How did Tiananmen get its name?

Chang 'an Street is well-known at home and abroad and is known as "the first street in China". Chang 'an Street, built in the Ming Dynasty, is the main road for the construction of the Forbidden City, the Imperial City and the inner and outer cities in Beijing. According to relevant records, it was built at the same time with the Imperial City from the fourth year to the eighteenth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1406- 1420), and it is an important part of the overall planning of Beijing city construction in Ming Dynasty, with a history of 600 years. Chang 'an Street, named after Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, means long-term stability.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chang 'an Avenue was only seven or eight miles long, known as Shili Long Street. From Chang 'an Zuomen to Dongdan archway, it was named East Chang 'an Street. From the right gate of Chang 'an to Xidan archway, it is called West Chang 'an Street. 1940, Jianguomen and Fuxingmen on the east and west sides of the inner wall were demolished, which became the embryonic form of modern Chang 'an Street. The left gate of Chang 'an City and the right gate of Chang 'an City are two "three gates" standing on the east-west "cross street" in front of Tiananmen Square. After the founding of New China, the flow of people increased greatly, which brought inconvenience to passing vehicles and pedestrians. There are hundreds of car-to-car or car-to-person collisions here every year. So around 1952, the two "three gates" of Chang 'an left gate and Chang 'an right gate were demolished. Later, with Beijing becoming the political and cultural center of the whole country, Chang 'an Avenue, as the Zhonghua Avenue which embodies the political, cultural and diplomatic functions of the capital, is full of vitality.

At present, Chang 'an Avenue is bounded by the central axis of Tiananmen Square and divided into two sections: East Chang 'an Avenue and West Chang 'an Avenue, east to Tongzhou and west to Shijingshan District. The road is 50 to 100 meters wide, with a total length of about 94 miles, and has the reputation of "a hundred miles long street". Chang 'an Avenue is straight and spacious, running across the east and west of the capital, just in front of Tiananmen Square and intersecting with the central axis running through the north and south of the capital. Relevant experts and scholars believe that this determines the central coordinates of Beijing and the direction of its surrounding streets and lanes, and makes the whole urban area of Beijing present a "chessboard street" city with scientific latitude and longitude lines and criss-crossing, which is magnificent.

Strictly speaking, Chang 'an Street refers to the road from Jianguomen in the east to Fuxingmen in the west, with a total length of 13.4 Li. In recent years, with the continuous transformation of Chang 'an Avenue by the state, the east and west ends of Chang 'an Avenue gradually extend outward. That is, the extension line of Chang 'an Street starts from Gongzhufen to Shougang East Gate in the west and reaches Tongzhou Canal Square in the east, with a total length of 94 miles, also known as Baili Street, also known as "China's first street".

Many ancient scenic spots on Chang 'an Avenue are famous all over the world. Tiananmen Square, formerly known as "Chengtianmen", was founded in 14 17 (the fifteenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), which means "inheriting heaven and being ordered by heaven". According to relevant historical records, Chengtianmen is a five-hole archway with yellow tile cornices, three floors and red painted gold nails, which is dazzling. A straight central imperial road extends from the back of the five-hole archway, passing through the end gate and leading directly to the meridian gate of the main entrance of the palace. 165 1 year (eight years of Qing Shunzhi), rebuilt as "Tiananmen Square", which means "taking orders from heaven" and "keeping peace and governing the people". During the 500 years of Ming and Qing dynasties, Tiananmen Square was the place where the new emperor ascended the throne and the queen was awarded the title of imperial edict. It is also a place where the emperor can carry on the family line and recruit wise men, and it is also the only way for the emperor to go out to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors. In China's modern history, the May 4th Movement, the December 9th Movement, founding ceremony and other remarkable major historical events in China's revolutionary history were staged in front of Tiananmen Square. After the founding of New China, Tiananmen Square on Chang 'an Avenue, with its unique loftiness and solemnity, symbolizes the rebirth of an ancient civilization and appears on the national emblem of China, becoming a symbol of the great motherland.

Tiananmen Square was a T-shaped palace square in front of Tiananmen Square in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the beginning, the imperial palace square of the feudal emperor was tightly closed, and there was a red wall on the edge of the square, and there was a thousand steps corridor with eaves and ridges in the red wall, which was the place where the feudal emperor held grand celebrations and other important activities. In the north of the square, it reaches Tiananmen Square and the south wall of the imperial city on both sides. In front of Tiananmen Square, there is a spacious east-west "horizontal street" with Chang 'an left gate and Chang 'an right gate. Among the people, Chang 'an Avenue, East and West, got its name. Palace Square is south to Daming Gate in Ming Dynasty (renamed Daqingmen in Qing Dynasty, Zhonghua Gate in Republic of China, and later demolished). Out of Daming Gate, you can cross a chessboard street (also known as Tianjie Street) and go straight to Zhengyangmen. Today, Tiananmen Square is a grand and solemn people's square, which has become the largest and most spectacular square in the world.

Now Zhongshan Park is not only a social forum in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also the first park in the history of the ancient capital Beijing, formerly known as Central Park. It was under the creativity and auspices of Zhu Qiqian, a famous person in modern China, then the chief of the interior of Beiyang government and the governor of Beijing municipal government, that the abandoned rural altar in Ming and Qing dynasties was turned into a park. She Ji Tan was originally xingguo temple in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and was renamed Wanshou xingguo temple. When Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, built the Beijing Palace, she converted it into a social altar according to the system of "left ancestors and right houses", which was once the place where emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties sacrificed to the land gods and the grain gods. In order to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the Republic of China, it was renamed Zhongshan Park on 19 18.

Located on the east side of Tiananmen Gate, the ancestral hall was originally a royal ancestral hall in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancestral hall was founded in 1420 (18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1544 (23rd year of Jiajing). Since then, it has been repaired and expanded many times in the eight years of Shunzhi and four years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. The ancestral hall covers an area of about 654.38+0.39 million square meters. The main building of the ancestral hall is three halls, opposite Dajimen. The front hall is the main hall of the three main halls, where the emperor once held a big sacrifice. The ancestral temple in the Ming Dynasty belonged to the imperial court, and it belonged to the Taichang Temple in the Qing Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever a new emperor ascended the throne, or there was a pro-government, wedding, knighthood, emblem, longevity, conferment, triumph, prisoner sacrifice, Anzi official sacrifice, he went to the ancestral temple to pay homage every year and so on. After the founding of the Republic of China, the Beiyang government named it 1926 as the Peace Park, which was opened to the outside world and returned to the Ministry of the Interior two years later. 1932 (20th year of the Republic of China) was changed into a branch of the Palace Museum, which was opened to the public in August of the following year. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), with the consent of President Mao Zedong, Premier Zhou Enlai allocated the ancestral temple to the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions and became the Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace.

Dongdan and Xidan are the abbreviations of the original Dongdan archway and Xidan archway. There are many famous cultural sites and large temples in Xidan in history. Now the area around Beijing Book Building and Civil Aviation Building is the original site of Qingshou Temple, one of the oldest temples in Beijing. 1954, during the expansion of West Chang 'an Avenue, Qingshou Temple (formerly No.28 West Chang 'an Avenue) was demolished. According to relevant historical records, the Shuangta Qingshou Temple was first built in the Jin Dynasty, named Daqingshou Temple, and was rebuilt in the early Yuan Dynasty. /kloc-rebuilt in 0/448 (13th year of Ming Dynasty) and renamed Daxing Dragon Palace, also known as Jean Temple. 1535 (14th year of Jiajing) was destroyed by fire. 1536 (15th year of Jiajing) was changed to Jiangwutang and Xiang Ying. At that time, the Twin Towers were located on the west side of the temple. One tower has 9 levels, which is called "the tower of the Lord entrusted by the Buddha Yan Haiyun", and the other tower has 7 levels, which is called "the tower of the temple of the Buddhist monk Yan Zhao".

The history of Xidan business district can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty. According to relevant historical records, it was the main intersection of southwest Beijing leading to Guang 'anmen. Business travel and goods from southwest provinces by land have to go from Lugouqiao to Guang 'anmen in the outer city, enter Xuanwu Gate in the inner city via Caishikou in the north, and then enter all parts of the inner city via Xidan. As a result, various shops, restaurants, restaurants and cultural places have been built around Xidan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dali Temple, Taibu Temple, Taichang Temple, Punishments Department, Duchayuan and Lu 'an Yiwei all went shopping around Xidan, which promoted the commercial development here and made Xidan a lively commercial center on Chang 'an Avenue.

Zhu Qiqian, a modern celebrity in China, was one of the founders of modern municipal construction in China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as the inspection department of the inner and outer cities of Shi Jing, the inspector of the School of Translation of Shi Jing University, and later served as the chief of transportation, acting prime minister and chief of internal affairs of Beiyang government. During his tenure, in order to facilitate Beijing's traffic, he pushed through the central axis of Beijing and laid the foundation for Chang 'an Avenue and Beijing's modernization today. 19 1 1 After the Revolution of 1911, the then Grand Presidential Palace was located in Zhongnanhai. Zhu Qiqian rebuilt the downstairs of Bao Yue, south of Zhongnanhai, into "xinhua gate", demolished the inner imperial city wall, and made the gate lead directly to Chang 'an Avenue. In addition, he also presided over the opening of Fu You Street, Nanchang Street and Beichang Street, Wang Hongbin and Beichizi, connecting them with Chang 'an Street, and opening up the north-south traffic arteries in Beijing. (Zheng Zhang)

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