3000-word construction internship report for college students

Part 1

1. Purpose of internship

Through exposure to and participation in practical work, enrich and expand one's knowledge, cultivate comprehensive application capabilities, and prepare for the future Go to work and lay the foundation.

2. Internship content

Participate in the operational internship of the entire process of surveying engineering, steel bar engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering, and masonry engineering, and learn the construction technology and construction of each type of work Organize management methods, learn and apply relevant engineering construction specifications and quality inspection and assessment standards, and learn how to handle technology during the construction process.

3. Overview of the internship

During the internship, abide by the safety rules and regulations of the internship unit and school, have a high attendance rate, actively consult the worker masters, be good at identifying problems, and apply the theories learned Knowledge, solve problems with the help of job site technicians. I have a very detailed understanding of steel bar engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering, etc., and at the same time carry out practical operations on some projects.

1. When using steel bars in steel bar engineering, the principle of inspection first before use must be adhered to; steel bars must have factory certificates and inspection reports, and can be used in projects only after passing the re-inspection according to national specifications. The steel bars are processed on site. The production and processing procedures are: mechanical installation of steel bars → butt welding of steel bars → taper thread processing → bending and forming → steel bar binding.

2. The formwork engineering formwork and its supports should be designed according to the engineering structure form, load size, foundation soil type, construction equipment and material supply and other conditions. The formwork and its supports should have sufficient load-bearing capacity, stiffness and stability, and can reliably withstand the weight of poured concrete, lateral pressure and construction loads. When pouring concrete, formwork and supports may expand (deform), run (displace) or even collapse under the action of concrete gravity, lateral pressure and construction load. In order to avoid accidents and ensure project quality and construction safety, requirements are put forward to observe and maintain the formwork and its supports and handle abnormal situations when they occur. 3. The strength grade of concrete in concrete engineering structures must meet the design requirements. Test specimens used to check the concrete strength of structural components should be randomly selected from the concrete pouring site.

Sampling and retention of test specimens should comply with the following regulations:

1. For every 100 trays of concrete with the same mix ratio of no more than 100m3, sampling must be done no less than once;

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2. When less than 100 trays of concrete with the same mix ratio are mixed in each working shift, sampling shall be conducted no less than once;

3. When a continuous pouring exceeds 100m3, the same mix ratio shall be taken. Concrete shall be sampled no less than once per 200m3;

4. Concrete shall be sampled no less than once for each floor and the same mix ratio;

5. Each sample shall be retained for at least one Group standard curing specimens, and the number of retained groups of specimens cured under the same conditions should be determined according to actual needs.

IV. Main Tasks of the Internship

Our main task for this internship is to understand the building types of the internship site, the nature, scale, building structure characteristics and construction conditions of the project, etc. content, understand the operating scope and procedures of different mechanical equipment, and ask for advice to understand what you see and don’t know. Try to participate in and understand the various preparations before and during the construction of the project, participate in the materials entering the construction site, collect relevant technical information, organize the construction internship diary, and do a good job in finishing the internship. We should understand or be familiar with the performance of mechanical equipment commonly used on construction sites. With various questions, we asked while visiting, trying to understand the commonly used mechanical equipment.

In order to understand the operating scope and procedures of different mechanical equipment, the operator carefully told us about the "double cone reversing discharge mixer" seen at the construction site, which is currently used in construction projects. A relatively common type of self-falling mixer, it mainly performs mixing operations based on the gravity mechanism. Observing, we can see that there are arc-shaped blades welded to the inner wall of the mixing drum. When the mixing drum rotates around the horizontal axis, the blades continuously lift the materials to a certain height, and then fall freely to mix with each other. Mainly used for mixing general aggregate plastic concrete.

7. Experience and gains from the internship

First of all, the gain from this internship is that I learned to adapt to the environment. Before I went to the construction site, I was able to survive the two-month internship. But through this internship, I adapted to this kind of construction site life. Although I may not necessarily work on a construction site in the future, after this period of training, I will have a hard-working perseverance no matter what kind of work I do in the future, and I will also learn to adapt to the environment. In addition, I learned about some issues that are different from those in school at the construction site, that is, I learned how to communicate with workers as a technician at the construction site. Secondly, through this internship, I have a deeper understanding of the relevant knowledge of engineering. It should be said that no matter how much professional knowledge you learn in school, it is only theoretical and is still somewhat different from reality. This internship has helped my drawing and drawing abilities to a certain extent. When reading pictures, I know where to pay attention and calculate carefully. Where on the structure should we consider safety issues during construction, and where should we consider actual construction issues when drawing. It can be constructed upon arrival and meets the specification requirements, achieving standardization of design and construction. Without this internship, I might have just copied the drawings from the book, and would not have considered too many issues, let alone whether my design can be constructed.

Although the construction site is hard, you can learn some practical things and exercise your practical ability to solve problems. For example: the wall will also shift, the height of the stairwell is not enough when setting up the stair formwork, there will be slight changes in the size and elevation of the balcony and bay windows, and many other problems that may occur during the project. Only through practice can we find the cause of the problem and find a solution.

In addition, by helping the document clerk fill in some information, I also have a certain understanding of filling in construction information, knowing when to fill in what information, who needs to sign, etc. These are things I have never been exposed to before. of.

8. Summary

This internship gave me a certain understanding of construction equipment, construction foundation, etc., which opened a way for us to learn professional knowledge in the future. Through observation, we Through questioning and other methods, we learned a lot of things we didn’t know before. In addition to construction knowledge, what impressed us most was the safety issue. Every construction unit has the slogan "Safety First". As engineering personnel, we should try our best to avoid safety accidents. We should not only strictly enforce rules and regulations, but also instill safety knowledge into employees and be responsible for their life safety.

Part 2

1. Project Introduction

The total construction area of ??the xxxx commercial housing project in xx City is approximately 34,760 square meters, with an 18-story main building and two underground floors. The underground garage construction area is 8901 square meters. The building structure safety level of this project is Level 2, and the frame earthquake resistance level is Level 4. The ±0.000 of this project is the Yellow Sea elevation of 6.950m. The underground garage uses bored piles, the concrete of the pile body is C25, the concrete of the bottom plate, stress reduction wall and roof adopts C30 impermeability grade S6; the concrete of the foundation and main body adopts C25. Decoration and decoration project: The floor is made of C20 fine stone concrete, and the interior wall is white latex paint; the exterior wall is made of waterproof paint and light steel keel dry-hanging granite surface; the roof is made of SBS waterproof membrane, 40-thick C20 fine stone concrete, etc.

The participating units of this project are as follows:

Construction unit: xxxx Enterprise Development Co., Ltd.

Design unit: xx Architectural Design Institute

Survey unit: xx City xxxx Survey Bureau Geological Exploration Engineering Company

Supervision unit: xx City Construction Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd.

Contracting unit: xxxxx Engineering General Contracting Co., Ltd.

Quality supervision agency: xxxx Quality Supervision Station

2. Internship content

(1) Templates

1. Types of templates and production methods,

2. Quality standards for installation of various structural formwork,

3. Quality standards for installation of cast-in-place structural formwork,

4. Removal of cast-in-place structural formwork Time and sequence,

5. Precautions for dismantling formwork,

6. Methods and requirements for cleaning, stacking and maintenance of formwork.

(2) Concrete

1. Types, specifications and mixing principles of mixers,

2. Types and scope of application of vibrators,

3. Conversion of construction mix proportions and content of signboards,

4. Setting and treatment of construction joints

5. Concrete maintenance methods and requirements ,

6. Causes and treatment methods of concrete surface defects,

7. Quality inspection content of concrete projects.

(3) Steel bars

1. Types and appearance characteristics of steel bars,

2. Welding methods and quality requirements of steel bars,

3. Cold working methods and processes for steel bars,

4. Methods and quality requirements for tying steel bars,

5. Overlap length requirements for tying steel bars,

6. Control methods for the thickness of protective layers of various components,

7. Master the recording methods and main contents of concealed projects.

3. Harvest and experience

Through nearly two months of internship and practice at the construction site, I can not only basically understand the drawings, but also participate in the drawing review. During the drawing review process, with the guidance of several engineers, I not only discovered the shortcomings and defects in the drawings, but also mastered the skills of drawing review, including the following points:

Before starting the project, you need to know Drawings, drawing review, and then joint review of drawings. If you have experience in understanding and reviewing drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Now I would like to talk about my experience in understanding and reviewing pictures for reference.

The procedures for drawing recognition and review are: familiarity with the functions of the proposed project, familiarity with the review of the plane dimensions of the project, review of the elevation dimensions of the project, checking for errors in the error-prone parts of the construction drawings, and checking for improvements. place.

1. Be familiar with the functions of the proposed project

After obtaining the drawings, first understand what the function of the project is, is it a workshop or an office building? Is it a shopping mall or a dormitory? After understanding the functions, think about some basic dimensions and decorations. For example, the floor of the toilet is usually covered with floor tiles and block wall skirts. The floor elevation of the toilet and balcony is usually a few centimeters lower. The size of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the equipment. Installation needs etc. Finally, read the construction instructions and become familiar with the project decoration situation.

2. Be familiar with and review the project plan dimensions

Construction plans generally have three dimensions. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the axis dimension, and the third dimension is the axis dimension. Lane dimensions are overall dimensions. Check whether the sum of the first dimensions is equal to the second dimension, and whether the sum of the second dimensions is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the side axis is the center line of the wall. The drawing custom of Guangdong Province is that the side axis is outside The outer edge of the wall. To read the dimensions of the project plan, first read the construction plan, then read the construction plan of the current floor, and finally read the water, electricity, air conditioning installation, equipment technology, and second decoration construction drawings to check whether they are consistent. After getting familiar with the floor dimensions, check whether it meets the usage requirements, such as checking whether the room layout is convenient for use, whether the lighting and ventilation are good, etc.

When reading the floor plan dimensions of the next floor, check for any inconsistencies with the previous floor.

3. Be familiar with and review the project elevation dimensions

Construction engineering drawings generally include front elevations, sectional elevations, and staircase sectional drawings. These drawings include engineering elevations. Dimensional information; the elevation of this floor is generally marked on the construction plan and construction plan; the beam surface elevation is generally indicated on the beam table; the elevation is generally indicated on the foundation drawings and other detailed drawings. Through these construction drawings, the elevation dimensions of the project can be grasped. The front elevation generally has three dimensions. The first is detailed dimensions such as the height of window sills and doors and windows. The second is the floor height dimension with the elevation marked. The third is the overall height. The inspection method is the same as the inspection of each dimension of the plane. Whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, and whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension. Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation is the same as the construction plan, and then check whether the elevation of the construction is consistent with the construction elevation. The elevation of each floor in the Jianshi drawing and the corresponding floor elevation in the Jieshi drawing should not be exactly the same, because the floor elevation of the floor in the Jianshi drawing is the elevation after the completion of the project, while the floor elevation in the Jieshi drawing is only the structural surface elevation, excluding decoration. The height of the floor plan, the elevation of the Jian Shi map on the same floor should be a few centimeters higher than the elevation of the Jie Shi map. Special attention should be paid to this point, because some construction drawings mark the construction icons high on the corresponding construction drawings. If you do not pay attention, errors will occur during construction.

After getting familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the top elevation of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the beam bottom on the floor above; check whether the horizontal dimensions and elevations of the stair steps are wrong, and check the vertical clearance dimensions under the ladder beams Whether it is greater than 2.1 meters, and whether there is a bumping phenomenon; when a terrace appears on the middle floor, check whether the terrace elevation is lower than indoors; check whether the floor of the toilet and bathroom floor is a few centimeters lower; if not, check whether there are anti-overflow measures; finally, check with the water, electricity and air conditioner Combine installation, equipment technology, and second decoration construction drawings to check whether the building height meets functional needs.

IV. Check the error-prone areas in the construction drawings for errors

After familiarizing yourself with the construction project dimensions, check the error-prone areas in the construction drawings for errors. The main inspection contents are as follows :

1. Check whether the slope of the concrete top of the parapet wall is facing inward.

2. Check whether there are beams under the brick wall.

3. For beams in the structural plane, whether all reinforcements are marked in the beam table.

4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than the height of the secondary beam.

5. When the spans of beams, slabs and columns are the same or similar, are there any large differences in reinforcement? If so, they need to be checked.

6. When beams and shear walls are arranged in the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.

7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column edge respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel to or coincident with the axis, and check whether the beam width protrudes outside the wall or column. If so, the design should be submitted deal with.

8. Check whether the minimum spacing of the stress-bearing steel bars of the beam meets the requirements of the construction acceptance specifications. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in the project, because the workers use ribless surfaces for bending during the steel bar processing, so The value of the steel bar diameter should be the original steel bar diameter plus about 21mm rib thickness.

9. Check whether there is an awning on the indoor door to the terrace, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door on the Jianshi drawing.

10. Are there any differences between the design requirements and the construction acceptance specifications? As often stated in the column table: less than 4 column bars on each side can be overlapped in the same section. However, the construction acceptance specifications require that the overlap area of ??steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50.

11. Check whether there are any contradictions between the structural description and the content in the structural plan, layout, beam and column tables, and the construction description.

12. A single foundation is stressed in two directions. The stress-bearing steel bars along the short side are generally placed on top of the long-side stress steel bars. Check whether the steel bars are drawn incorrectly in the foundation drawing of the construction drawing.

5. Review the original construction drawings for any improvements

Mainly review the original construction drawings from three aspects: conducive to the construction of the project, conducive to ensuring the construction quality, and conducive to the aesthetics of the project. Suggestions for improvement on construction drawings.

1. Propose opinions on improving the construction drawings from the perspective of being beneficial to the construction of the project

① On the structural plane, there will be situations where the adjacent spans of continuous frame beams are large. When the intermediate support has a negative bending moment When the reinforcements are anchored separately, the reinforcements at the beam-column joints will be too dense, making it difficult to pound concrete. It is recommended to the designer that the negative reinforcements should be connected as much as possible.

② When the negative reinforcement of the support is the full length, the steel bars on the beam surface with a smaller span beam width will be too dense, making it impossible to pound concrete. It is recommended that on the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, try to Keep the beam width of each span consistent, and only adjust the beam height to facilitate gluten connection and pouring of concrete.

③When the structural shape is complex and it is difficult to complete the construction of a certain part of the structure at one time, ask the designer how to retain the concrete construction joints.

④After the terrace surface elevation is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the terrace and this beam is connected to the interior, please design and handle whether the beam's stress-reinforcing bars are bent at the lowered place or anchored separately.

2. Put forward opinions on modifying the construction drawings from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of the construction project.

① When designing the ceiling plaster and wall plaster to use the same 1:1:6 mixed mortar, it is recommended to change the ceiling plaster to a 1:1:4 mixed mortar to increase the adhesion. .

② When the construction drawings do not indicate waterproof construction requirements for the elevator pit, toilet sinking tank, and firefighting pool, it may be recommended to add a cement mortar waterproof layer to the outer wall of the pit and the inner wall of the sinking pool to improve waterproofing. quality.

3. Propose improvements to the construction drawings from the aspects that are beneficial to the aesthetics of the building

① If the parapet of the terrace is connected to the exterior window, check whether the height of the parapet is higher than the window sill. If so, the joint is unsightly and it is recommended to design it.

② Check whether the color separation lines of the exterior wall decoration are connected. If not, it is recommended to close the opening at the inner corner; when there is no obvious dividing line between the exterior wall and the interior wall, ask the design and extend the wall decoration to the interior. Where is the most beautiful closing of the wall? Whether the top and bottom surfaces of the protruding parts of the exterior wall are decorated in the same way as the exterior wall.

③When the column cross-section size gradually decreases as the floor rises, if the column protrudes from the outer wall and becomes a facade decorative line, in order to make the line width consistent up and down, it is recommended that the column cross-section at the protruding part is not Zoom out.

④ When the columns are arranged at the corners of the brick wall on the building plane, and the brick wall corners are less than 90°, if the structural design still uses square columns, it is recommended to change the square to polygonal columns according to the building plane to avoid the column The corners protrude outside the wall, affecting use and appearance.

⑤When there is a frame column on the left side of the elevator lobby (front room) that protrudes 10 to 20cm from the wall, check whether the right column protrudes by the same size. If not, it is recommended to modify it to be symmetrical.

Follow the procedures of "familiar with the functions of the proposed project, familiar with the plan dimensions of the project, review the facade dimensions of the project, check whether there are errors in the error-prone parts of the construction drawings, and check whether there are any areas that need improvement" and According to the ideas, there will be a plan to comprehensively carry out the work of map recognition and review.

In the process of engineering construction, concrete is an important part of the entire project. The quality of concrete plays a key role. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the strength of concrete and its main influencing factors:

　1. Concrete strength and main influencing factors.

One of the main indicators of concrete quality is compressive strength. It is not difficult to see from the concrete strength expression that the compressive strength of concrete is directly proportional to the strength of water cement used in concrete. Calculated according to the formula, when the water-cement ratio is equal At the same time, the compressive strength of concrete prepared with high-grade cement is much higher than that of low-grade cement. Therefore, do not use the wrong cement grade during concrete construction. In addition, the water-cement ratio is also directly proportional to the strength of concrete. If the water-cement ratio is large, the strength of concrete will be high. If the water-cement ratio is small, the strength of concrete will be low. Therefore, when the water-cement ratio remains unchanged, an attempt is made to increase the cement dosage to increase the temperature of the concrete. The strength is wrong. At this time, it can only increase the workability of concrete and increase the shrinkage and deformation of concrete.

In summary, the main factors that affect the compressive strength of concrete are cement strength and water-cement ratio. To control the quality of concrete, the most important thing is to control the two main factors: cement and water-cement ratio. link. In addition, there are other factors that cannot be ignored that affect the strength of concrete.

Coarse aggregate also has a certain impact on the strength of concrete. When the strength of the stone is equal, the surface of the gravel is rougher than the surface of the pebbles, and its bonding with the cement mortar is stronger than that of the pebbles. When the water-cement ratio is equal or When the mix ratio is the same, the concrete strength of the concrete prepared from the two materials is stronger than that of gravel. Therefore, we generally control the coarse aggregate of concrete to about 3.2cm. The impact of fine aggregate types on concrete strength is smaller than that of coarse aggregate, so the concrete formula does not reflect the softness of the sand type, but the quality of the sand also has an impact on the quality of the concrete. certain influence. Therefore, the quality of sand and gravel must meet the requirements of the sand and gravel quality standards for each grade of concrete. Since the quality of sand and gravel at the construction site changes relatively greatly, on-site construction personnel must ensure the quality requirements of the sand and gravel, and promptly adjust the water-cement ratio according to the moisture content of the sand on site to ensure the concrete mix ratio. The experimental ratio cannot be compared with the construction ratio. Mixed together. The strength of concrete can only ensure normal development under temperature and humidity conditions. It should be maintained according to the provisions of construction specifications. The temperature has a certain impact on the development of concrete strength. It is necessary to keep warm in winter to prevent freezing damage, and to prevent exposure to sun and dehydration in summer. Nowadays, winter construction generally adopts comprehensive heat storage method and steam curing method.

2. The relationship between the concrete label and the average strength of concrete and its standard deviation.

The concrete grade is determined based on the average of the overall concrete standard strength distribution minus 1.645 times the standard value. This can ensure that the concrete determination has a 95% guarantee rate, and the probability of being lower than the standard value is no more than 5%, which fully guarantees the safety of the building. From this, it is inferred that the average concrete determination of several groups of specimens sampled must be greater than or equal to Concrete design number, its value depends on the construction quality - J90 quantity level, that is, it depends on the size. It can be seen from the formula calculation that the construction personnel must not only make the average concrete determination larger than the concrete grade, but more importantly, do everything possible to reduce the variability of the concrete determination, that is, try to reduce the concrete standard deviation to a lower value. In this way, both the The quality of the project also reduces the project cost.

3. Key links in concrete quality control

Concrete quality control includes two basic contents: (1) Make the concrete meet the quality standards required by the design. (2) Reduce costs as much as possible while meeting the quality indicators required by the design. These two requirements are actually to reduce the standard deviation of mud concrete as much as possible. The strength of concrete has a certain degree of discreteness, which is objective, but it can be controlled to a minimum through scientific management. Therefore, the standard deviation of concrete can reflect the actual management level of the construction unit. The higher the management level, the smaller the standard deviation. It can be said that concrete quality control is essentially the control of standard deviation.

In fact, the standard deviation should be controlled from the following aspects.

(1) Design a reasonable concrete mix ratio. A reasonable concrete mix ratio is determined by experiments in the laboratory. In addition to meeting the requirements for determination, durability and saving raw materials, it should also have the workability required for construction. Therefore, in order to design a reasonable ratio in the laboratory, qualified cement, sand, and stone must be provided. Cement controls strength, sand controls fineness, moisture content, mud content, etc., and stone controls moisture content, mud content, etc. Only when the materials meet the qualified requirements can a reasonable concrete mix ratio be made, construction can be carried out normally and reasonably, and the design and acceptance standards can be met.

(2) Correctly construct according to the design mix ratio. To construct according to the construction mix ratio, you must first measure the moisture content of sand and stone in time, and convert the design mix ratio into the construction mix ratio. Secondly, use weight ratio, not volume ratio. Finally, check in time whether the raw materials are consistent with the designed raw materials. This requires the supplier to provide two copies of the same material, one to the laboratory and one to the construction site. The construction site collects the materials. Personnel should receive materials according to the samples. If the incoming materials do not match the samples, they should immediately report to their superiors and change the mix ratio in a timely manner (except for unqualified materials that will not be accepted).

(3) Strengthen raw material management. Variations in concrete materials will affect the strength of concrete. Therefore, the receiving personnel should strictly control the quality and do not allow substandard products to enter the site. In addition, if they are inconsistent with the raw materials, they should report them in a timely manner and take corresponding measures to ensure the quality of the concrete.

(4) To measure the strength of concrete, we use the 28-day strength as the standard. For simplicity of construction and quality assurance, we generally do 7-day test blocks to measure the strength of the concrete according to its age as much as possible. its development to clearly determine its quality.

To sum up, we should control the quality of concrete from all aspects to ensure the quality of the entire project and to ensure the credibility and development of the enterprise.

Through nearly two months of internship, I realized the role of drawing review in the entire project. Finding problems during the drawing review will reduce the problems that will exist in the subsequent project construction process. Effective control of progress, quality, investment, etc. plays a key role. During the concrete construction process, effective control must be carried out to ensure the quality of the concrete, that is, the quality of the entire project.