All sentence patterns and grammar in the first volume of Oxford English in senior one.

(1) text

1. Preposition: in, in, under, behind, near, in, of

1).in means "in" and "in". For example:

In our class is in our class.

In my bag.

In the desk, in the desk.

In the classroom.

2). Open means "open". For example:

On the wall, on the wall

On the table.

On the blackboard, on the blackboard.

3).under means "under". For example:

Under the tree, under the tree.

Under the chair.

Under the bed.

The back means "back". For example:

Behind the door is behind the door

Behind the tree, behind the tree.

Near means "near". For example:

The desk near the teacher is next to the lecture desk.

Near the bed, near the bed.

6).at means "in ...". For example:

At school is at school.

At home at home

At the door, at the door

7).of means "de". For example:

A photo of our classroom, a photo of our classroom.

A map of China and a map of China.

2. Article 1:

The article usually precedes the defined noun and is used to indicate the person or thing the noun refers to. Articles can be divided into indefinite articles and definite articles. There are two forms of indefinite articles, namely a and an. A is used before words that start with consonant phonemes, such as a book; An is used before letters that start with vowels, such as apple.

A or an is used with a countable noun singular and generally refers to one of a certain class of people or things.

This is a cat.

This is a cat.

This is an English book.

This is an English book.

His father is a worker.

His father is a worker.

The can be used before countable nouns and uncountable nouns to indicate one or more specific people or things, and also refers to the above-mentioned people or things.

Who is the boy in the hat?

Who is the boy in the hat?

What can you see in the classroom?

-I saw a bag.

-Where's the bag?

-On the table.

What can you see in the classroom?

-I can see a schoolbag.

-Where's the schoolbag?

-On the table.

3. Some and any

(1) Use some in affirmative sentences. For example:

There are some books on the desk. There are some books on the desk.

Lucy has some good books. Lucy has some good books.

② Use any in interrogative sentences and negative sentences. For example:

Is there any ink in your pen? Is there any ink in your pen?

Do you have any brothers or sisters? You have brother and sister.

There is no water in the cup.

(2) Remember their special usage.

(1) Some of them can also be used in interrogative sentences that express the hope that the other party will give a positive reply or suggest or euphemistically request, and we will learn them soon. For example:

Do you want to eat some apples? Do you want to eat apples?

Any can also be used in affirmative sentences, meaning "any". For example:

Any one of us can do it. Any one of us can do it.

Some and any use is a frequent test site. I hope everyone can master the usage accurately.

4. Family

Family, as a whole, means "home", and the predicate verb be behind it is singular; If family is regarded as a family member, it should be understood as plural, and the predicate verb be should be used as are.

My family is a big family. My family is a big family.

My family are all at home now. My family are all at home now.

Family emphasizes a group composed of family members or members of this group. Home refers to the environment and place where an individual was born and raised. House refers to "home" and "house", focusing on the residential building itself.

His family are all workers. His family are all workers.

My home is in Beijing. My home is in Beijing.

He is not at home now. He is not at home now.

This is a picture of my family. This is a picture of my family.

5. usage of 5.little

A puppy, a little boy. Little is often used to modify living nouns.

But "little" can also be negative, using uncountable nouns to mean "small".

Time is running out. There is almost no time.

There is little water in the cup. There is little water in the cup.

(2) phrase

On the table.

Behind the chair, behind the chair.

Under the chair. Under the chair.

It's in her pencil box.

Close to the door is close to the door.

A picture of the classroom.

Look at the picture. Look at this picture.

The teacher's desk

A map of China and a map of China.

family tree

Please sit down, please sit down.

This way, this way

Two. daily expression

1. Come and meet my family.

2. Go and have a look. I think it's Li Lei.

3. Nice to meet you.

4. What can you see in this picture?

I can see a clock/some books.

5. Can you see an orange?

Yes, I can. No, I can't.

6. Where is Shenzhen?

It's near Hong Kong.

Let me see. let me think.

See here means "understand" and can't be translated as "see". For example:

8. Please sit down.

Seat stands for "seat", which is a noun. Have a seat means "sit down", or take a seat, which means the same as sitting down.

Three. grammar

1. Noun possessive case

If a noun wants to express all the relations with the nouns that follow, it usually uses the possessive form of the noun, which means "…". There are usually the following forms:

(1). Generally speaking, add "s" at the end of a word. For example:

Kate's father Kate's father

My mother's friend, my mother's friend.

(2) If the plural noun ends in S, just add "'". For example:

Teachers' Day

Boy's Game Boy's Game

(3) If plural nouns don't end with s, you should add "'s'". For example:

International Children's Day

Women's day

(4). It means two or more * * * Sometimes, all cases should be added to the following nouns. For example:

Lucy and Lily's Room Lucy and Lily's Room

Kate and Jim's father Kate and Jim's father

The possessive case of general animal and inanimate nouns does not add "'s" at the end, but is often expressed by the preposition of.

A map of China and a map of China.

Her cat's name, her cat's name

A photo of my family.

The bedroom door

2. Imperative sentences

Imperative sentences are mainly used to express the speaker's intentions, such as requests, orders, suggestions and exhortations. Imperative sentences generally have no subject and read in a falling tone. In order to make the tone euphemistic and polite, please is often added at the beginning or end of a sentence. At the end of a sentence, please is often preceded by a comma.

(1). Predicate verbs in imperative sentences and affirmative sentences all use verb prototypes.

Go and see. Go and have a look.

Please come in. Please come in.

(2) The negative form of imperative sentences often uses don't at the beginning of the sentence.

Don't read your book. Don't read.

Don't play on the road. Don't play on the road.

3. Sentence structure with be

Be has a sentence pattern of "you", which means "you".

The form of affirmative sentence is: There be+ noun (singular or plural)+adverbial of place or time.

To determine the singular and plural of the be verb, look at the first noun after be. When the connected subject is a singular or uncountable noun, the verb form of be is; When the subject of the connection is a plural noun, the be verb is are；; When there are more than two subjects after the be verb, the be verb and the nearest subject keep the same number. It means "there is someone or something somewhere". For example:

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.

There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.

The negative sentence of (1)there be is to add not after be.

The negative form is: yes+no+(any)+noun+locative adverbial.

There are no cats in the room. There are no cats in the room.

There are no books on the desk.

The interrogative sentence of there be sentence pattern refers to be:there+(any)+ noun+locative adverbial at the beginning of the sentence? Yes, there is. No, no/no.

Is there a dog in the photo? Is there a dog in the picture?

Yes, there is. Yes

-Is there a boat in the river? Are there any boats in the river?

-No, I didn't.

(3) Special question: How many ... are there (+adverbial of place)? "How many people or things are there in a certain place?" Answer with yes. ...

There is one. /There are two/three/some. . .

Sometimes you just answer with numbers. One. /two. . .

How many students are there in the classroom? How many students are there in the classroom?

-Just one. /There are nine. Only one. /There are nine.

(4) If nouns are uncountable, use: how many+uncountable nouns +there+ adverbial of place?

How much water is there in the cup? How much water is there in the cup?

How much food is there in the bowl? How much food is there in the bowl?