How can teenagers prevent myopia?

Myopia can be prevented and controlled, but it cannot be cured. Please keep the following manual on myopia prevention and control.

1. Ensure more than 2 hours of outdoor activities every day

Outdoor activities are the simplest and most effective way to prevent myopia. Full exposure to sunlight can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of myopia.

1. School physical education classes and 30-minute breaks should be held outdoors.

2. Ensure more than 2 hours of outdoor activity time every day, and encourage myopic children and teenagers to have more than 3 hours of outdoor activity every day.

2. Maintain correct reading and writing postures

Good reading and writing habits can reduce eye fatigue and reduce excessive eye adjustment. The reading and writing posture should be "one foot, one punch, one inch": the eyes are about one foot (about 33 centimeters) away from the book, the body is about one fist away from the desk, and the fingers holding the pen are about one inch away from the pen tip.

3. Maintain good eye-use habits

1. Primary school students should control the time they continue to read and write. Primary school students in the lower grade should read and write continuously for no more than 20 minutes at a time, and primary school students in the upper grade should read and write continuously for no more than 30 minutes at a time. During breaks, you should go out of the classroom to do outdoor activities or look into the distance.

2. The academic pressure of middle school students is increasing and they should pay attention to the balance between work and rest. During school, they should make good time for breaks and physical education activities, and spend more time overlooking or doing outdoor activities. Try to participate in as many outdoor activities as possible after school and on weekends, actively participate in sports, and relieve stress in a timely manner. Keep in mind the "20-20-20" principle, use your eyes at close range for 20 minutes, and focus on distant objects 20 feet (6 meters) away for 20 seconds to relax your eyes.

3. Improper eye usage habits can easily lead to eye fatigue and damage vision. Do not read while walking, do not read while lying down or lying on your stomach, do not read in a shaking car, do not read in dim light, or do not read in strong direct sunlight.

4. Choose appropriate reading materials

Reading materials should be selected, and paper reading materials should not reflect light. The pictures and fonts of reading materials should not be too small, and choose matte paper reading materials. Reading materials for the lower grades of primary schools should mainly contain large fonts with pictures and text, while reading materials for the upper grades of primary schools should not have too small fonts.

For Chinese characters, letters and Arabic numerals in the main text, the font size used by the first and second grade students in primary school should be larger and should not be smaller than size 3; the font size used by third and fourth grade students in primary school should be no smaller than size 4; for other primary school, The font size used for junior high school and high school students should be no smaller than 4-point size.

As for the fonts of Chinese characters in the main text, the first and second graders of primary schools mainly use regular script; the third and fourth graders of primary schools gradually transition from regular script to Song style; the remaining elementary, junior high and high school grades mainly use Song script.

For empty space, the first and second grade of primary school should not be less than 5.0 mm; the third and fourth grade of primary school should not be less than 4.0 mm; and the other grades should not be less than 3.0 mm.

5. Scientific and reasonable use of electronic products

1. The daily online learning time for primary school students shall not exceed 2.5 hours, and each session shall not exceed 20 minutes; the time for middle school students shall not exceed 4 hours per day, and each session shall not exceed 4 hours. No more than 30 minutes.

2. The use of electronic products for non-study purposes should not exceed 15 minutes at a time and should not exceed 1 hour in total per day.

3. It is recommended that children aged 0 to 3 years old are prohibited from using mobile phones, computers and other video screens, and children aged 3 to 6 years old should also try to avoid contact and use. Childcare institutions should try to avoid using electronic screens for teaching.

6. Ensure adequate sleep and reasonable nutrition

Adequate sleep and reasonable nutrition are the basis for ensuring healthy vision. To ensure adequate sleep time every day, primary school students should get 10 hours, junior high school students 9 hours, and high school students 8 hours. The diet should be balanced and nutritious, not picky about food, not overeating, eat less sugar, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.

7. Use your eyes in a good visual environment

1. Place the desk next to the window so that the long axis of the desk is perpendicular to the window. When reading and writing during the day, natural light should come from Injection into the contralateral side of the writing hand.

2. If there is insufficient light when reading and writing during the day, you can place a desk lamp on the desk for auxiliary lighting, placed in front of the opposite side of the writing hand.

When reading and writing at night, use a desk lamp and a room ceiling lamp at the same time, and place the lamp correctly.

3. Home lighting sources should use three primary color light source lighting equipment, and the color temperature of table lamps should not exceed 4000K (sunlight one hour after sunrise is about 4000K).

8. Check vision regularly

1. Vision screening should be actively performed during the newborn health checkup, and refractive development files should be established for young children in a timely manner.

2. The vision and refractive development of children aged 4 to 6 years should be monitored regularly every 3 to 6 months. If problems are found, seek medical treatment promptly. Look for eye diseases and high-risk factors that affect children's visual development and intervene and correct them in a timely manner.

3. Primary, middle and high school students aged 6 to 16 years old should undergo vision examinations 2-4 times a year, and if any abnormalities are found, go to a regular hospital for treatment in a timely manner.

4. After myopia is corrected by wearing glasses, you should review it regularly, and try to review it every six months to control the development of myopia and avoid becoming a high degree of myopia.