Urban management articles

The appearance of a city shows the image of the city. The implementation of urban management is the method to maintain the image of the city. Here are the urban management articles I compiled for you. I hope you like it.

Urban Management Articles: Urban Management Papers

Abstract: The Party’s report pointed out that strengthening social construction is an important guarantee for social harmony and stability. We must promote the construction of a harmonious socialist society from the perspective of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. That is to incorporate social management into legal empirical research, strengthen and innovate social management, and achieve the unification of social effects and legal effects.

Introduction

"The Spirit of the Laws" is a political and legal work that Montesquieu devoted his whole life to writing. It is the highest achievement of Montesquieu's political and legal theory. When it was introduced into China, its useful contributions to constitutional government were discussed by most scholars [1-3]. However, in fact, its empirical research method is that it has made great achievements in academic research, especially in legal research, and has great influence on the situation in the country. For China's urban management legal system in the transition period, empirical legal research methods can play an irreplaceable and important role in system construction and evaluation of legal application [4]. This article only studies "The Spirit of Law" from the perspective of research methods and explores the empirical research methods contained in it, in order to find inspiration and reference corresponding to the needs of China's urban management legal system construction.

1. The background of the empirical research of "The Spirit of Law"

Law is the most concentrated and concrete reflection and embodiment of economic life, social life and class relations. The study of law To analyze the method, we should put it under certain historical conditions and conduct objective historical analysis.

The emergence and development of "The Spirit of Discourse" first stem from its profound objective historical background, and also have a significant relationship with the author's era and his own growth experience. Montesquieu was born when the feudal autocracy in France was declining and the bourgeois revolution was brewing and maturing. As an observer who had experienced major historical events, Montesquieu could not help but think about the issues raised by the times. Although the class imprint of his family was deeply engraved on him, Montesquieu still tried to use objective overall, historical comparative empirical research methods to conduct objective research and description. As a political and legal work that Montesquieu devoted his whole life to writing, "The Spirit of the Laws" also has a unique and new approach.

Practice brings true knowledge, and the emergence and development of "The Spirit of Law" also stem from its profound social practice background. In 1728, the 39-year-old Montesquieu went abroad and began a long-distance academic trip, traveling all over Europe. During the journey, he learned in detail about the politics, laws, culture, and religious beliefs of each country. His rich political experience and long-term field investigations had a profound impact on the formation of his theory, allowing him to form his own unique research perspective and theoretical characteristics.

The inheritance of law is one of the most frequently used research methods by jurists throughout the ages. The emergence and development of the research method of "The Spirit of Law" also stems from its profound theoretical background. The ideological achievements of previous generations and contemporaries have a profound impact on the research methods of "The Spirit of Discourse". The research on natural law by scholars of the classical natural law school, Aristotle's epistemological philosophy, and the development of modern natural science have all had an impact on the overall, historical, comparative, and empirical research methods of "The Spirit of the Laws" .

2. Contents of the empirical research of "The Spirit of the Laws"

Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" uses a research method that is superior to its predecessors, that is, objective The overall, historical, comparative and empirical research methods make his legal treatises unprecedentedly scientific and practical.

(1) Objective and holistic empirical research method

Unlike the thinkers of the 17th and 18th centuries, Montesquieu did not think about the spirit of law in a vacuum, but thought deeply about it. Relying solidly on the analysis of raw materials, he draws conclusions based on historical data, travelers' records, or his own travels.

In terms of logical argumentation methods, Montesquieu changed the metaphysical method of abstract deduction and system construction before the 17th century, and replaced it with analysis, reduction, and rational reconstruction. He was no longer satisfied with the study of the law itself and the cumbersome interpretation of legal provisions, but connected the law with nature and society, taking the entire society and social phenomena as the research object. Law exists in society, so we cannot look at it in isolation, but must look at it from the perspective of its relationship with other things. If the law is regarded as a central thing, then other social objective factors related to it are indispensable factors that surround it and jointly constitute the entire society. If you want to study what the spirit of the law is, you must use The law is the center of the circle, and other objective social factors are radiated into the circle to form a whole. It is not only necessary to study the law directly through the discussion of the law itself, but also through other objective factors surrounding it that affect it and work together with it. The method of exploring social factors as a whole.

(2) Historical comparative empirical research methods

In terms of research methods, Montesquieu has begun to surpass all jurists in the 18th century. The legal theory of the 18th century had no historical basis and lacked historical foundation. This is why natural law theory was attacked by Western jurisprudence after the 19th century. However, Montesquieu used historical comparative empirical research methods to combine legal research with historical research. It was this method that gave Montesquieu's research strong empirical support, making the research more convincing. Strength is greatly enhanced. Later jurist Scrooge once said: When Montesquieu shouted, "We should use law to illustrate history, and history to illustrate law?" This precept has now become a recognized principle, he opened the door for science. A new perspective. He knew that these contents and materials had not yet been studied by any legal scholar using historical methods, which he had just adopted. ?[5] "The Spirit of Law" uses rich historical knowledge to conduct repeated and in-depth research on the laws of ancient Greece and Rome, the laws of various countries in the Middle Ages, and the laws of European countries at that time. This book It shows people a broad picture of the development and changes of political and legal systems in ancient and modern times.

3. The impact of the empirical research on "The Spirit of the Law" on later generations

(1) Legal research moves towards materialism

Application in legal research The objective, holistic and empirical research method has far-reaching milestone significance. It can be said that the legal theory has taken a step towards materialism through his hands. In the system he constructed, God was excluded, and there were only objective factors of society and nature. This theory was undoubtedly a bomb in an era when theology ruled everything, disintegrating the important fortress of feudalism, the rule of the church. Even today, the material provided by these objective factors is still worthy of our analysis and study.

(2) Expand the horizons of legal research and lay the foundation for the emergence of legal sociology. The famous contemporary French sociologist Raymond Aron pointed out: "A history of sociological thought begins with the study of Mendes Montesquieu may be confusing at first. In France, people usually regard him as the pioneer of sociology and Auguste Comte is the founder of sociology. In my eyes, Montesquieu is not a pioneer but a pioneer. Is one of the theorists of sociology. ?[6] At present, legal sociology has suddenly emerged and has become a prominent subject in the field of legal theory. However, for most scholars in the 17th and 18th centuries, law was just an incidental topic. It can be said that modern legal theory is a legal theory under political science.

(3) It had a direct impact on the positive school of law in the next century

Starting from Aristotle, political systems have been described and historically studied, but the overall In the Department of Political Science, normative research still dominates. In his two works, "Persian Letters" and "On the Causes of the Rise and Fall of Rome", Montesquieu has initially shown a relatively empirical research idea, while "The Spirit of the Laws" is just Make this idea richer and more specific.

As an important part of the development of human legal thought, "The Spirit of Law" can be regarded as a unique bourgeois legal work. This objective, holistic, historical and comparative empirical research method actually gives it unique characteristics, making it Stay young forever.

4. Reference significance for the legalization of urban management in my country

In recent years, legal empirical research has been in full swing in the West [7-9], and it has also emerged in our country. The status of research in legal research in Western countries and in my country is increasing. Speculative research focuses on rational constructive criticism, and empirical research methods have the function of making up for the shortcomings of speculative research and inheriting legal knowledge. Our country's current judgment on the legal system is still limited to "the good implementation of the law". "There is a law to abide by, there must be a law, and the law must be strictly enforced" has always been the most important criterion in our country's legal cause, but it does not matter whether the law itself is good or bad. But little thought was given to it. The empirical research method of "The Spirit of the Law" is also an inspiration to some Chinese jurists who focus on some abstract rights, culture, human rights and other legal terms and ignore the social reality of legal research methods [10]. Empirical research on law not only plays an increasingly important role in system construction, judicial and other aspects, but also provides impetus for academic changes. For China's legal system, which is in the transition stage, legal empirical research can play a significant role in guiding system construction and evaluating legal application.

At present, many problems have been exposed in urban management in our country, and the existing problems are obvious to all. The reasons for this phenomenon can be considered from many factors. Among them, the defects of the management model are one of the important factors that cause these problems. The existing legal means encounter many operational problems in specific practice. Urban management law enforcement is often in the balance between fairness and efficiency. , public welfare and private interests

It is difficult to balance the trade-offs, so the public lacks trust in it, and then doubts the legitimacy of its law enforcement, and the necessity and possibility of its management. Therefore, it is necessary to seek the mutual cooperation between social management means and legal means through empirical research.

There is no doubt that the inclusion of social management in empirical legal research comes from the social management needs of Chinese society, rather than some foreign classical theory. Empirical legal research on social management is, in a deeper sense, the construction of a more comprehensive view of the rule of law. Using empirical research and social science legal methods to study social management issues means that strengthening social management does not mean simply relying on legal constraints. To realize the legalization of social management, attaching importance to the research of social management issues in empirical legal research rather than just the research of judicial issues also means that the logic of governance should be observed and understood at a level as important as the logic of the rule of law. , this research has deeper theoretical significance. The specific technical routes are as follows:

The party’s report pointed out that strengthening social construction is an important guarantee for social harmony and stability. We must promote the construction of a harmonious socialist society from the perspective of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. That is to incorporate social management into legal empirical research, strengthen and innovate social management, and achieve the unification of social effects and legal effects.

Urban Management Articles: Urban Management Papers

Mobile stalls occupy roads and operate, which affects the city appearance, hinders traffic and damages the image of the city. It is the focus of urban management and administrative law enforcement and is also the key to urban management. ?Common problem? Because of its high mobility and recurrence, coupled with its multi-faceted effects and complex causes, it is difficult to cure. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important to study, analyze and solve this problem.

1. The causes and current situation of mobile stalls

Mobile stalls have a long history and the causes are complex. Taking our city as an example, there are about 1,000 mobile vendors operating in urban areas every day. They are mostly concentrated in front of schools, hospitals, shopping malls, residential areas, intersections and streets with busy traffic. These places have large populations, concentrated flow of people, and high demand. The quantity is large, so it is a "feng shui treasure" operated by mobile vendors. Especially during the peak hours when schools are out, government offices are off work, and citizens come and go, these mobile vendors compete for customers and block the roads tightly. The sounds of hawking, noise, and car horns are intertwined, making the road market extremely busy. .

There are five main categories of these vendors. One is laid-off workers. After the economic system transition and enterprise restructuring, a large number of laid-off workers were pushed into the society. Since these people were older, could not find a job for a while, had heavy family burdens, and could not sit idle at home, they chose this kind of low-investment, quick-return, high-risk Low small deals. The second is urban village residents. This group of people mainly rely on their geographical advantages to do small businesses. In particular, some middle-aged women and elderly people simply enclose the land and set up stalls in spring, summer, autumn and winter, all year round. The third is farmers close to the city. These farmers have a strong sense of small-scale farming. They need to pay various fees to sell the melons and vegetables grown in the fields in the market. They want to sell them at a high price, so they push the carts into the city and sell them along the way. The fourth is the elderly, weak, sick and disabled. Most of these people have no normal source of income, classify themselves as special citizens, and are eager for social relief. The fifth is the special group of people who come to cities to work. These personnel are complex, seeking refuge with relatives and friends, forming cliques, disobeying management, and even making unreasonable troubles and retaliating. Overall, these mobile vendors have one thing in common: they all belong to disadvantaged groups. When administering and punishing them, they usually vent their dissatisfaction and frustration on the spot, and push their full grievances to the law enforcement team members. They often use the method of "crying, making trouble, and lying down", which can easily arouse the sympathy of the onlookers. If they encounter instigators, law enforcement members will face siege, insults and even beatings. Law enforcement officers have only three options: first, dial 110 to call the police, but the fire far away cannot save the nearby fire; second, run away and passively give up law enforcement for the sake of personal safety; third, do not retaliate when scolded or hit. Since the establishment of the bureau in 2005, there have been two violent anti-law incidents, attracting more than 30 onlookers.

After some cases are sent to the public security organs, they are often left undisclosed due to difficulties in obtaining evidence and insufficient evidence. This weakens the authority of urban management and administrative law enforcement and dampens the enthusiasm of front-line law enforcement team members. Law enforcement has fallen into a passive position.

2. The main reason why it is difficult to manage

Why do mobile stalls remain high and in chaos repeatedly? While analyzing the superficial phenomena, there is a deep-seated problem before us. The question has to arouse deep thought.

First, the existence of mobile stalls has its rationality. Although mobile stalls hinder the appearance of the city, they are, after all, a product of the development stage of the market economy. They cater to people's consumption psychology, are in line with local consumption habits, and are also suitable for the consumption levels of many citizens. On the one hand, mobile stalls are very popular among consumers because of their convenience and benefit to the people; on the other hand, they can make up for the shortcomings of the market and satisfy the needs of urban residents for nearby shopping.

Secondly, there is a lack of professional market, resulting in no place to enter. Our city has a permanent population of 130,000 and a floating population of 10,000. The current market is far from meeting the needs of the masses. There are only three standardized markets built and in use in our city. One is the Trade City Wholesale Market, which was built more than ten years ago. It is the city's main vegetable wholesale market and also carries out small-scale retail sales. However, the service facilities in the market are incomplete and the sanitary environment is poor. One is the Trade City Central Market. The market was renovated in 2005. Various facilities are relatively complete, but there are problems with market extension. The other place is the Jinpingling Market. This market was built in 2007. The stalls of the original Huangshan Road Market were put into operation, which solved the problem of Huangshan Road Market occupying the road. These three markets are all invested and constructed by enterprises. There is a problem of high stall fees. Many vendors are unwilling to operate in the market. Especially in the Jintingling Market, in the second half of 2007, the phenomenon of stalls starting to leave the market began to appear. In addition, there are two road markets set up by the industrial and commercial department in the city, one is Haifeng Street Market, and the other is Xiaxi Market in the western section of the commercial street. The operation order of these two markets was chaotic, the market overflowed, traffic was often jammed, the sanitary conditions were extremely poor, and the public reacted strongly. Cities are expanding, population is increasing, and the contradiction between supply and demand calls for the market. Take the vegetable market spontaneously formed at the intersection of Huangshan Road and Xinhua Street. There are residential areas such as Xia Nan Xinfang District, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Family Dormitory Area, Xinyuan Community, Huangshan Road Government Dormitory Area, and Xinhua Community nearby, with as many as one, 20,000 people, which shows the huge potential market demand. Similar projects include the western section of Jianshe Street, Shengge Community, Huanjian Hotel, Qiujiawa Qiaotou, etc.

There are also some property management departments that have set up small markets in residential areas, such as Xiangyang Community. Due to restrictions on the site and other conditions, there are very few stalls. Some property management departments only charge fees but do not manage them, causing many stalls to overflow. In the management of mobile stalls, although the Municipal Law Enforcement Bureau has adopted various methods, whether it is squatting or surprise management, the vendors are optimistic about the market position and objective sales profits, and have been dealing with the law enforcement team members for a long time. They started a guerrilla war of "you advance and I retreat, you retreat and I advance", but it had very little effect and was difficult to stop.

Thirdly, failing to enter the market will affect the market construction process. In recent years, although some investors have set their sights on market construction, they have not made any major moves so far. Investors are worried that after the market is built, no one will come to operate it. In fact, operators who enter the market need to apply for a business license regardless of whether they make money or how much they make, and they need to regularly pay industrial and commercial, tax, health and other management fees, while mobile stalls do not need to apply for it. Furthermore, business owners must abide by some "rules" after entering the site. For example, if there is a shortage of goods, customers will come to you; if the quality is not guaranteed, customers will ask for returns or exchanges; if you are trying to attract customers, colleagues will have objections, etc. Not to mention the high cost of operating in the market, and the convenience of no mobile stalls. You can go wherever you can to sell. If you encounter law enforcement officers, you can turn around and run away, which saves you a lot of worries and troubles.

The fourth is the lack of law enforcement protection. When punishing natural persons, firstly, there is no follow-up guarantee. If the natural person does not accept the punishment, there is no other way. Because law enforcement officers do not have the right to check ID cards and do not even know the identity of the other party, law enforcement cannot proceed. Second, the law enforcement does not target the individual and has no deterrent effect. For example, when investigating and punishing illegal activities such as operating mobile vendors without a license, the law usually involves forcible bans or temporary seizure of items. There is no means of sanctioning the offenders and it cannot have the desired effect.

After the establishment of the Municipal Law Enforcement Bureau, although they tried their best to control it, mobile vendors, driven by interests, still lingered outside the market, and law enforcement still could not get out? Governance-rebound-govern again-rebound again? The strange circle.

3. Suggestions and Countermeasures

Managing mobile stalls is a professional, complex, and social system project. It must be done in accordance with objective laws and requires all functional departments and all The collective efforts of society. Below, based on the actual situation of our city, we briefly discuss a few points of understanding:

First, increase support for disadvantaged groups in social difficulties. It is necessary to effectively establish the "people-oriented" thinking, update the concept of law enforcement, expand training and employment channels, encourage them to start a business, change careers, and enter the market to operate, so as to fundamentally solve the life and employment problems of these people.

Secondly, strengthen exchanges and collaboration among departments such as urban planning, industrial and commercial management, administrative law enforcement, and property management. Strictly follow the laws of market economy and adhere to the principle of removing problems first and then blocking them, and treating both the symptoms and the root causes. Scientifically and rationally lay out and plan the market, standardize market management, increase supervision, and guide mobile vendors to enter the market for business operations. All functional departments must cooperate closely and perform their respective responsibilities to promote market standardization. When renovating urban villages, renovating old cities, and planning new residential areas, it is necessary to reserve market locations and build convenient markets; when renovating urban roads, appropriately reduce green land and use a small amount of space to set up morning and evening markets and fixed stalls.

Third, vigorously optimize the social security environment and law enforcement environment. Law enforcement officers have been fighting on the front line for many years, dealing with citizens and ordinary people all the time. They are at the intersection of various conflicts in society, and often encounter incidents of obstruction of law enforcement and violent resistance to the law. Therefore, it is crucial to win support from superiors and all sectors of society for urban management administrative law enforcement. It is necessary to increase the publicity of law enforcement and vigorously create a law enforcement environment with strong support from urban management law enforcement, public security law enforcement, court justice, and rectification departments.

Fourth, vigorously cultivate a dynamic law enforcement team. The vast number of law enforcement officers have been fighting on the front line all year round. There are no holidays or Sundays. The work is monotonous, they are often scolded, and they are in fear all day long. In addition, the work risks are high, the treatment is poor, and they are not respected. It is easy for law enforcement officers to feel depressed and war-weary. Only by vigorously implementing the "humanistic care" project and strengthening education on professional dignity can we protect and mobilize the enthusiasm of front-line personnel and maintain the vitality and vitality of this young law enforcement team.

Fifth, innovate law enforcement models and improve law enforcement effects. Based on the actual situation of our city, we have graded management of urban road sections, classifying Shengli Street, Yinjin Avenue, Outer Ring Road, Qingshan Road, Dongshan Road, and Shenzhen Road as first-class road sections to implement refined management; classifying Commercial Street, Xinhua Street, Tianjin Road sections such as Guangming Street, Jianshe Street, Huangshan Road, and Fushan Road are classified as Category II road sections and are subject to standardized management; other small streets, alleys, and urban-rural integration sections are classified as Category III road sections and are subject to humanized management. Promote the walking duty model, adopt a combination of blocking and dredging methods, and set up several convenience markets. The specific measures are as follows:

1. Refined management of Class I road sections. Highlight management details and strict management standards for first-class road sections. First, the staffing is refined. The first-class road sections are equipped with law enforcement personnel with high quality and strong sense of responsibility, and implement the "four fixed" management of fixed positions, fixed responsibilities, fixed standards, and fixed rewards and punishments to ensure that there are no delays in time and no dead ends in space; second, the business assessment is precise change. In order to achieve high standards for the management of Class I road sections and maintain long-term results, the business assessment of Class I road sections includes daily supervision, weekly reporting, monthly assessment, quarterly evaluation, and year-end comprehensive review

Assessment, use seamless management to maintain sustained results; third, refine the operating mechanism. Establish an internal cooperation mechanism, linkage mechanism, and rapid response mechanism among various departments and squadrons to ensure the high standards of first-class road section management in the shortest time, with the fewest links, and with the best results; fourth, work measures are refined. Carry out activities to create "model streets" and "demonstration roads" so that law enforcement officers can have role models to follow and goals to achieve.

2. Standardize the management of Class II road sections. Focus on the standardization of order and management on the second-class road sections, focusing on the problem of disorderly stalls with high frequency and high recurrence, and gradually promote the management experience of the first-class road sections to the second-class road sections to achieve the goal of gradually raising the standards and gradually moving towards the first-class road sections. The goal is to align the road sections. The first is the standardization of law enforcement, using law enforcement to ensure the implementation of standardized management standards for Class II road sections; the second is the standardization of stall management, relocating and banning stall groups on serious Class II road sections, and properly placing them in positions that do not affect the appearance and traffic of Class II road sections. Set up stalls for car repairs, cold drinks, newspapers, fruits, snacks, etc. to solve the practical difficulties of some business households. Stalls implement unified working tools and unified sanitation and cleaning, and strive to form a "one road, one style" pattern, turning difficulties into highlights.

3. The management of the third category road sections is humane. For the third category road sections, we emphasize humanized management, adhere to people-oriented and serve the people, and actively create conditions to meet the various needs of the general public on the basis of ensuring appearance order. In view of the unreasonable market setting in urban areas and the small number of convenience markets, combined with the fact that the three types of road sections are mainly located in small streets and alleys and close to residential areas, we conducted extensive investigations and research, scientific planning, and reasonable layout to set up several small convenience markets. , implement fixed time periods and fixed road section management, and adopt measures such as staggered time management and multiple shifts, which not only facilitate the daily life of citizens, but also solve the problem of stalls occupying road operations, not only ensure the appearance of the city, but also promote a prosperous economy.

Urban management article: Urban management still needs civilized management

A picture of Wuhan urban management cracking down on late-night snacks, and a deaf-mute diner was injured and hospitalized after trying to stop a fight, once again shocked the public. The attention of netizens has also pushed the special profession of urban management to the forefront of public opinion again.

Urban management has always been the envoy to maintain urban civilization, and has been frequently exposed due to improper law enforcement. From Nanjing's erroneous urban management to stepping on vendors, to Wenzhou's barbaric urban management beating a deaf-mute couple, to recent... The furious urban management kicked out the oil basin and scalded the young man. The scene after scene pointed directly at the urban management's law enforcement behavior, suddenly turning the urban management into a vicious class enemy who preyed on the common people.

As we all know, many countries do not have law enforcement teams like urban management. The police are responsible for urban management and law enforcement. The police not only manage criminal crimes and social security, but also control random stalls, parking, construction and wandering. , begging and other behaviors. In our country, before the 1990s, cities did not have urban management, and the power of urban management and law enforcement belonged to the police.

In 1997, the first urban management team was established on a pilot basis in Beijing, and was later promoted nationwide. However, due to problems such as unclear legal authorization, unclear scope of authority, and uneven personnel in urban management, there are many problems in the law enforcement process. Violent law enforcement and resistance to the law have been repeatedly staged, and people have complained repeatedly.

Of course, the urban management, who is bright on the outside but sour on the inside, also has its unspeakable secrets. Facing difficult merchants like "A Scholar Meets a Soldier" is like when the Wuhan Urban Management Bureau was cracking down on late-night snack shops. Because the night-time snack shop occupied the street and operated seriously, the urban management department tried to stop them many times but failed. Last night, the urban management department organized personnel to carry out key rectifications. The store staff did not cooperate with law enforcement and even stabbed two urban management personnel with kitchen knives. ?It can be said that being softer has no effect, but being tougher or a little rude will be accused of violent law enforcement and barbaric acts. Who knows, on the one hand, they represent the state power agency and the strong; on the other hand, they are the unarmed people. It's the weak one. Our usual approach to the weak is sympathy and pity, so the disparity in status is destined to push the "urban management" into the whirlpool of public opinion.

Of course, it is undeniable that the above-mentioned phenomenon is only an example and does not represent the working status of all law enforcement officers engaged in urban management work. However, as the saying goes, "a smelly fish stirs up the whole pot", if it is not treated Standardization and governance will not only cause people to lose trust in law enforcement agencies, but will also easily corrupt the morale, lead to bad teams, and form a bad "example" force, making this kind of violent and barbaric behavior "common practice."

To this end, the author believes that it is imperative to formulate and improve urban management laws and regulations, and advocate "civilized urban management". This can not only put necessary legal constraints on the privileged agencies, make the amount and intensity of their law enforcement more fair and transparent, and ensure the fairness and justice of law enforcement results; it can also make them have famous teachers and laws to follow, and avoid excessiveness in the law enforcement process. phenomenon occurs. At the same time, small traders and hawkers should also regulate their own behavior and should not place their stalls randomly in order to make small profits. This will not only damage the image of the city, but also give the urban management the opportunity to impose penalties.