What should I pay attention to when transplanting pepper seedlings?

It is best to choose rainy days when transplanting pepper seedlings, because it is necessary to avoid strong light exposure after transplanting. It takes a few days to slow down the seedling stage of pepper after transplanting, during which the root system of pepper is fragile, so the newly transplanted pepper seedlings are not suitable for water and fertilizer management and chemical spraying.

What should I pay attention to when transplanting pepper seedlings?

First of all, open-air pepper seedlings should not be transplanted blindly and prematurely.

Pepper is a warm crop and not cold-tolerant. The optimum temperature for its growth and development is 20 ~ 30℃. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, its growth is inhibited, and when the temperature is lower than 12℃ or higher than 35℃, it is easy to cause flower drop and fruit drop.

Therefore, we must not blindly transplant pepper in the open air in advance, but only when the soil temperature of 10 cm is stable above 15℃, which requires the daily average temperature to be stable above 17℃ for five consecutive days. Premature transplanting is not conducive to root development, and the growth of seedlings will be slow.

The average daily temperature in most areas of China's long summer solar terms is about 65438 08℃, which meets the demand of pepper growth. Therefore, it is advisable to cultivate pepper in the open air from the end of April to the beginning of May at the earliest.

Special attention: Pepper seedlings should be transplanted with more soil for careful handling. After planting, the soil should be thoroughly watered, and at the same time, a sunshade net or straw cover should be set for shading (within one week after transplanting) to prevent the seedlings from being sunburned. If pepper is transplanted in a large area, we can dip the roots with 800 times of 30% hymexazol wettable powder when transplanting pepper seedlings, which can greatly reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

If possible, it is best to cover with plastic film for cultivation. Plastic film can improve ground temperature, protect soil moisture and prevent waterlogging, improve fertilizer efficiency, prevent weeds, promote early maturity and high yield of pepper, and increase pepper yield by more than 30%. Open-air peppers are cultivated with plastic film mulching, so the transplanting date of seedlings can be advanced, and we can transplant them in mid-April.

The second is scientific fertilization.

As the saying goes: "Farming without fertilization is tantamount to chaos". Pepper is a fertilizer-loving plant, and it needs enough nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements in the growing period to meet the requirements of continuous flowering and fruiting of pepper. According to scientific research, 3.2 kg of nitrogen, 0.8 kg of phosphorus and 4.3 kg of potassium are needed for each 1000 kg of fresh pepper.

Although the demand for nitrogen fertilizer in pepper is relatively large, we must not apply nitrogen fertilizer in a partial way, which will easily lead to plant growth in vain and lead to pepper only growing stems and leaves without flowering and fruiting; Secondly, the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer in pepper is easy to lead to juicy stems and leaves, and plants are more prone to pests; In addition, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will also reduce the spicy taste of pepper, while application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer will make the spicy taste of pepper stronger.

So how should pepper be fertilized? The growth cycle of pepper is very long, so we should reapply base fertilizer when planting pepper. The base fertilizer should be mainly farmyard manure (farmyard manure has a long-lasting effect, complete nutrients, and can also improve the soil, which is beneficial to the development of plant roots). We can combine soil preparation, and apply 2000 kilograms of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 40 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and it is best to apply fertilizer in ditches or holes to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

After transplanting pepper seedlings 10 days, the plants have passed the slow seedling stage. At this time, we can topdressing 8 kg urea or 1000 kg decomposed dilute manure per mu to promote the vigorous growth of seedlings. When sweet pepper bears fruit, the plant changes from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the demand for nutrients is the highest. At this time, we can topdressing 25 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, and if conditions permit, we can cooperate with plant ash for topdressing, and the effect will be better.

Third, prevent premature senescence of plants.

The fruiting period of pepper is as long as 3 ~ 4 months. Once the plant ages prematurely (leaves lose their green color, leaves fall and roots are cut off), the continuous fruiting ability of the plant will be shortened and the yield of pepper will be seriously reduced.

In order to prevent premature senescence of pepper plants, we can spray "potassium dihydrogen phosphate+brassin" foliar fertilizer, in which potassium dihydrogen phosphate is an efficient phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, which can promote pepper flowering and pepper fruit expansion; Rutin is a green plant growth regulator, which can promote the growth of roots and seedlings, improve photosynthetic efficiency, prolong the picking period of pepper for 20 ~ 30 days and increase the yield of pepper by more than 30%.

Usage: In the peak period of pepper flowering and fruiting, 90g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.0 1% brassin15ml are sprayed with 30kg of clean water per mu once every 10 day and continuously for 2-3 times, which can significantly improve the yield and quality of pepper.

Fourth, prevent plants from waterlogging.

The root system of pepper plants is underdeveloped, which is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. During the growth period of pepper, it is advisable to keep the soil dry and wet, irrigate it with small water frequently, and avoid flooding with large water. Don't accumulate water in the field when planting peppers. People who suffer from waterlogging will cause flowers, leaves and fruits to fall off, and even cause the roots of plants to rot and die.

Note: In addition to sufficient planting water, slow seedling water can be poured on 7 ~ 10 days after planting, and fruit swelling water can be poured once when the door pepper is set, so as to promote the pepper to blossom and bear fruit. You don't need to water in cold and rainy days, but you can water more in high temperature and drought.

In order to prevent pepper plants from waterlogging, we can use high ridge cultivation when planting pepper, with ridge height of 20 cm, planting 2 rows per ridge, row spacing of 50 cm, plant spacing of 30 cm, and planting 2 plants per hole.

Fifth, learn to prune branches.

In the process of pepper growth, we only need to keep 3-4 strong branches. Cut off all the branches that are too dense, fruitless and below, and trim the old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves and diseased fruits as much as possible, which can not only reduce the waste of nutrition, but also improve the ventilation and light transmission in the field and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Scientific pruning of pepper plants is a very effective measure to increase production, which can increase the yield of pepper by 20% ~ 30%.

Planting time and seedling raising techniques

Reasonable planting time and correct seedling raising technology are necessary conditions for high yield of pepper planting. Let's take a look at the planting time and seedling raising technology of pepper.

1. Seedling raising time: If pepper is cultivated in the protected field in spring, it is usually planted in1-February.

2. Nursery facilities: solar greenhouse; Or a heat preservation type improved cup; Or plastic shed and small arch shed are covered with plastic film and grass curtain.

3. Seed treatment

① Seed soaking with chemicals: In order to prevent and control anthracnose, virus disease and bacterial spot disease of pepper, select high-quality and high-yield varieties. First, the seeds were pre-soaked in clear water for 5 hours, then taken out and drained several times, and then soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution, 10% trisodium phosphate solution and 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 10 minutes for disinfection and sterilization.

(2) Soaking seeds in conventional warm soup: the water consumption is 5 times that of seeds, and the seeds are poured into 55-degree water and stirred immediately, and then soaked for 8 hours after the water temperature drops to 30 degrees. The method has bactericidal effect on pepper scab and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

4. Accelerating germination: Wrap the soaked seeds with wet cloth and put them in a warm place to accelerate germination. Control 16- 18 hours at 28-30℃ and 16-20℃ every day for 6-8 hours. Turn it every 12 hour and rub it with warm water at 30℃ to make it evenly heated, which is beneficial to uniform and powerful germination. Generally, after 5-7 days, when the germination reaches more than 80%, the temperature can be reduced to 65438 00℃ or the seeds can be sown after 6-8 hours of low-temperature refining indoors.

5. Sowing: The best bed soil is the soil where solanaceous vegetables have not been planted for three years. Bed soil should be sieved, and high-quality organic fertilizer should be applied to every square meter of seedbed. The height of seedbed is 10 cm, and it should be flat. Before sowing, you should water your feet with water. After the water has completely penetrated, it should be covered with a layer of fine soil and the germinated seeds should be evenly scattered on it. After sowing, cover the soil by 5 mm, cover the plastic film and buckle the small arch shed in time, increase the temperature and moisture, and promote early emergence. After 70% seeds emerge, remove the plastic film in time, and cover them with 5 mm soil after all seeds emerge.

6. Intercropping: When the cotyledons of the seedlings are flattened, the seedlings should be thinned in time, and the weak seedlings that are too crowded, sick, deformed and poorly grown should be pulled out, and then covered with soil to protect the roots. Temperature management

25-30 degrees, maintain a high ground temperature, gradually reduce the greenhouse temperature and control irrigation before emergence 10 day, thus shortening the delay time of seedlings after planting.

7. Transplanting by dividing seedlings: When the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, transplant them according to the hole spacing of 7x7 cm, with 2-3 seedlings per hole, and cover and fill them with the prepared seedbed fine soil.