Nutritional differences between wild mushrooms and artificial mushrooms

Generally speaking, wild mushrooms have higher nutritional value. Wild mushrooms generally grow in an environment suitable for their growth, but some nutrients will be lost during processing, which is no different from artificial breeding.

Vegetation process

The life history of Agaricus bisporus can be divided into mycelium stage and fruiting body stage, and fruiting body can also be divided into primordial stage, mushroom bud stage and mature stage [1].

Mycelial stage

After sowing, white hyphae slowly spread and grow in the medium until the whole medium is densely covered. This stage is called mycelium stage [1].

Primitive base period

The mycelium forms a mycelium layer in the covering layer, and then it is twisted into a white primordia the size of rice grains, which is called primordial stage. Generally, it appears about 15 days after covering the soil [1].

Mushroom bud stage

The primordium continues to grow into the shape of Agaricus bisporus, which is the budding stage of Agaricus bisporus. Generally, the primordium grows into [1] about 3 days after it is formed.

Growth stage

The growth period from mushroom bud formation to Agaricus bisporus harvesting is rapid at high temperature and slow at low temperature [1].

Planting technique

Select excellent strains

To ensure the yield and minimize the occurrence of pests and diseases, the first thing is to select excellent strains. For example, strain 36 is characterized by large fruiting body and low fruiting density, while strain 20 is characterized by small fruiting body and high fruiting density.

Optimize cultivation techniques

Agaricus bisporus is cultivated in a three-dimensional frame, and plastic nets are installed on the bedstead to lay cultivation materials, which can make full use of the space in the mushroom house. The culture material can be fermented for the second time, the raw materials can be fully decomposed, there are few pests and diseases, and the yield is high.

Stacking fermentation

The corncob (which had no mildew in the current year or the previous year) was crushed to the size of peanuts, and the ingredients according to the planting area of 100m2 were: 2200kg of corncob, 2200kg of dry cow dung, 50kg of urea 15kg, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of cooked gypsum powder and 0/00kg of dry lime powder.

1, prewetting

Pre-wet corncob and dried cow dung 3 days before stacking. Spread the bottom layer of corncob on the clean and tidy cement floor, cover it with a layer of dried cow dung, pile it into a pile with a height of 1m and unlimited length, and pour lime water with a pH of 8.5 every day until the water overflows the bottom, so that the materials are fully saturated.

Step 2 build piles

Choose a site with high terrain, close to water source, close to mushroom house and hard ground, and build a fermentation pile with width of 2.0m, height of 1.5m and unlimited length. Mix the feed and cow dung as evenly as possible, add water when the feed is dry, cover the straw for heat preservation and moisture retention (covered with plastic film in rainy days), and start measuring the feed temperature the next day. Under normal circumstances, the pile temperature should rise to 70℃ on the third day.

3. Turn this pile over.

5 ~ 6 days after the pile is completed, when the pile temperature begins to drop, turn the pile for the first time. Spray water on the outer material first, then turn the material up and down alternately, and at the same time sprinkle all urea, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and lime powder into the material and stir evenly. Rebuild the pile after turning over, with the width of 1.7m and the height unchanged. In the center line of the pile under construction, drill a hole with a diameter of 2~3cm every 0.5m to facilitate ventilation and ammonia discharge, and cover the top of the pile with plastic film to facilitate temperature rise. When the stack temperature rises to 70~80℃ after 2 days, the film is removed to increase the ventilation in the material.

The second turning is usually carried out 4 ~ 5 days after the first turning, and the method is the same as above. Add 0.5kg of tetracycline and 1.5kg of carbendazim to control mites and miscellaneous bacteria. The width of the material pile is narrowed to 1.5m, and the height remains unchanged, covered with plastic film. After turning over the pile for 2 days, uncover the plastic film at the top of the pile and roll up the plastic film at the bottom of the pile for aeration and fermentation.

The third turning is carried out 3 ~ 4 days after the second turning. This time, it is necessary to spray 0.5kg of 2.5% dichlorvos and 2kg of 40% formaldehyde solution evenly, adjust pH8, and adjust the water content of materials to 65%~70%. The width of the heap is 1~2m, and the height is 0.8~ 1m, so as to facilitate ventilation, reduce the heap temperature and cultivate a large number of actinomycetes.

Disinfection of mushroom house

Three days before the culture materials enter the room, the closed mushroom room should be fumigated with 2kg of 40% formaldehyde and 2.5% avermectin according to the ratio of 100m2, or closed for 24 ~ 48 hours to completely kill the pests and diseases, and then the doors and windows should be opened for ventilation.

Post fermentation

While it is hot, transport the pre-fermented culture materials to the bedstead, seal the doors and windows, and introduce steam into the shed with a pipeline steam generator to raise the temperature. When the temperature rises to 63℃, control the fire temperature, and if necessary, open the doors and windows to lower the temperature, and keep the temperature at 60℃ 12 ~ 24h. Then open the vent hole, cool it to 50℃ for 50℃5 ~ 7d, and finally ventilate and cool it to discharge the waste gas and residual ammonia produced in the fermentation process.

Sow in bed

When the temperature of the material drops below 28℃, spread the material and sow it. When laying materials, mix and shake the culture materials evenly, and the material surface should be flat, with the middle being 2~3cm thicker than the edge and the culture materials being about 20cm thick.

Hair fungi

After sowing 1 ~ 5 days, heat preservation and moisture preservation are the main methods, and no ventilation or less ventilation is needed when hyphae germinate normally, so as to promote the early germination and colonization of strains and seal the feed surface. After 6 ~ 10 days, the mycelium was basically covered, and with the deepening of mycelium feeding, the ventilation rate gradually increased. When the mycelium grows to 1 1~ 18d, it should be perforated and ventilated in time, and at the same time, the ventilation volume should be increased to increase the oxygen content in the material. When the mycelium grows to more than 2/3 of the material layer, it is ready to cover the soil.

Soil covering and management

Choose vegetable garden soil below the surface layer 15~30cm, and the suitable soil particle size is1~1.5cm. Before use, dry it in the sun 1d, and then spray it with 0.5% dichlorvos or 4%~5% formaldehyde solution, every1d. After spraying, soil particles are piled up and covered with film 15~20h to eliminate pests in soil particles. Then use 1% lime water to adjust the water content of soil particles to 16%~ 18%.

Before covering the soil, if there are miscellaneous bacteria on the bed surface, 300~500 times of bactericide should be sprayed; If the bed surface is too dry, spray 0.5% lime water, and then ventilate to dry; If the surface humidity of the material is too high, it can be ventilated in advance. The thickness of the overburden is 3.5 ~ 4.5cm, and the material temperature should be controlled below 28℃. When necessary, the bed should be ventilated at night, and the temperature should be controlled by spraying water on the walls, doors and windows in the shed. The relative humidity of the air in the shed should be controlled at 65%~70%.