How to connect English continuous reading? What are the specific rules? How to know when to break a sentence? And weak reading, shrinking reading. How to use it.

We have all had such a frustrating experience, and it is easy to understand the English spoken by China people. However, when the same conversation comes to the British and American people, it is difficult to keep up with it, and sometimes it is even incomprehensible. This is mainly because the English we speak is usually very clear between words, and there is an obvious pause between words. However, there are many phonetic changes in spoken English of British and American people, which make the pronunciation of familiar words strange and difficult to understand, and cause great difficulties to our listening. Therefore, understanding and using the law of sound change will help us improve our listening and make our pronunciation more authentic.

Phonetic changes mainly include linking, aphonia, weakening, turbidity, assimilation, stress and shortening. These forms can be summed up in one principle, namely "economy"-"saving" principle or "saving labor force" principle. My linguistics teacher said that he once regretted choosing linguistics as his research direction, because at that time he thought linguistics was boring and impractical, but this labor-saving principle solved all his troubles and made him fascinated with linguistics. Because the simple word "labor-saving" can explain almost all the sound changes, people are lazy, and of course, the most frequent behavior-speaking also requires many ways to save trouble, so there are many sound changes that have evolved to save labor. Keep in mind the principle of labor saving. When we read English, let our lips and tongues relax and read English easily. I think pronunciation will feel different.

Let's get down to business. The following are five kinds of sound changes that cause great obstacles to listening and their pronunciation rules, as well as the last essay on rhythm. I hope it helps!

First, continuous reading

There are two rules for linking, namely:

1, words ending in consonants+words beginning with vowels: linking.

I want to eat another bowl of rice.

Here like/laik/ ends with a consonant and the other begins with a vowel, so it is continuous reading.

note:

Ending with a consonant means that the last sound in the phonetic symbol is a consonant, not a suffix, just like the definite article in front of u[ju]. Universities must use.

2. Words ending in consonants+words beginning with h are not pronounced, just like the previous consonants.

What will he do?

Has he done it before?

Shall we go?

Can he do it?

Should he ...?

Tell him to ask her ...

Leave him.

For him (if you see this word, you will find it is like a forum)

When I first learned the rules of continuous reading, I was so excited that I easily understood many sentences that I had found difficult to understand before.

And according to this way of continuous reading, pronunciation is labor-saving and much easier. Confirm "economy" again.

Second, the assimilation of sound.

The assimilation of sound is also a phenomenon of continuous reading. The smooth transition between two words causes one sound to change under the influence of adjacent sounds. There are three main ways:

1, when the consonant [d] is adjacent to [j], it is assimilated into [d э]: Will you? ...

2. When the consonant [t] is adjacent to [j], it is assimilated into [t ∫]: You can't. . . . ?

3. When the consonant [s] is adjacent to [j], it is assimilated into [∫]: I miss you.

Third, aphonia

Because misfire is a phenomenon of aphonia, fricative will also be aphonia, so it is collectively called aphonia.

note:

The blasting sound is not completely lost, but it still forms an obstacle, blocking the airflow inside, but not blasting, directly emitting adjacent consonants.

Rules:

1, the consonant plosive sound or fricative sound is followed by plosive sound, fricative sound, friction, etc. The consonant in front will lose its plosive sound.

There are many such examples, and the consonants marked in red are not pronounced:

Sit down: the teacher who sends it again will not send it [t].

Contact lenses:

Big cake

Dad told me.

Great changes

good night

Fourth, turbidity

The unvoiced consonants after 1 and [S] should be voiced.

Discussion: [k] Turbidity becomes [g]

Position: [t] turbidity becomes [d]

Expression: [p] turbidity

In American English, [t] becomes [d] in the middle of words.

For example:

Writer, sounds like rider.

Letter ladder

Go out from ...

In order to save trouble, Americans and Canadians are used to voiced sounds, especially [t] will definitely be pronounced as [d] in the middle of words, but English pronunciation will not be like this, which is also a big difference between British and American pronunciation. Understanding this turbidity principle will bring some help to listening.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) weak reading

Generally speaking:

Emphasize notional words, such as verbs, nouns and adverbs;

Weak reading of function words, such as prepositions and pronouns.

The rule of weak reading is generally: vowel syllables are weakened to [E] or.

For example, the following words: for/to/some/does/of.

If you look up these words in the dictionary, you will find that they all have at least two pronunciations, such as for: stress [fR:] and weak [fE].

Sixth, the rhythm

I have a bad grasp of the rhythm of English, so I am very depressed. In my opinion, there is only one standard rhythm and intonation for China people to say a sentence. I think English should be the same, but what is the standard intonation? I specifically asked the English teacher this question. Do different foreigners have different intonations when they say the same thing? She told me yes. But after reading the following passage, I think she may have misunderstood me. :)

Foreigners teach you the "killer": pay attention to the rhythm of speaking.

Who are you working for after studying English hard for ten years? Of course, it is used to "chat" with foreigners. What do foreigners think of the English spoken in China? Do they have any tricks to talk about? The reporter consulted christopher hampton, the examiner of the British Consulate General in Shanghai, who was also one of the judges of the speech contest that day.

As soon as Christopher opened his mouth, he pointed out the biggest "soft spot" for China people to learn English.

"China people like to struggle with the pronunciation of words. Young people, in particular, always hope that they can speak standard American English, preferably American English with new york accent. Therefore, they listen to the radio and watch TV very hard, deliberately imitating the American accent.

After a long period of training, some people's pronunciation is even more authentic than that of native Americans. However, even blindfolded, I can easily tell whether the speaker is from China or America. Because China people speak English without rhythm. "

Christopher's rhythm not only refers to the speed of speech, but also includes many small links that are usually ignored, such as the rise and fall of intonation, the stress of words and where sentences stop. Chinese books in middle schools do have sentence-breaking exercises, but almost all English textbooks do not have similar chapters, and few teachers will teach students this. So most people don't know that English sentences also have their own splitting rules. The speaker either follows the thinking habits of China people and "breaks the sentence into eight pieces" at will; Either practice lung capacity and don't gasp from beginning to end in a word. As a result, a sentence that sounds clear to China people becomes "incomprehensible" to foreigners.

It is not difficult to change this habit. Christopher believes that as long as you practice for several months, a person with an average English level can speak beautiful English, even to the point of "confusing the fake with the real", which is comparable to speaking a mother tongue.

His practice method is simple-find a standard tape read by foreigners and play it on the tape recorder. Then you look at the manuscript and follow his rhythm step by step. At this time, fully mobilize your ears, adapt to the pronunciation and intonation of foreigners, and reflect it like an echo tube. Over time, when you get used to the rhythm of foreigners, you can cope with ordinary conversations as long as you master 5000 basic words.