sound of brooms can be heard clearly. Doesn't it reflect the silence of the old capital? "When Lin Yue is quiet, Tonggong Mountain will be quieter." Artists often use this artistic dialectical method of static contrast to achieve stronger expression effect. We have come across this usage in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, which uses frogs to set off the silence of the lotus pond under the moon.

For example, c:

If we see the silk lines on the broom, why do we seem to hear subtle sounds? Fine silk thread, traces on dust. We seem to see the sweeper waving his broom leisurely in the shade of the tree and hear the slight rustle of dust and fallen leaves. Doesn't this reflect the desolation and decline of the old capital autumn scenery?

D. How does the author feel when he sees the deserted colors and hears the faint sound?

Qing: It's lonely and cold. Autumn rain, autumn rain, accompanied by the faint cicada, pigeon whistle, the distant bell of the wilderness, the author even seems to hear the subtle broom sound. "This time, what a quiet word!"

Fourth, try to figure out the sentiment.

1, autumn is cold and cheerless, and autumn sounds lonely. What kind of autumn does the author taste in such a quiet autumn sound? We all grasped the characteristics of autumn scenery and analyzed the scenery. Now, let's go into the artistic conception created by the author to appreciate, ponder and comprehend!

What is the artistic conception? Artistic conception is the fusion of internal interest and external scenery. Including two factors, one is the environment, that is, the immediate scene; The second is meaning, that is, feelings in the heart; The scenes are put together. The scenery was originally emotionless, and the author looked at the scenery with some feelings, so the scenery infected the author's feelings. Different feelings have different perceptions of the same scene. This is what we often call "empathy" in aesthetics.

Below, we will go deep into the artistic conception in the works and observe the scenery. When you see the third paragraph, please read it by all the female students. This is the early morning scene of autumn in the old capital yard. Male students try to summarize the objective scene when listening.

Display screen 2

(Students will answer by default)

Morning scene in the courtyard: under the blue sky, pigeons are trained to fly, and a rafter is broken beside the house. The broken waist is still facing the orchid of morning glory, and the sun shines through the leaves of Sophora japonica.

People in the courtyard: In the morning, the author wearing a blue gown sat under the pagoda tree in the courtyard, drinking a big bowl of strong tea and counting the morning glory and its associations (scattered autumn grass) caused by sunshine or silence.

Subjective feelings: leisure, loneliness and sadness.

Clear: The students answered very well. This is a huge painting with three-dimensional aesthetic feeling. The background is painted with a green sky, and the colorful morning glory on the ground gathers into a colorful wildflower garden; Between heaven and earth, occasionally one or two white or tile-gray tame pigeons appear, dotted in the middle of a large blank, with appropriate density and shade, which can be comparable to the Tiangong. People are sitting in the yard, wearing blue robes, holding tea bowls, looking up at the blue sky, counting the sunshine coming through the leaves of Sophora japonica, leaning over to pick morning glory, and the sound of pigeons flying in their ears. The picture is quiet and vivid, and the beauty of autumn is completely integrated into the blue sky and white flowers. This kind of "quiet" mood is slightly "sad", which embodies the original beauty and simple beauty of autumn in the old capital.

"When I look at things, everything is my color." The autumn rendered by the author is cold, silent and beautiful. Students, the teacher wants to understand the characteristics of Autumn in the Old Capital by interpreting Autumn Morning in the Yard. I hope that students can analyze the artistic conception of the other four paintings from point to surface after class. (Writing on the blackboard "Showing Love with Scenes")

2. Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, said: "All scenery words are sentimental words", and scenery is born of emotion. "Flowers fade, flowers fly all over the sky, and the fragrance disappears. Who will pity?" Only in sad tears can Lin Daiyu see the falling core. So why does the author regard autumn scenery as so "quiet"?

This is related to the author's living environment at that time. Due to the threat of xx white terror and other reasons, Yu Dafu, as an intellectual, was depressed in the mid-1930s and lived a leisurely life. In order to escape from reality, he traveled around to some extent in order to dispel the depression and loneliness brought by reality. It is with this mentality that autumn scenery, the capital of China, has been imbued with a strong subjective color, with harmony inside and outside. (blackboard writing: "controlling the scenery with emotion")

A detailed analysis of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

The main part of the text has been learned. I hope everyone will have a deeper understanding of the technique of "controlling the scene with emotion and showing the emotion with the scene". Finally, ask questions.

Question 1. Since the author describes the autumn in the old capital, why should he write the autumn in the south? Summarize the characteristics of southern autumn in three words?

Qing Dynasty: The full text not only directly describes autumn scenery and the old capital, but also indirectly describes the autumn of the old capital by writing about Qiu Lai in the south. Direct writing starts with the melody and voice of the old capital autumn scenery, highlighting the "quietness and sadness" of the old capital autumn scenery. Indirect writing also embodies the characteristics of autumn scenery and Old Capital through the comparison between them. Slow, moist and light.

Default question 2. Is the emotional tone of this article ode to autumn or sad autumn?

Clarity: let students express their opinions, if reasonable, yes.

Sixth, sum up deeply.

Autumn in the Old Capital is a distinctive essay. "Clear, quiet and sad" is inside and outside every low and broken house in the yard; In every drop of autumn locust; In every voice of Qiu Chan; In every drop of rain in autumn rain; In every yellow autumn jujube; It is also in the voice of idle people in the old capital with a mouthful of Beijing dialect. The "sadness" in the author's mind is not the mentality of enjoying the scenery in the old capital, but the feeling of the whole life. There is autumn in my heart and autumn in my pen.

We seem to have tasted a big bowl of tea in old Beiping with Mr. Yu Dafu, which is refreshing and pleasant. It's like listening to a Beijing opera oratorio full of sound and emotion: the lingering sound is endless.

Seven, joint reading comprehension and writing

Learn the writing method of the text "controlling the scene with emotion, showing the scene with emotion" and write a descriptive fragment of about 200 words.

Eight, reflection after teaching

1, this article is a famous article in the history of modern literature, with sincere feelings, profound meaning and beautiful wording. However, since this article has been written for more than 70 years, it is really difficult for students to fully feel the meaning and emotion in the article. "Quiet" is easy to understand, but "sad" is not. This requires teachers to guide students to eliminate the barriers of the times and feel humanistic feelings. Cultivating humanistic spirit is an important task in Chinese teaching. Through teaching this article, I feel that the humanistic spirit is not far away from us. It is in the text, in the reading activities of teachers and students.

2. Compare Autumn in the Old Capital with Moonlight on the Lotus Pond by means of comparative reading, so as to deepen students' understanding and mastery of knowledge points.

3. The analysis of the characteristics of prose "scattered in form and gathered in spirit" can be more in place. For example, the fragmentation of material selection in this paper does not point out that there is no obvious temporal and spatial connection between the five pictures, but they are all comparable. Why? This is a failure of this course teaching. However, I often comfort myself with "classroom teaching is always the art of regret". I wonder if I can get my colleagues' understanding?

explain

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to many excellent teachers and educators for their writing methods.

Nine. comment

The new curriculum standard of senior high school requires "paying attention to aesthetic experience, cultivating temperament and soul." Can feel the image, taste the language, understand the rich connotation of the work, appreciate its artistic expression, and have their own emotional experience and thinking. "This design well embodies the concept of the new curriculum in senior high school, and at the same time properly handles the relationship between teaching content and classroom teaching time, highlights the teaching focus, has a large classroom capacity, compact pace and strong operability.

On teaching content and teaching methods

(1) synthesis and analysis. This design is specific when arranging preview, and requires students to summarize five pictures of the text on the premise of grasping the content of the text as a whole (including image and emotion), so that students can have a preliminary image of the text. The process of classroom implementation is mainly analysis, and the analysis of the text is a process of in-depth understanding, that is, the process of classroom inquiry. The grasp of the whole can only be more profound if we rely on the local analysis of the text, and the whole and the part are not absolute. Each level of the text is local to the whole text, but integral to its internal level. Through the exploration and analysis of five pictures by teachers and students, this design has a further understanding of "clear, quiet and sad". Then, through the analysis of "controlling scenery with emotion, conveying feelings with scenery", we can understand how the whole and part, appearance and implication, subjectivity and objectivity of the work are unified into a whole, and then we can understand the author's thoughts and emotions more deeply.

(2) Deep and simple. This design is based on the familiar Tianjin Sha Qiu Si. Compared with the text Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, students can easily understand it. In the form of question inquiry, the core of the text is gradually revealed layer by layer to guide the understanding of the author's thoughts and feelings.

Suggestions on this design

(A) the handling of the relationship between the whole and the local. After the local cut-in analysis of the text, it is generally necessary to summarize and integrate, so as to promote the overall grasp of the text. That is to form a "whole-part-whole" pattern. By default, it may be effective for students to read, appreciate and feel the meaning of the text completely after "detail analysis".

(2) The grasp of multiple interpretations. At the end of the classroom teaching, "Is the emotional tone of this article praising autumn or mourning autumn?" Question, the proposed scenario is "Let students express their views, if reasonable, ok". There are traces of "pluralism" and "pluralism". Since teachers and students interpret and discuss the emotions contained in the text in class, how can any students think that this article is "reasonable" in Ode to Autumn? Is it unreasonable to interpret Hamlet as King Lear? If you want to compare, it may be better for students to quote several articles praising autumn.