Is there a general named Jia in history?

The Jia family in China is a very remarkable family. It's been three thousand years, and it's gone through many vicissitudes. Blood originates from the Yellow Emperor, which is noble, and its surname comes from Wu Zhou (1) and Shanda. Rich and prosperous foundation; Talented people come forth in large numbers and shine in history; Brilliant.

First, the important historical figures of Jia surname in China and their distribution

Compared with other surnames with similar population, Jia's ancient historical figures have a high level of talents and great historical influence, which can be described as outstanding. The deeper I study the development history of my Jia family, the more shocked, excited and proud I am!

Jia is an important figure in ancient history. Jia's first king was Jia. Guo Jia ascended the throne for more than 340 years, and reigned for 1 1 year. Secondly, Jia Ji, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, was a great teacher of Jin State and a famous commander of Confucianism, which had an important influence on the history of Jin State.

History entered the Western Han Dynasty. In Luoyang, Henan Province, an epoch-making great figure Jia Yi was born in the Jia family. He was praised by Mao Zedong as a "handsome genius" and was highly praised by historians, politicians and scholars in past dynasties.

There were two outstanding stars in the Eastern Han Dynasty: Jia Fu, a brave general and politician born in Champion County, Nanyang County, and Jia Kui, a scholar, historian and astronomer born in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Jia Xu, a strategist and politician who can be compared with (2) and (3), appeared in Jia family in Wuwei, Gansu Province, and was evaluated as "a complete plan" by historian Chen Shou. From Cao Wei to the Western Jin Dynasty, Jia Kui's eponymous statesman and strategist Jia Kui and his son, and Jia Chong and Jia Nanfeng, two important ministers in the Western Jin Dynasty, were all famous historical figures. Hui Yuan was a native of the ancient Yanmen Loufan (now Shanxi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was a Buddhist and philosopher and founded the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism.

Jia Sixie, a scientific superstar, was born in Shouguang, Shandong Province during the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is a rare great agronomist in the history of our country, and was selected as a textbook by Contemporary National Education. There are also scholars and politicians of the same era as Jia Sixie, Jia Sibo and Jia Si.

In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of scholars, writers and politicians emerged, such as scholar Jia, poet and politician and Jia Zhi, and prime ministers Jia Dan and Jia Kui. Among the figures in the Tang Dynasty, Jia Dao, a famous poet in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, was the most dazzling. In the field of literature and art, Jia Dao and Jia Yi represent Jia's highest achievement.

Jia in the Song Dynasty is also very eye-catching. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Jia Xian, a great mathematician who was selected as a textbook today, Jia Huangzhong, a prodigy who later became a politician, Jia Changchao, a great scholar in a high political management position, and Jia Shanxiang, a famous Taoist priest in Sichuan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were Jia She, the famous commander-in-chief of Zhejiang Tiantai Anti-Gold, Jia Sidao, the prime minister, Jia Anzhai, Hui Zong, Qin Zong and Gao Zong, the champion of Xing Wu in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Jia Shaochong and Jia Yi, politicians in Tongxian County, Hebei Province, are brave and knowledgeable.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Jia's position was particularly prominent, and a large number of generals appeared, such as Jia Fu, the general of Zhenguo, and Jia Wenbei, the founding marshal. Jia Fu and Jia Wenbei are both Confucian generals. There are also generations of generals of Jatalahun and Jasira. There are also Fujian talented woman Jia Penglai, Zhejiang famous poetess Jia Yunhua, father and son politicians Jia Juzhen and Jia Jun, mathematician Jia Heng, politician, historian and water conservancy scientist Jia Lu.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were Shandong writers Jia and Jia Fuxi, Henan Xinzheng politician and college student Jia Yong, and Shandong Yixian politician and great writer Jia Sanjin. Jia Sanjin, in particular, is the author of Jin Ping Mei.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were Fu in the early Qing Dynasty, Jia Hanfu, a minister of the Ministry of War who attached importance to education and cultural construction, Jia Jun, a famous painter, and Jia Zhen, an extraordinary and brave college student from Huangxian County, Shandong Province. There is a talent group of Jia family in Gaoyou represented by Jia Guowei in Jiangsu.

The appearance of historical figure Jia is mainly concentrated in several areas. In proportion to the population distribution, areas with relatively concentrated population produce more historical celebrities or talents, and vice versa. Generally speaking, for thousands of years, Jia's historical figures are mainly distributed in northwest China, Central Plains, North China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan and other places. It is most in the north of the Yangtze River and less in the south. Hebei and Beijing are the regions with the largest number of historical figures and talents of Jia surname. Specifically, there are the following areas of concentration:

One is Shanxi. This place is the birthplace of Jia people, and naturally it is also a place with many Jia people and talented people. Because of the prosperous population, a representative Linfen County has been formed. The county is located in Linfen City, Shanxi Province. In addition to the aforementioned Jia and Jia Ji, there are Jia Nanping, a doctor of Jia in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jia Jun, the wife of Jin, Jia Hua, a general of the Western Jin Dynasty, and Jia Xin of the Jia Chong family near Linfen. Jia Bizhi, the founder of China genealogy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Jia Xuan, a famous painter in the early Qing Dynasty, were both from Linfen. Hui Yuan, a Buddhist master in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jia Lu, a water conservancy scientist in the Yuan Dynasty, and Jia Renyuan, a left assistant minister of the Ministry of War in the Ming Dynasty, were also from Shanxi.

The second is Hebei and Beijing. As early as the Warring States period, there were generals Yan Jia and famous businessman Jia Sheren. In the Tang Dynasty, there were scholars Jia Qiong, famous geographer and politician Jia Dan, top scholar Jia Leng, famous poet Jia Dao, famous historian Wei Jia in the Five Dynasties, Jia Huangzhong and Jia Changchao in the Song Dynasty, Jia Kui in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Shaochong and Jia Yi in the Jin Dynasty, and most Jia people who were active in the military and political fields in the Yuan Dynasty came from Hebei, such as Jia Fu and Jia Wenbei, Jia Juzhen and Jia Jun. Its representative county is Changle County, located in Jixian County, Hebei Province.

The third is Shandong. The Jia family living in Shandong started earlier, at the latest in the Warring States period. For example, after Jia was wiped out by Duke Wu of Jin, the doctor Jia Nanping fled to Qi (present-day Shandong). Jia Shu, the king of Qi Zhuang, was his confidant and Jia Ju was his guardian. Jia Sixie, Jia Sibo and Jia Sitong of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jia Dunyi and Jia Dunshi of the Tang Dynasty, Tong Jia of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Xuan of the Jin Dynasty, Jia Zhongming, Jia Sanjin and Jia Zhen of the Ming Dynasty were all from Shandong.

The fourth is Henan. Jia Shan and Jia Yi, politicians in the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Hu, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Fu, a general and politician, Jia Biao, a celebrity, Jia Xiang, prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, Jia An, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, Jia Kaizong, a college student in the Ming Dynasty, and a poet in the Qing Dynasty were all from Henan. The Jia surname in Henan formed a representative county, Luoyang County.

The fifth is Gansu. Wuwei county in this province is the representative county of Jia surname. Jia Xu, a famous figure in the Three Kingdoms period, Jia Xuanshuo, secretary of the founding emperor of the former Qin Dynasty, Jia Yi and Jia charm, scholars and politicians of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Jia Zhaowen, a doctor in Mianzhu, Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty, all came from Wuwei, Gansu and other places.

The sixth is Fujian. In the Five Dynasties, Jia Yu was a famous minister of the king of Fujian. There were musicians Jia and poets Jia Penglai in Yuan Dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, the famous naval educator Jia Ningxi.

Seventh, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. One is Jia Sidao in Tiantai, Zhejiang, Jia Anzhai in Xing Wu, Zhejiang, and the other is Jia Guowei in Gaoyou, Jiangsu. These points constitute a concentrated group of Jia talents in the south of the Yangtze River.

Eight is Sichuan. Jia Shanxiang, a Taoist priest in Peng 'an in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Zikun, a scholar and anti-Yuan hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Chengmu, a famous calligrapher in Guanghan in the Qing Dynasty, and Hanlin Jia in Quxian County.

Nine is Jiangxi. In Song Dynasty, Jia Zunzu, a scholar and poet, lived in the southeast of Lead Mountain. Jia Jia Village, Sheshan, Gao 'an City, Jiangxi Province, was in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There were 120 people who won the top prize in the imperial examination in this village, including 8 Jinshi and 9 Juren. The top officials were Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishment and Shangshu of the Ministry of Official Affairs.

Ten is Hubei. In the Qing Dynasty, Ren Jia was the governor of Yunnan.

(B) the main characteristics of Jia historical figures

The Chinese nation consists of many families. Many families show different characteristics in spiritual temperament, personality characteristics and behavior patterns. For example, Yang and Xue have more generals, Zhong has more artists, Qiu has more scholars, and Sima and Ban have more historians. After comparative analysis, I think Jia has the following characteristics.

One of the characteristics: Jia family is a cultural family. Judging from the more than 300 historical figures of Jia surname consulted by the author, more than 98% of them are knowledgeable and literate. Moreover, most historical figures have high cultural accomplishment. Some people may say that it must be intellectuals who can be passed down to future generations. However, there are two things that many other families can't match. First, more than 80% of officials are scholars. Those who are literate are not necessarily scholars, and those who can be admitted to the Jinshi or even the top scholar are not necessarily scholars. The so-called scholars refer to people who have long-term interest in certain academic fields, have specialized research and attainments, and write books. Second, among generals and historical figures, scholar-type generals account for the vast majority. For example, Jia Ji, the second ancestor of the Jia family, Jia Fu, the founding hero of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Kui of the Three Kingdoms Cao Wei, and Jia Wenbei, the founding hero of the Yuan Dynasty, are all very famous Confucian generals. What prompted Jia to become a cultural family? I think there are two main reasons: the first is rooted in deep-rooted cultural traditions. Jia, whose real name is Ji, is a native. Zhou Wenwang is not only a great politician, but also a great thinker and philosopher. He created the Book of Changes, which is still unforgettable. His son is the last family in the Ji family to decline politically, because he is both civil and military, and Jia's surname is Jia, the youngest son. Population genetics has proved that people's bloody temperament can be directly passed on to their offspring, and it has an indirect impact on their spirit and behavior. Second, the Jia family has formed a tradition of attaching importance to education. There are two widely circulated stories in history. One is that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Kui was born in a poor family and had no money to go to school or hire a teacher, but Jia Kui became a minister who was reused by a generation of literati emperors. How did he learn knowledge and culture? This is "learning through the fence". That is to say, there is a teacher teaching students to read in the fence next door, and Jia Kui is eavesdropping outside. So I became familiar with the four books, five classics and even a hundred theories. The second story is that Xie Jia educated his son Jia Huangzhong in the Northern Song Dynasty. He moves books to Jia Huangzhong every day to compare his height, which means that the books he reads are almost the same height, and he does well. Xie Jia's educational method created the allusion that "works are equally important". These two stories not only prove that Jia people attach importance to education, but also create methods in the process of education. Jiayi's father is also a typical example who attaches great importance to education. When Jia Yi was very young, he learned a lot of knowledge and worshipped many famous teachers. Therefore, Jia Yi is not only a scholar, a scholar, a legalist, but also a current political and economic researcher.

The second feature: Jia's historical figures are very top-notch. At this point, many surnames are not comparable, which is worthy of Jia's pride. For example, Jia Yi's political thesis is the peak of history, and no one has surpassed it so far; In water conservancy science, Jia produced two great figures, one was Jia Zhen in the Western Han Dynasty, and the other was Jia Lu in the Yuan Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Fu's general courage and political ability of "breaking through thousands of miles with one effort" on the battlefield were among the best in "Twenty-eight Hostels"; Jia Kui established the status of China's classical studies and made it glow again. Jia Kui also made important contributions to astronomy and history. It is well known that Jia Xu's strategy during the Three Kingdoms period was very prominent in history. Jia Chong and Jia Nanfeng's father and daughter had extraordinary political wisdom in the Western Jin Dynasty. Hui Yuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the most famous monks in the early Buddhist history of China. Jia Bizhi was the originator of China's genealogy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Genealogy, national history and local chronicles are the three pillars of China history; Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty was an outstanding agronomist in ancient China. Many of his agricultural knowledge in Qi Shu Yao Min is still used today. Jia Dan was not only a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty, but also a rare geographer in the history of China. Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has a unique poetic style, and the word "scrutiny" created by him and Han Yu, a great writer, has been passed down through the ages. Jia Changchao was a famous politician and scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. After his death, the emperor wrote on the tombstone: "A great scholar." Jia Sidao was a famous prime minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. Jia Jun, a famous honest and virtuous minister in Ming Dynasty, a second-class official who won the appreciation of the emperor, and Jia Sanjin, a famous writer; When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, Jia Zhen's bravery at Tiananmen Gate in Qing Dynasty was rare in the world. Because of the outstanding figures mentioned above, many of them have been selected into contemporary national textbooks for students to learn.

The third feature: the knowledge and cultural structure of Jia historical figures is very complicated. Set a variety of knowledge and culture in one, and become a "three-dimensional" talent. Only when you are rich and honest can you be deeply rooted. In other words, the ancients said that "the land is rich and rich, the sky is smart, and it has a long history." Jia people have many "profound" and "learned" talents. For example, Jia Yi is not only a thinker and politician, but also a historian and writer. His bird-catching Fu is full of dialectical philosophical thoughts, and On Qin and Public Security Policy are the best specimens of seeking truth from facts. Jia Kui was both a strategist and an outstanding politician in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Cao spoke highly of his outstanding achievements in local governance. Jia Chong was not only a famous politician in the Western Jin Dynasty, but also a writer and jurist. In particular, he made laws and simplified them. His implementation was convenient and effective, and he was rewarded by the emperor. Jia Sibo and Jia Sitong in the Northern Wei Dynasty were brothers. Both of them were politicians and the most famous scholars in North Korea at that time. Jia Sibo also "worked as a grass official, was good at Ci Fu, and belonged to Confucianism in Wen Yuan." At the age of 2 1, he began to be an official in the imperial court, which was very appreciated by Emperor Xiaowen. He often followed the Crusades, and Emperor Xiaowen wrote a will before he died. The grandparents and grandchildren of Jia and Jia Zhi in Tang Dynasty were not only good at politics, but also made great achievements in literature and poetry. Besides being an official, Jia is also good at poetry and painting. In the Ming Dynasty, Jia Yong was both a politician and a scholar, and even the emperor praised his poems. On Jia Yong's 80th birthday, the emperor presented sheep, wine and other things, and set up a stone workshop called "Tianen Village Wen" in Dashi Street. It can be seen that Jia Yong's academic status in the emperor's heart is high; In the early Qing Dynasty, Jia Hanfu had profound attainments in military, political and cultural aspects.

Feature 4: The most outstanding figures of Jia family are concentrated in three fields: politics, military affairs and academics. Many politicians have exerted great influence in history. On the military side, a large number of cultural generals appeared, especially in the Yuan Dynasty, when the birth of General Jia reached its peak. There are many achievements in the research on historical figures of Jia surname, especially Jia Kui in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia in the Tang Dynasty, Jia Changchao in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jia Yong in the Ming Dynasty and Jia Zhen in the Qing Dynasty. They are all famous scholars in history. Relatively speaking, there are many talents in art, but few of them enter the first class. Unique in the field of art, only Jia Yi, Jia Dao and Jia Yingchong (Jia Fuxi) occupy a certain position in the history of China literature.

The fifth feature: historical figures of Jia surname have the virtue of the golden mean. Most of them are gentle, introverted, loyal, kind, respectful, generous and considerate, deal with the world wisely, be honest and loyal, be honest as officials, obey the law, be charitable and compassionate. Adhere to the past, be cautious in innovation, act steadily, be full of China spirit, have a deep foundation, and have typical Confucian ethics. For thousands of years, the development of Jia people has not led rebels, villains and extreme people. The reason for the formation of this cultural spirit phenomenon may come from the role of family traditional education. The good side of this temperament is that it is conducive to survival and is very suitable for development in peacetime; The disadvantage is the lack of pioneering and innovative spirit and adventurous spirit. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the characters in Jia's novels seem to be declining. Is it because of the lack of cultural spirit of innovation and adventure? Worth further discussion.

(C) China Jia's influence on the history of the motherland

In the process of social change and development, people are the decisive factor. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jia people have made great efforts to govern, strive for self-improvement and struggle hard, which has had an important impact on the historical development and evolution of China.

The political influence is remarkable. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, many people surnamed Jia were active in the political arena, displaying their wisdom and talents in different posts, industries and fields, leaving unforgettable historical deeds for future generations. In the subsequent historical period, the role of Jia surname is worth emphasizing.

The political influence of Jia family in Han Dynasty was brilliant. There were Jia Shan, Jia Yi, Jia Zhen and Jia Shou in the Western Han Dynasty, and Jia Fu, Jia Zong and Jia Kui in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of political ideas, Jia Shan and Jia Yi echoed each other from afar. Jia Shan wrote a letter to Yan Zhi, the Emperor of Han Dynasty, explaining the way to control chaos with the lessons of the demise of Qin State, while Jia Yi wrote a book "On Guo Qin" to remind Emperor of Han Dynasty not to repeat the mistakes of Qin State. In particular, Jia Yi's public security policy is an immortal article. The central problem of this theory is to consolidate feudal centralization, solve the problem of local power expansion and central confrontation, and finally lead to national turmoil and division. Feudalism began in the Qin Dynasty, and the time from the Qin Dynasty to the early years of the Western Han Dynasty was quite short. As the supreme ruler, the emperor has no experience of centralization, so it is necessary to solve this problem related to the long-term stability of the country from theory and practice. It can be said that Jia Yi was the first politician to pay attention to this important issue. The viewpoint in Jia Yi's article mainly suggests that the emperor should control the power of the prince to prevent vicious expansion from confronting the central government. Although due to the political situation at that time, Jia Yi's point of view was not immediately implemented, but the method always took precedence over the actual operation. Later, with the change of the situation, the measures proposed by Jia Yi were actively adopted by Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. In fact, Jia Yi's theory of strengthening centralization not only played a role in the Western Han Dynasty, but also inspired later feudal dynasties. Jia Fu was the founding hero of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He led troops to capture Hebei, put down the rebellion in Henan and then attacked Hebei. On the contrary, he pointed the finger at the emperor's restart and played an important role in many battles, such as attacking Yecheng, attacking Luoyang and fighting the Red Eyebrow Army. After Emperor Guangwu unified the whole country, Jia Fu was named Houkou and Shiyi County in Jiaodong, which was the largest number of generals. Liu Xiu carried out the policy of "restraining war and cultivating self-cultivation, not supporting soldiers with heroes". Jia Fu automatically dismissed from office and took the lead in advocating Confucianism with Hou Dengyu of Gaomi. "Close the door to improve prestige and learn from the Book of Changes." At that time, the hero You Zhu and others recommended Jia Fu as the "Prime Minister", and Guangwudi strictly implemented the policy of "heroes don't need it", but disagreed with the recommendation of You Zhu and others, but still allowed Jia Fu, Deng Yu and Li Tong to participate in national policies, and Jia Fu was the most popular among heroes.

The influence of Jia surname was particularly prominent in the Western Jin Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms. Jia Xu, a great strategist, suggested that Zhang Xiu surrender to Cao Cao before the battle of Guandu. Later, Cao Cao fought Yuan Shao in Guandu, Ma Chao in Tongguan, and Han Sui and Cao Cao's successor were all planned by Jia Xu. Jia Xu made outstanding contributions to Cao Wei's unification of the area north of the Yangtze River and his resistance to Shu and Wu. What's more, Jia Xu didn't take credit for himself and make public. This Confucian lifestyle had a good influence on the later Jia family. Yi Zhongtian, a famous critic of the Three Kingdoms, commented in Lecture Room: "Jia Xu can assess the situation in troubled times. He lived the longest and saved his family. This is the real great wisdom. Jia Xu may be the smartest person in the Three Kingdoms period. " Jia Kui, a minister of both Jia Xu and Cao Cao, was outstanding in literature and military affairs. He became a model of court ministers at that time and was highly praised by many politicians and historians. The Jia family in the Western Jin Dynasty was very prominent, which was inseparable from the foundation laid by Jia Xu and Jia Kui. Jia Kui's son, Jia Chong, was the founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty, and later lived in the phase for a long time. Jia Chong made great contributions to help Sima political group defeat Cao Wei political group, pacify many major rebellions and govern the national government, which had a great influence in the history of China at that time. At the same time, Jia Chong's "elegant and long jurisprudence" has created a good experience for the legal system construction of later generations. Jia Chong's daughter Jia Nanfeng had a greater influence on the history of the Western Jin Dynasty. She is the queen of Sima Zhong, the Emperor of Jinhui. Because Sima Zhong was a very weak idiot emperor, Jia Nanfeng followed the example of the Empress Dowager in history to prevent the power of state affairs from declining. Objectively speaking, Jia Nanfeng has a considerable level of political skill. During his nearly ten years in power, with the help of Jia Xu's grandson Xu Da and other ministers, the political situation was basically stable. Later, because the Sima family did not want Jia Nanfeng to control the power of North Korea, they staged a coup, which led to the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty ("Eight Kings Rebellion") and even its demise. In history, later generations criticized Jia Nanfeng too harshly. In fact, it is difficult for many historical figures to judge right from wrong. In the feudal political society, it is completely unscrupulous to seize the highest political power. Whoever wins has the right to explain the truth. The so-called "success is also a loss of princes and thieves" is the truth.

The influence of science and technology is very prominent. In ancient China, Jia people gave birth to a group of scientific masters, which attracted great attention among the whole Chinese nation. In the field of water conservancy science, Jia Jean at the end of the Western Han Dynasty was the earliest scientist to control the Yellow River flood in the history of China. In view of the frequent floods of the Yellow River in Han Dynasty, he put forward three different comprehensive countermeasures to control the Yellow River, that is, "widening the river to control floods". The best policy is to change the river for flood detention, the middle policy is to build canals to divert water, and the worst policy is to build old dikes. Jia rang also made a comparative choice and evaluation. Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded Jia Rang's Three Strategies for River Management in Hanshu with a length of 65,438+10,000 words. In Gouzhi, it had a far-reaching impact on river management in later generations. Jia Lu's achievements in river management in Yuan Dynasty were highly praised at that time and later generations, and Shun Di awarded him Dr. Rong Lu and Master Ji Xian. He also ordered Ouyang Xuan, an academician, to write the Peace Monument, which recorded Jia Lu's achievements in river management. The inscription reads: "Luneng is both wise and brave, not afraid of difficulties and dangers, not afraid of ridicule and criticism", "Lu knows river affairs, so he did it". A Qing Xu Gan once said, "Those who can talk about the river in ancient times are Jia Jean of the Han Dynasty and Jia Lu of the Yuan Dynasty". Jin Fu, a water conservancy expert in Qing Dynasty, praised Jia Lu's method of blocking the crevasse river with a stone boat levee: "Jia Lu's intelligence and wisdom are unparalleled, and his playing speed is unprecedented." In memory of him, there are two rivers in Lu Yu named Jia Luhe.

In astronomy and mathematics, the four-year calendar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which Jia Kui participated in the revision, has made remarkable progress compared with the previous calendars. There are three important achievements in Jia Kui's astronomical research. First of all, the statement that the winter solstice is the beginning of morning glory is clearly denied, and it is determined that the winter solstice is one of the second1th four divisions. This prepared for the discovery of precession (moving westward year by year from winter solstice). Second, it is advocated to calculate the orbit of the sun and the moon with ecliptic coordinates, and it is considered that there will be errors in calculating with equatorial coordinates. His research results and suggestions were adopted. In July of the fifteenth year of Yongyuan (A.D. 103), "Imperial edict was issued for Taishi ecliptic bronzes." Thirdly, it is believed that historians at that time "pushed the new moon, string, moon and eclipse to overtime, and the rate was much wrong, because they didn't know the meaning of the disease at the end of the month", and clearly pointed out that the disease at the end of the month "moved three times in January because of the distance between the street and the moon, and recovered at the age of nine." These important discoveries have been confirmed by later generations. Jia Xian, a famous mathematician in the Northern Song Dynasty, created the "Jia Xian Triangle" and the multiplication and division method, that is, the positive root method for finding higher powers. This method was put forward more than 700 years before the conclusion of European mathematician Horner. Jia Xian's methods and fame spread all over the world. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there was a mathematician Jia Heng's All-round Collection of Algorithms, which was one of the 20 kinds of calculation books included in Yongle Dadian. Jia Buwei, an outstanding mathematician and astronomer at that time, came into being in the late Qing Dynasty. His main works include Entanglement and Revelation, Intercourse and Revelation, Pythagorean Extended Table of Integral, Calculation by Measurement Method, Book of Years, Algorithm, Ten Arithmetic, Convenient General Book and Full Map of the Yellow River, etc.

As far as agricultural science and technology are concerned, Jia Sixie's achievements in the Northern Wei Dynasty are almost household names. After years of investigation and study, he wrote a scientific masterpiece, Qi Yaomin's Book, which consists of 92 volumes and 10 volumes, with a text of about 70,000 words, more than 40,000 notes and more than * *1/10,000 words. The contents include the planting of various crops, the production of various economic trees, the utilization of wild plants, the feeding of livestock, poultry, fish and silkworms and the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as the processing, brewing and food processing of agricultural products, by-products and livestock products, and even the production of stationery and daily necessities. Almost all agricultural production activities are discussed in detail. For more than two thousand years, The Book of Qi Yaomin has played an important role in promoting the scientific development of rural economy in China. Science has no national boundaries, and Qi's techniques have spread to Japan and other countries, which has also promoted the production and processing of foreign crops.

In terms of geographical science, Jia Dan in Tang Dynasty was an outstanding figure in the history of geographical science in China. At the age of 55, he organized a painter to draw a map of China and foreigners at sea, which took 65,438+07 years to complete this huge map of China in Tang Dynasty. The history textbook commented: "This is another great map work of China after Pei Xiu, which is of great significance in the map history of China and the world." This painting is a comparison between ancient times and modern times, and it is painted in two colors. It has two characteristics: first, it pays attention to foreign parts, although it is interview materials, it pays attention to reality and corrects many mistakes; Second, pay attention to the textual research of historical geography. At the same time, ancient and modern place names are marked with different colors, and the place names at that time were written in red. This is an innovation in the history of maps, which was used by later map drawing and initiated the evolution of maps in China. The map of flowers in the sea is 3 feet wide and 33 feet vertical, with a scale of 1: 180000. The width is about 10 square abbot, which is 10 times larger than Pei Xiu's topographic abbot map, which shows that the project is huge.

Cultural and academic influence is commendable. Liking academic research, honing thoughts, pursuing truth and cultivating self-cultivation are the most typical and excellent temperament characteristics of Jia people. There are many literati in the past dynasties, and their writings are quite rich and far-reaching. Jia Hu in the Western Han Dynasty is an important successor of Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and he is as famous as Confucian scholar Liu Xin. He was learned all his life and had many disciples. At that time, the famous Confucian scholars in China studied Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals with Jia Hu in An and became famous doctors of the Five Classics. Jia Biao was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He created official script. China's genealogy was written for Jia's family. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Jia's genealogy experts came forth in large numbers, such as Jia Feizhi, Jia Xijing, Jia Zhi, Jia Guan and so on. They all had a large number of genealogy works. Jia was an expert on "Three Rites" in Tang Dynasty, and Wei Jia was a famous historian in the Five Dynasties. He is a descendant of Jia Dan, and he is the author of Supplement to the Year of the Tang Dynasty, and also the main author of Old Book of the Tang Dynasty. Jia Changchao was the great-grandson of Wei Jia in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he was indeed a family of literati. Jia Changchao is the author of 122 volumes, such as "Discrimination of Group Classics and Group Sounds", "General Rules and Four Seasons" and "Collection of Memories". Up to now, many scholars have studied his "distinguishing sounds from classics". Jia An was a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is good at talking, with 30 volumes of collected works. Jia Sibo and Jia Sitong were famous Confucian masters in the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Jia Sibo was a lecturer, he taught Emperor Su Zong to read Du Chunqiu, saying, "Make a promise and apply benevolence and righteousness, but aim high." Although he is a senior official, he is still diligent and tireless, and he can "bend down as a courtier". Although he is in the street, he must "stop and dismount. He is never tired of being seduced." Jia sitong is also proficient in Du Chunqiu, and he wrote Du Chunqiu's Discrimination. He once debated the Spring and Autumn Annals with Wei Jilong, a scholar at that time, with a reciprocating manuscript volume of 65,438+00 volumes. The remarkable achievements of the Northern Wei Dynasty laid the foundation for the unification of China in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was inseparable from attaching importance to culture. Jia Fu, Jia Wenbei and his son, Jia Juzhen, Jia Jun and Jia Lu were all famous intellectuals at that time. Jia Sanjin had a profound influence on his cultural behavior in the Ming Dynasty, and many scholars have studied him so far. In the Qing Dynasty, Jia Hanfu was not only a scholar-type minister, but also implemented many specific cultural constructions, such as compiling many provincial chronicles, establishing academies, opening schools, and engraving the stone classics of Mencius. Jia Zhen, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, was respectful and knowledgeable. After his death, he got a shirt, a gift for Pacific Insurance Company, a shrine for immortals and a funeral.

Among the main traditional cultural trends formed by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in China, Jia people have dazzling constellations in historical time and space in every cultural system. Confucianism is represented by Jia Kui in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism by Jia Shanxiang in the Song Dynasty, and Buddhism by Hui Yuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Jia Yi, on the other hand, combines Confucianism, Taoism, law, history and philosophy into a vast river, which is the most dazzling constellation among Jia surnames. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jia Kui was known as "learning Confucianism" because of his rich works. He wrote the classic meaning of1100,000 words, and wrote 9 poems, ode, foam, books, and wine orders, all of which were "learned by scholars". His representative works include 30 left biographical comments and 2 1 putonghua comments. In addition, there are 20 volumes of Zuo's Long Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period, 3 volumes of similarities and differences of ancient books in Shangshu, 10 volumes of Mao's Poems with Miscellaneous Meanings and Zhou Guanshi. Jia Kui experienced three emperors of Ming, Zhang and He in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was well received. The history book says: "Most people who wrote Zuo's were born in, while Jia Kui wrote his father's works, so there was Zheng He and Jia Zhixue." Fan Wei, the author of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, said: "Zheng He and Jia studied for hundreds of years, so they became Confucianism." Xu Shen, who wrote Shuo Wen Jie Zi, is Jia Kui's high foot. Jia Shanxiang, a famous Taoist in the Northern Song Dynasty, occupies a certain position in the history of Taoism in China. He once explained "Taishang Cave, the mysterious treasure capital of Ren Jing" in Bozhou Taiqing Palace. Zuo Jie's supervisor Ren Daoguan signed a contract with him to confer the title of "Master of Advocacy for Morality and Understanding". He is the author of The Legend of Youlong, The Straight Voice of the South China True Classics, The Taoist Priest's Becoming a Monk, The Legend of Gao Dao and so on. Hui Yuan, a superstar in the history of Buddhism in China, was born in a scholarly family for generations. He is the founder of Pure Land Sect of Buddhism. His behavior of protecting the dignity of Buddhism and monks, his prosperous and powerful spirit, his courtesy to Brahma monks and his achievements in translating Buddhist scriptures have had a far-reaching impact on the Buddhist community. Today, Pure Land Sect is still an important school of Buddhism, which is very active. Jia Yi's academic culture is different from that of experts such as Jia Kui. He is a great scholar, but he has no monograph. Only Jia Yi's new book has been handed down from generation to generation. His characteristic is to apply the culture he has mastered and accumulated to the realistic national political management, which is the concrete application and practice of saving the world university. We can see that behind a series of great works, such as On Qin and Public Security Policy, there is an ocean of knowledge and culture, which is profound and connected with the sky. There is no doubt that Jia Yi's way of understanding things and the cultural spirit shown by his personality have far-reaching influence on later generations.

The influence of literature and art is remarkable. Mainly Jia Yi's prose and Jia Dao's poetry.

Jia Yi's political essays emphasize emotion and momentum, and use a lot of parallelism and duality, exaggeration and exaggeration, frankness and eagerness, and threatening words; Repeated use of contrast should be set off, logical and incisive. Sun Yuefeng, a famous scholar and literary critic in Ming Dynasty, quoted and commented in Notes on Selected Works of Zhaoming: "There are all kinds of strange words and sentences in the middle, but they are carried out in a rough and bold spirit, but the readers are unstoppable and delicate and realistic." This language is influenced by Ci Fu, and its style is quite a legacy of Warring States rhetoric.

Jia Yi's prose was very famous in the Han Dynasty. Liu Xiang-⑦ once commented: "Jia's three generations and Qin's intention to control the chaos were beautiful and accessible countries, although the management of ancient Yihe failed." Jia Yi's prose embodies the intellectuals' attitude towards life and high-spirited spirit during the establishment of the unified feudal empire in the early Han Dynasty, and represents the highest achievement of political papers in the early Han Dynasty. For later generations, as Lu Xun said in the Outline of China Literature History, "They are all masterpieces of the Western Han Dynasty and have a far-reaching impact on later generations." The political and historical essays in the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties are all influenced by it.