The slogan of spring water

From Tang Du Fu's Cold Food in the Boat.

In the cold, there is hardly a mouthful of rice, sitting on the ground, sitting on the ground, the crow is old, sewed many times, and wears a brown hat on his head.

Springs, rivers and rivers, so floating on a boat is like sitting on a cloud; My body is getting weaker and my eyesight is dim. The flowers on the shore look like a mist.

The listless curtains see butterflies dancing; Seagulls skimmed over the rapids.

Standing in the direction of Tanzhou, looking straight to Chang 'an, the sky is like a white cloud, and there is a Van Dory, suddenly worried.

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This poem was written by Du Fu during his stay in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan Province) more than half a year before his death, that is, in the spring of 770 A.D. (the fifth year of Dali). It shows his thoughts and feelings of staying in rivers and lakes in his later years and still deeply concerned about the safety of the Tang Dynasty.

Snacks refer to the day after cold food and the day before Qingming. From cold food to Qingming, the fire was banned for three days, so the first sentence said: "Good morning, the diet is still cold." During the festival, the poet refreshed himself to drink despite his serious illness. "Alcoholism" not only means that the sick body is intolerant of alcohol, but also reveals the reluctance to celebrate the holidays in drifting. This opening is a lyrical description of the scenery in the poem, and an internally related opening is arranged. The second sentence describes the lonely image of the poet on the ship. The title of "Guan Guan" was handed down as a crown made of feathers worn by Guan Zi, a hermit of Chu State, pointing out the identity of the author who lost his official position and was not used by the court. Down and out, there is no way to be an official, and he is still worried about the current situation and misses the court. This is the biggest injury of Du Fu. The "binge drinking" and "Guan Yu" in the first couplet just sum up the author's life experience at this time, and also contain endless bitterness in his life.

The second connection and the first connection vividly describe what the poet saw and felt on the ship, which is a famous sentence that has always been told. Zuo commented on these two sentences: spring has come, the water has risen, and the river has flowed, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; The poet is weak and his eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore seems to be separated by a layer of mist. Sitting in the sky and looking at flowers in the fog are very suitable for the old, weak and sick boats in reality, which gives readers a very real feeling; There is a layer of ethereal and ethereal in reality, which brings out the ups and downs of the author. The ups and downs of this emotion not only hurt the poet's later life, but also contained deeper feelings: the current situation is turbulent and unpredictable, just like looking at flowers in the fog, and the truth is hard to understand. Delicate and subtle brushwork shows the poet's deep anxiety, exquisite observation and expressive force.

The third sentence is about the scenery on the ship. The first sentence "Juanjuan is shooting butterflies" is a close-up view of the ship, so it is said that "it is too idle." The second sentence "patches of gulls" is the foreground outside the ship, so it is said that "it is rushing down". On the surface, it seems that it has nothing to do with up-and-down association, but it is not. These two sentences inherit the view that the water in the air is seen from the ship. The word "leisure" in the "leisure curtain" responds to the word "depression" in the second sentence of the first part. The curtains are idle and the boat is lonely, so butterflies are flying in the air. "Rapids" refers to the rapids in rivers. Pieces of Bai Ou are dancing briskly in the stream and drifting into the distance. It is this view that butterflies and seagulls move freely, which makes it easy for people to compare, and causes the author trapped on the ship to worry about "going straight north" and looking at Chang' an, and naturally transition to the tail end. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Qilong quoted a sentence from Zhu Han in Reading Interpretation: "Butterfly gulls are at ease, and the clouds are empty, worrying about the scenery." It also points out the connection between the third link and the last link in scenery and emotion.

The last two sentences of the poem are a collection of whole poems. The cloud says "white" and the mountain says "green", which is the natural scenery on the river in the spring of the Cold Food Festival. Wan Yuli draws the author's thoughts with cascading green hills and white clouds, paving the way for the conclusion. The sentence of "sad look" contains the thoughts and feelings of the whole poem, which embodies the deep grief over "straight north is Chang 'an". Pu Qilong said: "On a cloudy day, the white mountains and green waters should be auspicious, and" worrying about the north "should be hidden. "This is just a literal analysis of the dark stage of the beginning and the end. This sentence actually condenses the feelings in the boat, the feelings far and near, and even the poet's sad feelings about how difficult the current situation is, and sums up the whole poem with a word "sorrow", which not only ends the whole poem with dignity, but also has infinite affection. Therefore, Du Shi Jing Zhuan said that "the knot has a distant god".