Cultural literacy physics knowledge

1. E-book on the concepts of physics and cultural literacy, thank you

What is culture

Generally refers to the material wealth and spiritual wealth created in human history the sum of social practices. In a narrow sense, it means that the social ideology, system and organizational structure are suitable for it. Because cultural ideology is a reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society, and the role of politics and economics in a certain society. With the emergence and development of a nation, culture has national characteristics. Every form of society adapts to their culture, and as society develops and material production develops, so does every culture. The continuity of the development of social material production and the decision-making of cultural development also have continuity and historical inheritance.

Refers to writing skills and general knowledge: learning culture | cultural level. Culture

The concept of definition: Culture is a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs and other social orders and habits. As part of the acquisition, it is an endeavor made by human beings. To adapt to its environment and improve the overall performance of its lifestyle.

2. Cultural literacy includes: knowledge literacy,

When people understand cultural literacy, most people regard the amount of Chinese language mastery, the flexibility of Chinese language use, and the quality of written language. Using ability and skills is regarded as the standard of cultural accomplishment. In fact, cultural accomplishment and literary accomplishment are equated. It can be said that this is a narrow definition and understanding of cultural accomplishment. This is a one-sided understanding of cultural accomplishment. In fact, cultural accomplishment refers to the comprehensive quality of a person, which not only includes the amount of learning from social sciences such as philosophy, history, literature, law, etc., but also includes moral cultivation, art appreciation ability, and the understanding, mastery, and application of natural science knowledge. , even including religious beliefs and the emotional world. Cultural accomplishment is the comprehensive quality of knowing the world, perceiving the world, creating life, and controlling life.

The level of citizens’ cultural literacy is an important indicator of the intellectual level and development of a nation and a country. The improvement of citizens' cultural accomplishment is the foundation for the prosperity of a nation and a country. From the most basic aspects of life, the level of cultural accomplishment of citizens is related to the quality of life of each citizen. Citizens without good cultural accomplishment will live a simple life of pure material enjoyment. They will not appreciate the joy of spiritual enjoyment and will not reach the highest realm of life.

3. Physics knowledge in life

Well, someone asked this question yesterday, and he wanted 20.

1. When the switch is closed in the light bulb we use, the current comes out from the power supply and reaches the filament through the wire. Due to the heat generated by the filament, it emits light and is used for lighting. This is the resistance in electrical transmission. The physical phenomenon of heating; 2. The use of electric fans makes use of the rotating magnetic field generated around the conductor when current flows through the conductor, causing the fan motor to rotate (electromagnetic force) to drive the fan blades to rotate and "do work"; 3. We put the pot on a heating (or burning) stove, and the heat emitted by the stove causes the food in the pot to absorb heat energy and be cooked, because it uses the physical phenomenon of heat conduction; 4. Our fan or fan To have wind, we use other forces to create different pressure differences on both sides of the fan blades, thus generating wind (aerodynamic force); 5. Our cars and people can walk on the ground by using the pressure between objects. Friction; 6. We can use ordinary steelyards to measure the weight of objects by using the principle of leverage (mechanics); 7. There will be some water on the beverage bottles taken out of the refrigerator. In fact, it is the water vapor in the air that meets the cold The bottle is formed by liquefaction. 8. When the quartz clock hanging on the wall stops moving because the battery is exhausted, its second hand often stops at the "9" position on the dial.

This is because the second hand is most hindered by the gravity moment at the "9" position. 9. Sometimes when the water pipe is discharging water from a nearby faucet, bursts of sound occasionally occur.

This is because the water pipes vibrate when water rushes out of the faucet. 10. When taking pictures on the TV screen, turn off the camera flash and indoor lighting, so that the picture will be clearer.

Because the reflected light of flash and lighting on the TV screen will interfere with the transmitted light of the TV screen. 11 A distorted mirror will become more distorted the further away a person is from the mirror. Because the image in the mirror is formed by the reflection of the silver-plated surface behind the mirror, Uneven silver plating or uneven glass thickness will cause distortion.

For a distorted mirror, the further away the person is from the mirror, the greater the deviation of the reflected light from the silver-plated surface from the normal position due to the principle of light amplification, and the more distorted the mirror will be. 12 When the pot is filled with cold water , the water droplets attached to the outer surface of the bottom of the pot will take a long time to be burned dry on the flame, and will not boil until it is dried. This is because the water droplets, the pot and the water in the pot maintain heat conduction, and the temperatures are roughly the same. The water is not boiling, and the water droplets will not boil. The water droplets are gradually burned dry by evaporation on the flame. 13. Even if there is no wind, the thin paper falling from a height will follow a twists and turns. This is because each part of the paper has different convex and concave shapes and different shapes. Therefore, during the falling process, the air flow speed on the surface is different. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the flow speed is large and the pressure is small, resulting in the air force acting on various parts of the paper. Uniform, and changes with the movement of the paper, so the paper keeps rolling, twisting and falling. 14 When the ceiling fan rotates normally, the pulling force on the suspension point is smaller than when it is not rotating. The greater the rotation speed, the more the pulling force is reduced. This This is because when the ceiling fan rotates, the air has an upward reaction force on the ceiling fan blades. The greater the rotation speed, the greater the reaction force. 15 After blowing up the balloon, hold the mouthpiece with your hand, and then suddenly let go, the air in the balloon will spurt out, and the balloon will Recoil and move.

You can see that the route of the balloon movement is winding and varied. There are two reasons for this: First, the thickness and tension of the inflated balloon are uneven everywhere, which causes the balloon to shrink unevenly and swing when it is deflated, so that the direction of movement constantly changes; second, the shape of the balloon keeps changing during the contraction process. Changes, so the airflow speed on the surface of the balloon is also constantly changing during the movement. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the flow speed is large and the pressure is small, so the pressure of the air on the surface of the balloon is also constantly changing, and the balloon swings accordingly, thereby changing the direction of movement. Just keep changing.

16. When taking pictures in front of the TV screen, you should turn off the camera flash and indoor lighting, so that the picture will be clearer. Because the reflected light from the flash and lighting on the TV screen will interfere with the transmitted light of the TV picture. 17 Frozen pork thaws faster in water than in air of the same temperature.

A hot iron nail cools faster when placed in water than in air of the same temperature. A cup filled with scalding boiling water cools faster when immersed in water than when immersed in air of the same temperature.

These phenomena all show that the heat transfer of water is better than that of air. 18. Spray water on the oranges before the frost comes to make them freeze, solidify and release heat, which can then protect the oranges. 19. The hot water will evaporate. "White smoke" is actually water vapor formed by water vaporization. 20 When it snows, it becomes cold when it is not cold. Principle: liquefaction absorbs heat.

4. Teacher professional standards

The basic concepts that middle school teachers should have:

(1) Student-oriented

Respect middle school students Rights and interests, with middle school students as the main body, fully mobilize and give full play to the initiative of middle school students; follow the physical and mental development characteristics of middle school students and the laws of education and teaching, provide suitable education, and promote middle school students' lively learning, healthy and happy growth, and comprehensive and individual development.

(2) Teacher ethics first

Love middle school education, have professional ideals, practice the socialist core value system, and fulfill teachers’ professional ethics. Care for middle school students, respect their personality, be caring, responsible, patient and careful; be a role model, teach and educate others, have self-respect and self-discipline, educate and infect middle school students with personality charm and intellectual charm, and be a mentor and guide for the healthy growth of middle school students.

(3) Ability is the most important

Combine subject knowledge, educational theory and educational practice to highlight the practical ability of teaching and educating people; study middle school students, follow the growth rules of middle school students, and improve education and teaching Professional level; insist on practice, reflection, practice again, reflection again, and continuously improve professional capabilities.

(4) Life-long learning

Study advanced middle school education theories, understand the experience and practices of domestic and foreign middle school education reform and development; optimize the knowledge structure and improve cultural literacy; have lifelong learning and Continuously develop awareness and abilities, and be a model of lifelong learning.

The basic concepts that primary school teachers should have:

(1) Student-oriented

Respect the rights and interests of primary school students, take primary school students as the main body, and fully mobilize and develop the talents of primary school students. Initiative; follow the physical and mental development characteristics of primary school students and the laws of education and teaching, provide suitable education, and promote primary school students to learn lively and grow up healthily and happily.

(2) Teacher ethics first

Love primary school education, have professional ideals, practice the socialist core value system, and fulfill teachers’ professional ethics. Care for primary school students, respect their personality, be caring, responsible, patient and careful; be a role model, teach and educate others, have self-esteem and self-discipline, and be a guide and guide for the healthy growth of primary school students.

(3) Ability is the most important

Combine subject knowledge, educational theory and educational practice to highlight the practical ability of teaching and educating people; study primary school students, follow the growth rules of primary school students, and improve education and teaching Professional level; insist on practice, reflection, practice again, reflection again, and continuously improve professional capabilities.

(4) Life-long learning

Study advanced primary school education theories, understand the experience and practices of primary education reform and development at home and abroad; optimize the knowledge structure and improve cultural literacy; have the ability to lifelong learning and Continuously develop awareness and abilities, and be a model of lifelong learning.

5. How to write "Young people's scientific knowledge and humanistic literacy"

The overall world we live in is composed of three different basic elements, namely "facts" , "value" and "meaning".

Facts are various material realities that we can observe and feel, such as mountains, rivers, sun, moon and stars, earthquakes and tsunamis, material products and social events, etc. , including both natural facts and events, and social facts and events. Value is a normative system designed to evaluate the usefulness of these facts and events according to our own needs.

Meaning is our overall reflection on these value norms and the daily practical activities guided by them, and is a thorough examination of the rationality of a person's or the entire society's practical value norm system. The different forms of combinations of these three elements constitute. Three different worlds: the natural world, the social world and the humanistic world.

The natural world is composed of purely natural facts and events, dominated by blind natural forces before human factors intervene. After the intervention of human factors, the natural world has actually become what Marx called "humanized nature". Traces of human value practice can be found everywhere in nature.

However, the practice of human subjectivity is here. The degree and scope that can be achieved are also restricted by the laws of nature. The social world is a world established on the basis of the natural world. It is composed of a variety of facts, events and values, including all kinds of things. Various social bodies, languages, norms, organizations, institutions, activities, etc.

Among these elements, it is social value norms rather than social facts and events that constitute the core of the different social worlds. The standards for different types of social facts and events are not external observable characteristics, but the value requirements of the active subjects throughout them.

Value elements are the watershed between the natural world and the social world. A world built on the basis of the world, or a world built in the social world.

This world is composed of a series of overall reflection activities on social value norms and their practices. It consists of products, organizations, systems, symbols, etc. In short, it is composed of value and meaning. In the humanistic world, meaning replaces value and becomes the core. It is the material used by the subject to reflect on meaning.

Meaning is the watershed between the social world and the humanistic world.

I believe there will be no objections to the division between the natural world and the social world, and it is conceptually familiar.

But I believe there will be many questions raised about the division between the social world and the humanistic world. In fact, it is indeed questionable.

What is "overall reflection"? What is "overall reflection on social value norms and their practices"? What are the products, organizations, systems, etc. of the humanistic world? Let’s look at the word “reflection” first. I think the meaning of "reflection" in Chinese is "think in reverse" and "rethink". In common parlance, it means "go back and think".

The meaning of "rethinking" (rethinking, reflecting, introspecting) in English is similar to that in Chinese. It also has the meaning of "re-thinking", "turning over" (re-) thinking, and "reflecting". "intro-" means to think. It can be seen that the key characteristics of the usage of the word "reflection" in the Chinese and English contexts are: first, it is applicable to historical events; second, it is doubt about the original conclusion; third, it is rethinking.

Based on such key characteristics, "overall reflection" refers to reflection on the "whole" process of a series of historical events and the relationship between related factors, which is different from some isolated events. reflections on individual events. In fact, in real life, most reflections are of the nature of general reflection.

If we take this into account, "totality" can be regarded as the fourth characteristic of the use of the word "reflection". In this way, the most critical element in the definition of "meaning" and "humanistic world", "overall reflection on social value norms and their practices," refers to a systematic re-examination of the rationality of the value norms behind the daily practices we have experienced in history. Think deeply, deeply, and sincerely, test its rationality, and evaluate its practical effects to build a more reasonable value model system in the future.

The questioning of this kind of value rationality is the questioning of meaning. The thinking of this kind of question is the thinking of meaning. The organizations, systems, symbols and metaphors that encourage, support, express and confirm this kind of thinking are , products are organizations, systems, symbols, metaphors and products in the world of meaning. Everyone is very familiar with the issue of meaning, such as why do people live? Why should we make money? Why should we care about others? It is difficult to have a definite and recognized answer to these questions because each questioner and respondent is in a different social background and personal experience, and the background of overall reflection is different.

Nonetheless, we must think about these issues. The degree of thinking about these issues is directly proportional to the sobriety and determination of life. As a result of this kind of thinking, many products have emerged, such as philosophy, poetry, painting, music, literature, sculpture, etc. that express corresponding themes.

Since the issue of meaning has been a question that people have been thinking about repeatedly since ancient times, some guiding organizations have emerged as the times require. Religion is such an important organization. In terms of origin and essence, religion was originally established by some people who had a good understanding of this issue to satisfy people's pursuit of meaning. However, once this kind of organization After it jumped from a private institution to a ruling institution with huge power, it lost its human nature to a large extent and transformed into a tool for pursuing fame and wealth.

The religious corruption in Western history and the subsequent religious reform probably all originated from this. In addition to religious organizations, school organizations are institutions among many social organizations that have the nature of meaning inquiry, interpretation, discussion and reflection.

This can be seen from the origin of the word "education". Whether it is "education" in Chinese or education in English, French and German, their origins are related to the inner "generation" (Chinese) or "turning" (English, French and German) of the human spiritual world.

In nature, this "generation" or "turning" of the inner spiritual world is not concerned with the acquisition of external social value, but the acquisition of the inner meaning of life. Similar to the historical situation of religious organizations, school organizations develop in civilized society.

6. How to fill in the cultural quality and comprehensive ability columns in the college student appraisal form, which is self-evaluation.

Cultural quality refers to the relatively stable things people have in science and culture. Intrinsic basic qualities, which in natural sciences are mainly reflected in knowledge education such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, biology, etc., indicate the quality of people's comprehensive development of this knowledge and their corresponding abilities, behaviors, emotions, etc. Level and personality characteristics.

The so-called comprehensive ability refers to observation ability, practical ability, thinking ability, integration ability and communication ability. The so-called creative thinking ability is the comprehensive ability formed by the above five abilities.

You can write: I actively participate in the activities of the college, such as participating in the inside work of the association, participating in and organizing several outdoor activities in the college martial arts association . I have exercised my organizational and coordination skills, thus enriching my life.