How to teach ancient Chinese poems in primary schools

The main purpose of teaching ancient poetry at the primary school level is to allow students to understand the richness and breadth of Chinese culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture. So how to teach ancient Chinese poetry in primary school? Come and learn with me.

How to teach ancient Chinese poetry in primary schools

1. Teach students how to learn ancient poetry

? It is better to teach a person to fish than to teach him to fish. A fish can only be saved for a short time, but teaching a man how to fish can save him for a lifetime. ? As said in "Laozi", teaching students how to learn ancient poetry is to teach students the key to the treasure house of ancient poetry. Here's what I do when teaching ancient poetry:

1. Analyze the title of the poem and know the poet: analyze the title of the poem and understand the author's writing style and creative background. This is very important for grasping the tone of the ancient poems learned, understanding the content of the ancient poems learned, and understanding the emotions of the ancient poems learned. It can be said to be the cornerstone of learning an ancient poem well.

2. Reading poetry and understanding the meaning of poetry: Through preview, students can read poetry thoroughly. On this basis, they can read the beauty of rhythm and music in ancient poetry. Understand the meaning of key words in ancient poems by combining annotations, dictionary and other methods. It should be noted that the two are integrated with each other. Reading poetry is an important way to understand the meaning of poetry. Understanding poetry can encourage students to read poetry better. These two points cannot be separated.

3. Entering the poetic realm and reciting poetry: After understanding the meaning of ancient poems, teachers must use appropriate methods and methods according to students’ cognitive levels and grade and class characteristics to guide students into the poetry situation.

2. Grasp the poet's thoughts and feelings

The "Primary School Chinese Curriculum Standards" clearly states: "Primary school is the basic stage of learning Chinese, and it is necessary to practice listening, speaking, reading and writing well." foundation, strengthen ideological education, and develop observation and thinking abilities. ?The ancient poems included in primary school Chinese textbooks are all selected based on the characteristics of children's physical and mental development. They can be roughly divided into the following categories: 1. Those that praise the great rivers, mountains and beautiful scenery of the motherland; 2. Those that describe natural scenery and chant the beauty of nature. Such as "The Goose" by Luo Binwang. Among them, "white hair floats on the green water, and anthurium stirs green waves". One sentence and a few words describe the goose's appearance and graceful swimming in the water vividly, thus cultivating children's love for small animals from an early age; 3. Praise for labor and the working people; 4. Expressing patriotism, family affection, friendship, and nostalgia, such as: The peach blossom pond in Li Bai's "A Gift to Wang Lun" is a thousand feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun's gift to me. ?Express the deep feelings between poets and friends. The teaching of these ancient poems can cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland and hometown and healthy emotions of loving relatives and friends from an early age.

3. Read the poems and let students appreciate the beauty of the language.

To appreciate the language, first read the poems. The language of ancient poetry is concise, implicit, and beautiful. Teachers should focus on key words and phrases to allow students to read the pronunciation of the characters, recognize the glyphs, and understand the meanings, and guide students to understand the language and understand the general meaning. For example, in Bai Juyi's poem "Recalling the South of the Yangtze River", by understanding the words "sunrise", "river flowers", and "river water", students will soon be able to grasp: the calm river water, the beautiful riverside scenery, It makes people feel broad-minded and the country is really picturesque! The text brings the students into a colorful world, and they go on a pleasant trip with the author to appreciate the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and to experience the author’s appreciation of the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The love for water covers the picture with the sunrise scenery, forming a seamless and leisurely artistic conception. In teaching, teachers should also guide students to chew on words, think carefully, and understand the poet's skills in practicing words and words. At the same time, teachers should guide the study of ancient poetry during teaching, provide guidance during lectures, and practice during guidance, so as to inspire students to understand and use the methods.

4. To learn ancient poetry, we need to read, memorize, write, draw and combine them.

The ancients had to recite hundreds of articles since they were young. This is the way the ancients have learned Chinese for thousands of years. experience. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a man named Dong Yu. He had a famous saying, "Read a hundred times, and righteousness will come to you." This is the reading method believed by the ancients.

There are two famous poems by Du Fu, which are called "Reading thousands of volumes, writing like a master". It means that if you read a lot of books, you will naturally be able to write good poems. This is the composition method believed by the ancients. So, what are the methods for reciting ancient poems?

1. Leading method. Some poems that have been memorized suddenly cannot be recalled. At this time, the teacher or classmate reminds the leading word, phrase, or sentence, and he can quickly continue.

2. Familiarize yourself with the chanting method. Let students try to involve multiple senses during the reading process. During the reading process, the ears, brain, mouth, and eyes coordinate their activities and read aloud. If they read more, they will naturally memorize it.

3. Questioning method. Teachers use questions to help students memorize according to the characteristics of students at each stage of school and the content of the poem.

How to understand the context of words in primary school Chinese

1. Rely on the text to enrich the connotation of words

When guiding students to understand and comprehend words, they should not just stay on the surface. To understand the content and meaning, we must rely on the text, put the words into the specific context of the text for taste and scrutiny, understand the potential and hidden deep meaning of the words, and appreciate the author's subtle intentions. For example, at the end of the teaching "The Gray Bird" (volume 1 of the third grade of the People's Education Press)? The next day, Lenin came to the birch tree and saw the gray bird singing happily on the branch again. When the word "jumping and jumping" in the sentence is used, I first guide the students to read the sentence and then think about what the word "jumping and jumping" in the sentence means. When the students express their understanding, I further guide the students to find which sentences in the text. Can it help us see the jumping bullfinch?

The students found the first natural paragraph of the text through reading aloud. They jumped back and forth among the branches and sang gracefully, which was very endearing. ?This sentence describes the jumping gray bird. I then asked: What words can make you feel the gray bird's "jumping and jumping"? The students found out by reading this sentence, "jumping back and forth", "singing gracefully". These words all mean that the gray bird is singing happily. Dance. To understand the word "jumping and jumping", I put it in the context of the full text and guide students to better understand and master it by connecting it with the above. Indeed, the understanding of the key sentences in the article can be explained by related sentences in the text. In teaching, we can guide students to start from the text as a whole and find the key sentences in order to understand the key sentences in the article.

2. Create situations and understand the meaning of words

In Chinese teaching, creating appropriate situations not only helps to understand words, but is also interesting and effective. For example, when teaching the lesson "Quarrel", the understanding of the word "by": When teaching this part, I created a situation. After quarreling with Clayty, how did I feel when I thought about my father's words? We said to each other: "I'll wait outside." How are you feeling, and then guide the students to find out? After all, I have something on my mind, and I didn't listen to a word of the teacher's homework. This sentence imagines my psychology at that time, so that students can more easily understand the usage of the word "下": It vividly expresses "my" hesitation, contradiction, and not knowing how to face my friends.

I create a specific context based on the teaching content, so that students can truly enter the text world through role experience in the context and vivid language practice. The inner meaning expressed by the words only needs a little guidance. , can be stored in the students’ brains. Not only can students easily understand the meaning of "close", but they can also appreciate the preciousness of friendship between classmates. When teaching "A Five-Star Red Flag", I shook my head, struggled to put on my coat, held the bright national flag, and staggered out to understand, stagger, and guide the students to imagine that I was drifting and in trouble. The situation at that time, the body was scarred, exhausted, hungry and exhausted.

Thus, when you realize that your body is crooked, your walking is unsteady, and you are swaying, it is called "staggering". Another example, "Mom's Bill"? After a while, with a pounding heart, he quietly approached his mother. To understand the word "creep on tiptoes", we can let students imagine how ashamed Little Peter was at that time. His movements must have been very light and slow, and he approached his mother with anxiety.

From this I realized that walking cautiously and taking very light steps is called "tiptoeing".

3. Linking to life, touching words and emotions

Linking to life situations means starting from students’ life experience and using their experiences and experiences in life to connect words and life. The connected channels arouse the images and emotions related to words in students' minds, make the content of words correspond to students' life experiences, and lead students to understand words in specific life situations. When teaching "She is my friend" to understand the word "imminent", first guide the students to imagine the little girl's situation at that time: the little girl was the most seriously injured, and if not rescued in time, she would die of shock and excessive bleeding. At that time, I added some information about people who went into shock or died due to excessive blood loss, and guided the students to connect with their own life experiences to understand that the little girl's blood transfusion was the key to saving her life, and it was urgent. In order to understand the meaning of "imminent" in the process of reading the text aloud. When students understand the meaning of words through reading materials and connecting them with their own life experiences, and at the same time touch the unique emotions contained in words and have a full-body experience, the understanding of words is also marked in the students' individual interpretation. of imprint.

4. Replace words to highlight the original meaning of the words

According to the language environment in which the words are located, replace the words you do not understand with words you understand. If it still makes sense, it is consistent The specific meaning of the locale, then this replaced word can be used as an explanation for the ununderstood word. When studying "The Mystery of the Moon", when night falls, a bright moon hangs in the high night sky. How many beautiful reveries has the bright moonlight caused in people? To understand the word "revelation", I guide the students to read this paragraph several times. Think about it while reading, and change "suddenly" to another word to see if it makes sense. In this way, students will naturally think of "imagination" and "fantasy", and the problem will be solved.

5. Clarify the context and explore the meaning of words

Understand the meaning of words according to the context of the article. It is quite troublesome to understand some words individually. If you think according to the context of the article, you can understand the meaning of the word smoothly. Because the meaning of words is often implicit in the context. For example, in the article "Precious Silence", "Children will feel love, but it is not enough." I want to find the extremely precious things hidden deep in their hearts that they are not aware of yet?. The word "extremely precious thing" in this passage is not easy for students to understand. If students are guided to clarify the context of the article, the students first answer the teacher's questions in unison: "Do your parents know when your birthday is?" It shows that students can feel the love their parents have for them. After reading the questions asked by the teacher later, you can understand that the teacher also wants to let students know how to repay their parents' love through this lesson. Therefore, this? What is hidden deep in the students' hearts, they still have The extremely precious thing that I don't realize is that the teacher wants students to know how to care about their parents and repay their parents' love.