Who knows about Hainan wasps? Introduce them.

[ date: Wednesday, July 5, 26: 45: 23]

wasps are widely distributed in China. At present, they have been distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, and Guangdong. Since 22, wasp attacks have occurred frequently in some villages in Ankang, Shaanxi Province, causing hundreds of injuries and dozens of deaths. The incident has attracted great attention and extensive attention from the government and all walks of life. In order to protect the safety of people's production and life and avoid the occurrence of wasp wounding, this slide is specially made. By introducing the biological characteristics, preventive measures and basic knowledge of hazard treatment of wasps, the understanding and understanding of wasps among forestry workers and the broad masses of the people will be increased, and the goal of scientific prevention will be achieved.

1 introduction of vespa

vespa belongs to Hymenoptera, Vespoidea. It mainly includes 7 families: wasp with long abdomen, wasp with bell abdomen, wasp with different abdomen, wasp with narrow abdomen, grub, wasp and wasp. Common name wasp and wasp are predatory bees. The body wall is thick, smooth and hairless, and the front wings are vertically folded at rest, with strong stings. There are about 15, species in the world, and more than 5, species are known. About 24 species have been recorded in China.

species of wasps attacking people:

1. wasp Zeths dolosus Bingham

2. wasp Vespa binghami Buysson

3. wasp Vespa mocsargama Buysson

4. wasp Vespa bicolor bicolor Fabriciu with black shield. S

5. Vespa analis parallela Andre

6. Vespa magnatica Smith

7. Vespa analis nigrans Buysson

8. Vespa tropica leef Mansi van d. Er Vecht

9. Vespa affinis (Linnaeus).

1. Vespa tropica Haematodes Bequaert

11. Vespa Velutina Nirithorax Buysson

12. Vespa orienalis Linnaeus

13. Vespa vivax. Smith

14. Vespa tropica ducalis Smith

15. Vespa velutina auraria Smith

16. Vespa variabilis Buysson

17. Vespa mandarinia man. Darinia Smith

18. Vespa crabro crabro Linnaeus

19. Vespa dybowskii Ancre

2. Vespa mandurinia Japonica

21. Vespa madarinia no Bilis Sonan

22. Vespa sinillima Smith

23. Vespa basalis Smith

24. Vespa velufina variavecnt

25. Vespa Wilemani

2 Biological characteristics

Vespa is a social insect, with a queen bee and a professional bee in one nest. Living in groups, 1~3 generations can occur in a year, with overlapping generations. In late autumn, when the temperature drops to 15-17℃, the fertilized female bees leave their nests and move to caves, haystacks, cracks in walls, tree holes, etc., where they are sheltered from the wind and have a constant temperature. Hundreds of them gather together and huddle together to resist the cold. The survival rate of overwintering is generally 1%, and the optimum activity temperature is 25℃. When the temperature reaches 15℃ in early April of the following year, the sting lasts for 34 days.

Nest-building habit After wintering, queen bees choose leeward, sunny, near water sources and places that they think are safer to build their nests. The queen bee builds its own nest, and fixes it on the branches with plastic handles. The wood and water of the tree are taken to build a hexagonal hive, and each hive lays one egg, laying eggs while building the nest. In autumn, the bottom layer of the hive has the largest hive, which is prepared for the females. They are the queens of the next year. Once the queen lays eggs, she will not abandon her nest until she dies in autumn. Most of the eggs laid are female bees, called job bees, and the individuals are small. It takes one month for wasps to develop from eggs to adults. Most fertilized eggs are females, while unfertilized eggs are males. In autumn, about 1/3 ~ 1/4 eggs are not fertilized, and the number of male peaks increases, preparing for overwintering. Female bees bring semen to a certain part of the body and fertilize while laying eggs. Drones can mate with their nests or other nests; The female bee can only move in her own nest and will be attacked when she reaches it.

Toxins and stinging wasp toxins can be divided into hemolytic toxin and neurotoxic toxin, which can cause the functional failure of human liver, kidney and other organs, especially those who are worried about their lives and allergic constitution when stung on human blood vessels. The wasp sting is covered with a non-toxic gland, which can attack or sting people many times.

wasp activities are closely related to wind power. When the wind power is above level 3, wasps stop going out. Wasps are photophobic and stop their activities at night. Vestiges are fond of sugar substances, which are harmful to mature fruits. The wasp is color blind and can distinguish moving objects. The wasp's wings are folded vertically, so it is easy to stick to the water and can't open it. It is inactive in rainy days and will eat its own children even in rainy days.

the benefits of wasps wasps are carnivorous insects, which can effectively hunt and kill a variety of agricultural and forestry pests in nature and are beneficial insects. The adults, larvae and hives of wasps can be used as medicine to treat many diseases. Bee venom contains many diseases such as cancer, arthritis and rheumatism, and many countries carry out "bee therapy".

The invasion and disturbance of wasps will cause swarms of bees to chase stings, resulting in casualties. Eating sweets, when the fruit in the orchard is ripe, often causes wasps to bite, resulting in a decline in quality and yield. In tussah and bee breeding areas, wasps often prey on tussah larvae and bees, which affects the economic income of silkworm farmers and bee farmers.

3 Harm of wasps to people

There are pincers on the tail of wasps. After people are stung, the wounds often swell with small blisters and quickly fester. Those who are seriously injured have anuria, or the urine is dark brown and soy sauce-colored, and even more serious, they can die of toxic myocarditis within 3 hours.

Since p>22, wasps have injured 715 people and killed 36 people in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province. According to the forestry departments of four counties in Ankang city, more than 6 medical records have occurred in township (town) and county-level hospitals, which has become an important factor causing local villagers' insecurity. All localities must attach great importance to it.

4 reasons why wasps attack people

① Climate Due to the warming of climate, especially the increase of average temperature in winter, the number of overwintering wasps increases. At present, there are about 12,-15, beehives in Ankang (about 2, in each county).

② With the increase of ecological forest area, the number of insect population increases, which provides abundant food resources for wasps; At the same time, a large area of economic forests, such as persimmons, pears and apricots, are created, which provides convenience for wasps to take water; The wasp likes to eat honey-derived food. The data show that Ziyang County, which has the highest rape popularization rate, is the most seriously damaged by wasps. In the past four years, 344 people have been stung and 1 people have died.

③ Most of the casualties were retaliated when they actively attacked the hive; The cosmetics used contain ingredients similar to wasp pheromones; People who drink alcohol are easily attacked by wasps.

5 control principles of wasps

① wasps are beneficial insects and natural enemies of agricultural and forestry pests, and they should be protected in the forest.

② those that appear in villages, towns, schools, roads and other places with frequent human activities and do harm to people and livestock should be controlled.

6 control methods of wasps

① Drug fumigation in spring is an important period when wasps begin to build nests. We should pay attention to the favorable opportunity when there are only a few overwintering bees (one nest for every bee) and the "gourd bag" is still small. We should conduct a general survey around towns, both ends of roads, recreational forest areas, hiking trails and other areas, and find nest-building activities in time. We should destroy them in the small nest period or remove them or use cloth and towels.

(2) When picking the nest in time, firstly spray insecticide on the exit of the hive and the bees outside the hive, then wrap the hive in a woven bag and fasten the bag mouth quickly, then remove the hive, and put it into water or pour gasoline to burn it. Nest picking time should be carried out at night or in rainy days.

③ use a high-pressure water gun to remove bees, fire against hives built in high places, aim at the hives with a high-pressure water gun and spray fiercely to break them. You can also tie waste cotton soaked in fuel oil at one end of a long bamboo pole, light it, and reach to the side of the hive to burn it. It is necessary to evacuate the surrounding people in advance and pay attention to fire prevention.

④ In late autumn, when the temperature drops to 15 degrees, wasps begin to leave their nests and move to caves, haystacks and other warmer places to avoid the cold, and often hundreds of them gather together to resist the cold. Found that bees can be burned with fire.

⑤ luring and killing wasps has the characteristics of building nests to get water. In the place where bees get water, they can manually dig puddles or put water containers and add pesticides. When wasps absorb water, they will be poisoned and die. At the same time, we should pay attention to the safety of drinking water for people and livestock.

⑥ The corpse kills wasps, which not only likes to eat bees, but also eats the same kind of corpses. Using this habit, when it pounces on corpses, it is wiped out with wooden swatter. Be sure to aim at it when flapping, otherwise the big wasp will recoil and sting when it misses.

⑦ It's clumsy to kill wasps with drugs. You can gently hold it down with a small gauze racket, then clamp it with tweezers, and apply the highly toxic pesticide sugar solution to the chest and abdomen of wasps, and then let them go. After these wasps return to their nests, other wasps will come to lick the poisonous sugar liquid on them, causing the whole nest to be poisoned. Using the "Destroying Nest Spirit" developed by Fujian Agricultural University, the effect is remarkable through the "automatic application method". After the wasp is caught, it is put into a bottle of 1 ~ 15 ml, and the powder of "Destroying the Nest Spirit" is preset in the bottle. With the help of the airflow of the wasp flapping its wings, the powder is automatically spread evenly to all parts of the bee body, and the bottle cap is opened to let the bee return to the nest, so that the whole nest can be polluted quickly and the purpose of destroying the hive can be achieved.

7 Prevention of wasps

① Be careful not to disturb wasps and take a hat when going out.

② Trees should be pruned frequently in the courtyard, and the soil should be turned loose to reduce the chances of wasps nesting, and succulent plants should be avoided in front of and behind the house to reduce the chances of wasps entering the house.

③ Don't keep bees near the village.

④ naked sugary food and drinks should not be placed in open places to avoid wasps gathering.

⑤ The chemical synthetic substances and smells contained in cosmetics often imitate the natural floral fragrance, which is easy to attract bees. Do not drink alcohol or use cosmetics before going out.

⑥ wasps are color-blind, so you don't have to pay attention to sporadic bees flying around to harass them; When the bee stops on the head and shoulders, just shake it off gently, don't flap it.

⑦ When being attacked by bees, you should wrap the exposed parts with clothes as soon as possible, and you can crouch still, don't run quickly, and don't beat repeatedly.

⑧ When working in the field, you should observe the surrounding environment to avoid disturbing the hive, and wear dark long pants for protection when working in the densely distributed area of wasps.

⑨ If you meet a lone wasp hovering around in the field investigation, it means that you are close to its warning range. Never wave or harass it, and don't observe the wasp at close range. Leave as soon as possible to avoid it sending a message to attract a swarm of bees to attack.

⑩ wasp nests are found near human activity areas. Do not pick up the nests without perfect protective equipment, and report to the fire department for handling. Field workers should carry first-aid drugs (such as snake medicine and chlorpheniramine) with them.

8 Emergency treatment

The venom is injected when the venom needle in the abdomen of wasp pierces the skin. Poisoning causes local tissue necrosis, and people with allergic constitution can cause acute renal function and liver failure. If wasp stings, it is necessary to immediately check the stung area, squeeze out the venom, apply vinegar to neutralize the venom, and also apply anti-allergic drugs such as Piyanping, Nantong Snake Medicine, Gynura divaricata, Lobelia Chinensis and Viola yedoensis. For serious injuries, subcutaneous injection of .1% adrenaline and .5ml of sismin can be used. Local severe pain can be blocked with .1% lidocaine or .5%~1% procaine. In severe cases, put a tourniquet on the wound near the heart, relax every 15 minutes, and the ligation time should not exceed 2 hours. Go to the hospital as soon as possible.

9 natural enemies of wasps

The yellow-tailed nest moth lays eggs in the wasp's nest, which is destructive to the wasp's nest. Rot caused wasps to feel sick and die. Grey magpies eat wasp larvae and adults.

1 Strengthen publicity and training

① According to the biological characteristics of wasps, publicity should fully seize the favorable opportunity, use various media, take convenient and quick forms such as posters and slogans, and increase the publicity of basic knowledge and common sense for the masses to scientifically prevent wasp attacks. Achieve the goal of making full use of the beneficial characteristics of wasps and effectively preventing attacks on people.

(2) Training should first be well publicized within the forestry industry, so that the majority of forestry workers, especially forestry cadres at the county and township levels, can correctly grasp the basic knowledge of scientifically preventing wasp attacks. Secondly, we should go deep into the front line of rural production and do a good job in propaganda, and take the prevention of wasp attacks as an important part of the construction of new rural areas.