Discussion on greening management of residential quarters

With the rapid development of urban housing economy, people pay more attention to the greening of real estate and the creation of natural environment such as landscape in addition to the factors such as building lots, housing prices, location and transportation in residential areas, thus putting forward new and higher requirements for the greening construction of residential areas. At present, people's requirements for living environment are no longer limited to simply beautifying flowers and planting grass, but need to be in a high-quality living environment that integrates nature, culture and art. Therefore, developers have gradually begun to pay attention to the construction of park greening, meet people's physiological and psychological needs for greening, and constantly innovate and strive for perfection to create a beautiful living environment. In the design of modern residential quarters, the greening rate is generally required to reach 30%, and even high-grade residential quarters should reach 50%-60%. This will increase the content and cost of future greening management.

Greening management is an important part of property management. Many property managers are often not very clear about the content and key points of greening management, so that greening management is ignored. Even in management, it is impossible to start or do things by experience. Parks with many greening projects can hire full-time landscaping personnel, while parks with few projects are allowed to grow naturally, mostly because of repairs, and few people can know how to maintain and manage them. In fact, seemingly simple greening contains many scientific principles. If we go against science and act only according to subjective wishes, especially personal wishes, it will cause great losses.

First, the current situation of green environment and design in residential areas

Despite the rapid development of modern residential areas, there are still many problems in the greening construction of residential areas, which can be summarized as follows:

1, the design and planning concept of greening for greening has universality. The design of some residential areas is rough, which only meets the requirements of specifications or greening laws and regulations, and lacks interesting and humanized sustainable greening space design. The greening of some communities even feels that people are excluded from the garden. Lawns, flower beds and green spaces are surrounded by iron fences and fences. Although the absolute coverage area of this greening is up to standard, its actual function of greening is far from playing its role, which is different from theme greening (that is, on the one hand, there is a central courtyard as a part of the community; On the other hand, extend the green to the outside of the window of every household, or let residents walk into the green to make it pleasant. ) on the contrary.

2. The greening design of the residential area is the same, and there is no personality. The greening of most residential areas has no characteristics and is not recognizable, so it is difficult for visiting guests to find their location quickly and accurately. Many of them are lawns, and there are a few cycads, rhododendrons or junipers in summer, red leaves and berberis in the middle, which makes them lack individuality, resulting in the same vegetation and spatial layout in residential areas, which obviously does not fully consider the psychological needs of residents. In fact, when developers pay attention to the green environment, they may wish to pay attention to the differences in the green environment, so that the real estate you develop can stand out from the many real estates and be easy to identify.

3. Greening pays too much attention to a single lawn and ignores the plant community. At present, there is a tendency to pursue a large area of lawn excessively in the greening of residential areas. It is actually unscientific to build lawns on a single scale. Compared with the plant community, the lawn is very ornamental, but not practical. Moreover, large-scale lawn maintenance and planting costs are high, and the future management and maintenance costs are also high, which will increase the economic burden of residents in residential areas. If one hectare of land is used for greening, if it is planned to be built into a lawn, it is necessary to buy about 200 kilograms of grass seeds, plus working hours such as sowing grass seeds, fertilizer, sand, red soil, lawn mulch, lawn sprinkler irrigation facilities, pruning, weeding, fertilization and pest control after lawn formation. And the cost is 65,430 for the same area of non-single lawn landscape (that is, the combined landscape of trees, shrubs, ground cover plants and herbal flowers).

4. The greening design is not harmonious with the maintenance after use. After many residential quarters were put into use, due to neglect of management and maintenance, the green environment was damaged and could not be maintained in time, and the water, electricity supply and solar facilities were out of touch, which seriously damaged the external environment of the residential quarters, thus greatly reducing the environmental quality of the residential quarters.

Second, the important role of residential greening

The greening of residential areas creates an environment full of life interest for people and is an important symbol of environmental quality. With the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, not only the residential building itself, but also the living environment is increasingly demanding. Therefore, the greening of residential areas plays an important role.

1, the greening of the community is mainly based on plants, which play a very good role in purifying the air and reducing the noise absorbed by dust, thus protecting the environment of the community. At the same time, it is also conducive to improving the microclimate, shading and cooling, preventing the sun from shining in the west, adjusting the temperature and reducing the wind speed, and promoting air exchange due to temperature difference when there is no wind in summer.

2.Orna's colorful flowers and trees, colorful plant arrangement, and a small number of architectural sketches and water bodies. And the use of plant materials to divide the space, increase the level, and beautify the face of residential areas, so that residential complexes are more lively. At the same time, plants can also be used to cover ugly and unsightly things.

3. Organize and attract residents' outdoor activities in a good green environment, so that the elderly and children can have their proper places in the nearby green space, enjoy leisure, watch activities and have social interaction, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health, enhance mutual understanding among residents and live in harmony. It is pleasing to the eye and refreshing to form a good psychological effect and create a good outdoor environment.

4. In the greening of residential areas, beautiful and economical plants are selected for layout, so that ornamental, functional and economical functions are combined and good benefits are achieved.

It can be seen that community greening is of great significance to the balance of urban artificial ecosystem, the beautification of urban appearance and the good effect on people's psychology. With the continuous improvement of people's aesthetic needs, the environmental landscape of residential areas began to show a diversified development trend, advocating simple and lively landscape design style. Environmental landscape also pays more attention to the comfort of residents' lives, which is not only appreciated by people, but also used by people.

Three, the principle of residential greening

In recent years, with the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the improvement of living environment requirements, more and more people begin to emphasize a new selection standard in the process of buying a house: landscape environment. That is, whether the natural landscape and human landscape in and around the residential area are rich, dynamic and in harmony with the ecology. This ecological concept of modern living has injected new content into the environmental design of the park. Therefore, the greening of residential areas should adhere to convenience, safety, neatness and environmental protection. Starting from giving full play to the functions of the park, we will build a comfortable, beautiful, leisure, healthy and energetic park green environment by building a high-grade and high-quality green environment. The selection of greening tree species in residential areas should follow the principle of adapting to local conditions and trees in suitable places.

Greening projects in residential areas generally include lawns, shrubs, trees and flowers. The setting of green planting requires overall art, coordinated layout, and as far as possible coordinated changes in the scenery of the four seasons. It is best to have flowers in all three seasons, with the combination of flowering and viewing flowers, fruits and leaves.

1, the greening configuration is mainly based on plant communities, giving consideration to lawns. In modern residential areas, plant community is the basis of green space environment, and plant landscape is the main body of greening. Therefore, trees, shrubs, herbaceous flowers and lianas should be organically combined to form an artificial garden plant community with rich and uncomplicated levels according to the similarity of their species and habits, so as to adapt to the natural environmental conditions in this area and bring the best ecological benefits into play. The best ecological benefit structure is arbor+shrub+grass (including ground cover and hedges), and the planting structure is arbor: shrub: grass: green land = 1: 6: 20: 29, which means that there should be 1 arbor, 6 shrubs (excluding hedges) and grass (including hedges) in 29㎡ green land. This planting structure can create the best ecological benefits, which not only saves land, but also produces the best environmental and ecological benefits.

2. The greening layout should give attention to both centralization and decentralization. Modern residential areas should pay more attention to residents' communication, exercise and rest. How to organize some beneficial outdoor activities around the park green space, enrich the life and close interpersonal relationship of park residents, we should consider the centralized central green space in planning and design. However, the centralized central green space environment is difficult to be quiet, feeling empty and complicated in personnel communication. It is inconvenient to manage in real life, which virtually alienates most residents in the park. In order to solve this contradiction, we should also consider designing some scattered green blocks in the greening design to form some relatively quiet spaces, which is conducive to the rest and life of the residents in the park.

3. The practicability and artistry of greening design. The greening of residential areas is different from the design of parks. In the design and construction of residential areas, attention should be paid to practical effects and aesthetic art. Modern residential area is an ecological living environment with nature as the main axis, which embodies people's emotional and cultural taste orientation. Therefore, it is necessary to combine humanistic connotation in the expression of landscape effect to create an interesting living space. In the planning and design, the residents' requirements should also be fully considered to meet the needs of children's play, elderly activities, drinking tea and playing chess, as well as residents' physical exercise and fitness.

4. The function and form of greening design are unified. The design must be carried out according to different climate characteristics, different residents' living habits and different outdoor activities. Trees, shrubs and lawns should have a reasonable proportion to achieve the best ecological and landscaping effects. Park greening design is a multi-dimensional three-dimensional space art design and a space environment design characterized by natural beauty. It has not only plane composition, but also three-dimensional composition, and it is also a plastic art integrating plants, architecture and sketches. Greening should have a unified form, and then seek changes in all parts in the unified form. We should make full use of design techniques such as contrast and harmony, rhythm and rhythm, and master-slave collocation to carry out planning and design.

5. Greening design should be adapted to local conditions and make good use of the situation. The greening of residential areas aims to meet the life of residents and create a warm home close to nature and good ecology in a noisy city. Based on the principle of economic application, it adapts measures to local conditions, uses it skillfully, makes full use of the original topography, and achieves the realm of integration of design and local customs and cultural atmosphere with the least investment and the simplest maintenance. Residential greening is closely related to residents' daily life, and it is more functional and practical.

6, residential green space planning should be people-oriented. The green space in the park is closest to the residents' life. Planning and design should not only consider the balance between plant configuration and building composition, but also consider the requirements of residents' life for ventilation, light and sunshine. The collocation of flowers and trees should be concise and lively, and the selection of tree species should be designed according to the three seasons and evergreen seasons, and different regions should be distinguished according to local conditions. In northern areas like Shenyang, the spring breeze in winter is very strong, and the sun in summer is burning. The basic form of greening design should be mixed level of arbor, shrub and grass, and it is not suitable to give priority to open lawn, and the evergreen tree species should be no less than 2/5. In addition, people-oriented is not to cater to people's current interests, but more importantly, to influence people, cultivate people and improve their level and taste through the environment.

7. Suitable sites and trees should be selected for the greening of residential areas. When building houses in residential parks, the original soil was greatly destroyed, construction waste was buried in situ, and the soil condition further deteriorated. Therefore, we should choose native tree species with poor tolerance, strong resistance and extensive management, and combine with planting fast-growing tree species to ensure the survival rate of planting and the early landscape of the environment. It is also necessary to consider the proper collocation of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and flowers, the collocation of fruit trees, medicinal materials and ornamental plants, and the application of various means of plane greening and three-dimensional greening.

Four, the choice and configuration of greening tree species in modern residential areas

The general principles for the selection of greening tree species in residential areas are:

1, the biological characteristics of plants should be fully considered, so it is suitable for the ground and trees. That is to say, according to natural conditions such as climate, soil and water, choose tree species that can grow healthily. The usual practice is to choose local tree species and local varieties.

2. It can maximize its use function and meet people's needs for life and rest.

V. Contents of greening management and maintenance in residential areas

The improvement of greening rate and the increase of greening varieties in residential quarters put forward new requirements for greening management in property management. Greening management is a seasonal job, and the contents of greening management and maintenance in residential areas include watering, opening nests and cultivating soil, pruning, fertilizing, weeding, pruning and budding, pest control, righting and replanting (seedling fee is extra). Only proper management and maintenance can ensure the green environment of the community, improve the environmental quality, and then realize the value-added of the property.

1, fertilization Fertilize regularly according to greening types and apply organic fertilizer to trees once a year; Shrubs, hedges and bag seedlings are fertilized once a quarter; Herbs are fertilized once a quarter. According to the variety, determine the amount of fertilization and adopt appropriate methods. For example, 0.25 kg of cake fertilizer is applied to each tree, and 0. 1 kg of compound fertilizer and mixed urea is applied to each tree. Cave application, spraying, water and fertilizer are used, and then soil is used to cover the tree, and the water penetration depth is greater than 10 cm. Shrubs, hedgerows, bagged seedlings and herbs are fertilized once every quarter, and urea mixed compound fertilizer 10kg is applied every 667m2. Fertilization methods such as spreading, water and fertilizer should be adopted.

2. Pruning and weeding. According to the specific situation of plant growth, determine the number of pruning. Keep trees growing naturally. Generally speaking, trees don't need pruning. Cut off the yellow branches, pests, shady branches and drooping branches that hinder traffic in time, and clean up the prunes in time. Remove weeds around the roots once a week to ensure that there are no weeds. Shrubs, hedges and bag seedlings need to be trimmed into circles, squares or cones. They should be repaired once a week and overhauled once a month. The cut should be smooth and beautiful, the trimmed objects should be removed in time, dead branches, pests and diseases should be cut off in time, the old, weak and sick plants should be replanted in time, and weeds should be removed once a week. Herbs should prune residual flowers and weeds once a week, and prune dead branches and yellow branches in time. Especially pruning in winter, and comprehensively pruning deciduous trees; Dead branches, residual branches, insect branches and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings should be pruned.

3, drenching water. Generally, plants should be watered after fertilization to ensure the effective absorption of fertilizer. Shrubs, hedges, bagged seedlings and herbs should be watered once every day within three hours after fertilization (except in rainy days). The water seepage depth is greater than 10 cm, which ensures that plants have sufficient water and are easy to grow. Pay attention to antifreeze and watering in winter green space. In addition to watering in time, drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

4. replant. Spring is a good time to plant trees. After the soil thaws, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Planning and design should be done well before planting trees and shrubs, and tree pits should be dug (planed) in advance, and the survival rate of seedlings should be improved with digging, transportation, planting and watering. Trees and shrubs have developed roots, strong growth, no pests and diseases, and the specifications and shapes meet the design requirements. Achieve the principles of vigorous growth, plump posture, excellent varieties and close seedling sources. Leaf-watching plants should have bright leaves and plump leaves. At the same time, the size of planting holes and planting grooves should be determined according to the root system of seedlings, the diameter of soil balls and soil conditions. Caves and troughs must be excavated vertically, with equal top and bottom. When planting, the varieties, specifications and planting positions of seedlings should be checked according to the requirements of design drawings. Conventional planting should be balanced and symmetrical. Trees planted along the street or in rows and columns should be lined up. The specifications of adjacent plants should be reasonably matched, and the height, trunk diameter and tree shape are similar. Trees planted should stand upright and not tilt. Attention should be paid to the reasonable orientation of the viewing surface and the suitable planting density. The row spacing of hedges should be even, and the plump side of the tree should be outward, which should be evenly matched according to the height of seedlings and the size of trunk. The hedges trimmed and formed in the nursery should be planted according to the shape and the same depth. When planting trees with soil balls, the non-perishable packaging must be removed. Precious tree species should take measures such as crown spraying, trunk moisturizing and root spraying with rooting hormone.

5. Pest control. The most common pests of trees include scale insects, moths and longicorn beetles. Winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of Dendrolimus punctatus can be dug out in the loose soil under the tree and burned to death. Controlling pests in winter often gets twice the result with half the effort. The prevention of pests and diseases should be carried out according to the season. For example, in the middle of 1 month, scale insects begin to move, but at this time they move slowly, so we can take the method of scraping the larvae on the trunk. March is a critical moment to control pests and diseases. Some seedlings appeared in sooty blotch, and Euonymus japonicus also appeared in sooty blotch (controlled by spraying pesticides such as cartap). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control moths. Cattle begin to move in April, and larvae can be removed by grafting knives or homemade steel wires, but the smaller the wound, the better. In the middle and late June, caterpillars enter the full incubation period, and measures should be taken in time. At present, the method of spraying 50% cartap emulsion to dilute 500 times is basically adopted.

In the 2 1 century, people-oriented residential areas combine economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits, breaking the concept of fixed planning and focusing on creating the best living environment and living conditions, so that the planning of parks meets the requirements of economic, environmental and social functions. With the increase of greening area, the greening management of residential quarters has gradually become specialized and has become a comprehensive subject of property management. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the importance of greening management and master greening skills.